Public perception and preferences for coastal risk management: Evidence from a convergent parallel mixed-methods study.

Coastal ecosystems are exposed to unprecedented levels of human pressure and to the cumulative effects of climate change. Altogether, these threats have been exposing coastal areas to augmented hazardous processes, leaving communities highly vulnerable to coastal risks and challenging the coastal management paradigm. Disregarding public perceptions of coastal risk management may be myopic and, thus, an obstacle to the success of the efforts towards coastal risks' mitigation and adaptation. Therefore, this study aims at comprehensively ascertain public perception and preferences for coastal risk management, through a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative study accounted for 3028 participants that enrolled in the population-based survey. The qualitative study accounted for 320 participants that responded to the e-interview. Data were analysed independently and triangulated for further interpretation. Evidence from this study suggests that citizens prioritize the intrinsic value of coastal systems, when favouring a risk adaptation strategy. Therefore, ecosystem-based adaptation measures were highlighted, in detriment of grey infrastructure. Additionally, and due to the reported high levels of public authorities' distrust, the public seems to urge for a transition from a technocratic to a participatory coastal management, in which public's preferences are legitimized. Consequently, and in order to decentralize coastal governance, citizens demonstrated a proactive disposition to actively engage in coastal management. Findings from this study were discussed in order to provide guidance to the development of tailored coastal management initiatives and policy tools, which are expected to be effective at enhancing coastal communities' resilience to hazardous processes and augmenting citizens' engagement in coastal management.

The Rural Fires of 2017 and Their Influences on Water Quality: An Assessment of Causes and Effects.

As water is facing increasing pressures from population and economic growth and climate change, it becomes imperative to promote the protection, restoration and management of this resource and its watersheds. Since water quality depends on multiple factors both natural and anthropic, it is not easy to establish their influences. After the October 2017 fires that affected almost 30% of the Mondego hydrographic basin in Central Portugal, 10 catchments were selected for periodic physical-chemical monitoring. These monitoring campaigns started one month after the fires and lasted for two hydrological years, measuring the electric conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity (Turb), alkalinity (Alk), major and minor ions, and trace elements. The obtained data were then statistically analysed alongside the geomorphological characteristics of each catchment coupled with features of land-use and occupation. From the results, it was possible to establish that fire-affected artificial areas, through the atmospheric deposition and surface runoff of combustion products, had the most impact on surface water quality, increasing As, K-, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, SO42- and Sr, and consequently increasing electrical conductivity. Agricultural land-use seems to play a major influence in raising the water's EC, Cl, K- and Na2+. Regarding natural factors such as catchment geology, it was found that the extent of igneous exposures influences As, and the carbonate sedimentary units are a source of Ca2+ and HCO32- concentrations and impose an increase in alkalinity. Rainfall seems, in the short term, to increase the water concentration in Al and NO3-, while also raising turbidity due to sediments dragged by surface runoff. While, in the long-term, rainfall reduces the concentrations of elements in surface water and approximates the water's pH to rainfall features.

Environment Actors Confronting a Post Climate-Related Disaster Scenario: A Feasibility Study of an Action-Based Intervention Aiming to Promote Climate Action.

(1) A climate change awareness-action gap still prevails in our society, with individuals showing significant social inertia regarding environmental issues. The communication on climate change is pointed out as one of the causes of the social inertia; (2) Following an action-oriented transformation research, the main goal of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of an action-based communication intervention, based on the participants' exposure to a post climate-related disaster scenario. The feasibility of the action-based communication intervention was assessed in a focus group meeting, whose content was qualitatively analysed; (3) The results of this study demonstrate that action-based communication interventions are feasible to trigger an attitude transformation, catalysed by the experiential processing of climate change and by the affect arousal; (4) This study comes to contribute to a transformation of the climate change communication praxis, by highlighting the urgency to shift the for a new paradigm of communicating climate change, in which the affect and the experiential processing should account for conveying environment-related information in order to promote society's climate action.

A comprehensive approach to understanding flood risk drivers at the municipal level.

During the period 1998-2017, floods were responsible for 11% of the loss of life and 23% of the economic loss caused by climate-related and geophysical-related disasters worldwide. An integrated and effective definition of flood risk management strategies therefore still requires synthesized and comprehensive knowledge about the driving forces of flood risk. In this study, 278 Portuguese municipalities are analyzed and classified according to flood hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. After evaluating the three components that describe risk, an index of the flood risk is calculated and a cluster analysis is further performed to understand the role of the risk drivers (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) in each municipality. The proposed approach therefore provides flood risk indexes on a municipal basis, which are built upon different sources of both cell-by-cell data and an aggregation of municipal-level data that has been statistically validated. Municipalities both in the NW part of the country and along the valleys of major rivers demonstrate a significant superimposition of high levels of exposure and hazard, while vulnerability presents a disperse pattern throughout the country. The results obtained using this approach should contribute to the diversification of flood risk management strategies. This is still lacking in the majority of the national-level flood risk governance processes, namely those strategies that focus on the contingency of daily activities and those aiming at a long-term reduction of the exposure, vulnerability, and hazard components that shape flood disasters.

The role of media between expert and lay knowledge: A study of Iberian media coverage on climate change.

Individuals play a crucial role in combating climate change, but high levels of acknowledgment and engagement are needed to lead to changes toward more sustainable behaviours. In this aspect, media plays an important role in shaping individuals' awareness about climate change. This study aims to analyse Iberian media coverage about climate change to further discuss its influence on the public's engagement with the subject. A total of 449 news were collected from Iberian newspapers. Their characteristics were analysed through quantitative content analysis. Data shows important journalistic bias toward a national framing, mainly focusing on drought and its impact on agriculture. The debate is focused on technological and political discourses. The gaps found on the Iberian media coverage may contribute to public's low levels of acknowledgement and engagement, not enhancing the possibility of change in individuals' behaviours for more sustainable actions.

Multidimensional Approach for Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment: Framing the Territorial Impacts in Two Municipalities in Portugal.

This study presents a new multidimensional methodology for tsunami vulnerability assessment that combines the morphological, structural, social, and tax component of vulnerability. This new approach can be distinguished from previous methodologies that focused primarily on the evaluation of potentially affected buildings and did not use tsunami numerical modeling. The methodology was applied to the Figueira da Foz and Vila do Bispo municipalities in Portugal. For each area, the potential tsunami-inundated areas were calculated considering the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, which is the greatest disaster caused by natural hazards that ever occurred in Portugal. Furthermore, the four components of the vulnerability were calculated to obtain a composite vulnerability index. This methodology enables us to differentiate the two areas in their vulnerability, highlighting the characteristics of the territory components. This methodology can be a starting point for the creation of a local assessment framework at the municipal scale related to tsunami risk. In addition, the methodology is an important support for the different local stakeholders.

The multiscale importance of road segments in a network disruption scenario: a risk-based approach.

This article addresses the problem of the multiscale importance of road networks, with the aim of helping to establish a more resilient network in the event of a road disruption scenario. A new model for identifying the most important roads is described and applied on a local and regional scale. The work presented here represents a step forward, since it focuses on the interaction between identifying the most important roads in a network that connect people and health services, the specificity of the natural hazards that threaten the normal functioning of the network, and an assessment of the consequences of three real-world interruptions from a multiscale perspective. The case studies concern three different past events: road interruptions due to a flood, a forest fire, and a mass movement. On the basis of the results obtained, it is possible to establish the roads for which risk management should be a priority. The multiscale perspective shows that in a road interruption the regional system may have the capacity to reorganize itself, although the interruption may have consequences for local dynamics. Coordination between local and regional scales is therefore important. The model proposed here allows for the scaling of emergency response facilities and human and physical resources. It represents an innovative approach to defining priorities, not only in the prevention phase but also in terms of the response to natural disasters, such as awareness of the consequences of road disruption for the rescue services sent out to local communities.

Agenesia traqueal: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Tracheal agenesis: literature review and case report

Agenesia traqueal (AT) é uma anomalia congênita muito rara e quase sempre fatal, que tem associação com prematuridade e polidrâmnio. Pode ser classificada, de acordo com Floydeem, em três categorias, sendo esta a mais usada e a qual é universalmente aceita. Relatamos o caso de um recém-nascido (RN) do sexo feminino, pré-termo, que apresentava diagnóstico pré-natal, através de ultrassonografia, de malformação cardíaca, hemivértebra, atresia de esôfago e polidramnia. O mesmo nasceu deprimido e evoluiu para o óbito. No laudo da patologia foram evidenciados anormalidades na anatomia traqueal. Realizamos revisão bibliográfica a respeito da agenesia traqueal, suas complicações e possíveis tratamentos...

Cytological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis: a report of four cases.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a common deep mycosis in South America caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a dimorphic fungus. Biopsy is the most frequent diagnostic method. The aim of this article is reporting four cases of PCM, in which intraoral involvement simulated squamous-cell carcinoma and was diagnosed by exfoliative cytology. We highlight this diagnostic tool as a simple, low cost, painless, noninvasive, and fast diagnostic method for PCM.

A 95-year-old woman with leucocytosis and eosinophilia: anaplastic carcinoma in an ectopic thyroid.

A 95-year-old woman had been treated over the past 8 years for progressive dysphagia. When her condition worsened, blood tests revealed the presence of leucocytosis and eosinophilia in the absence of anaemia or thrombocytopenia. Within 11 days of diagnosis, the patient died of respiratory failure. Necropsy showed normal thyroid tissue and an absence of infectious disease. However, an upper mediastinal tumour was found and was histopathologically diagnosed as a neoplastic transformation of the ectopic thyroid. Only 1% of endothoracic goitres present as ectopic or autonomous goitre with no parenchymal or vascular connection to the thyroid gland. This case represents a very rare situation in which a leukemoid reaction and peripheral hypereosinophilia were observed as a manifestation of an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in an ectopic mass.

Cellular death in hippocampus in response to PI3K pathway inhibition and oxygen and glucose deprivation.

We investigated the importance of the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas of hippocampus by exposing organotypic cultures to LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, or to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for up to 21 hours. LY294002 induced increased propidium iodide (PI) uptake and caspase 3/7 activity in both regions, with a faster onset in DG. In contrast, cultures exposed to 60 min of OGD showed a PI uptake only in the CA1 area, beginning 13 h after the insult and increasing until 21 h. We did not observe any significant changes in AKT phosphorylation and immunocontent in CA1 or DG areas of organotypic cultures exposed to OGD, suggesting that the phosphorylation of this protein at Ser-473 is unrelated to the cellular damage induced by ischemia. Our results suggest that the inhibition of the PI3K pathway does not mimic the cell death profile observed with an ischemic model.

Estradiol protects against oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat hippocampal organotypic cultures and activates Akt and inactivates GSK-3beta.

Here we investigated the neuroprotective effect of 17beta-estradiol in an in vitro model of ischemia. We used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, acute or chronically treated with 17beta-estradiol (10 nM), and exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Cellular death was quantified by measuring uptake of propidium iodide (PI), a marker of dead cells. In OGD exposed cultures, treated only with vehicle, about 70% of the CA1 area of hippocampus was labeled with PI, indicating a great percentage of cellular death. When cultures were treated with 17beta-estradiol (acute or chronically), this cellular death was reduced to 15%. This effect was prevented by LY294002 but was not by PD98059. Immunoblotting revealed that both, chronic and acute, treatments with 17beta-estradiol induced the phosphorylation/activation of Akt and the phosphorylation/inactivation of GSK-3beta. Our results show a clear neuroprotective effect of 17beta-estradiol and suggest that this effect could involve PI3-K pathway.

[Polycystic hydatidosis: casual finding of calcified hydatid cyst simulating mesenteric neoplasm]. / Hidatidose policística: cisto hidático calcificado, simulando neoplasia mesentérica, descoberto acidentalmente.

A case of abdominal hydatidosis, without hepatic involvement, in a patient from the State of Acre is reported. The hydatid, already in degeneration and partially calcified, was discovered incidentally by a radiologic examination of the vertebral column, carried out for evaluating the state of an intervertebral disk prolapse. Although the images suggested a mesenteric tumor, attached to the intestinal wall, the finding of rostellar hooklets in the dense contents of the cyst, after surgical removal, revealed the parasitic nature of the lesion.

Hidatidose policística: cisto hidático calcificado, simulando neoplasia mesentérica, descoberto acidentalmente / Polycystic hydatidosis: casual finding of calcified hydatid cyst simulating mesenteric neoplasm

É descrito um caso de hidatidose abdominal, sem comprometimento hepático, em paciente do Estado do Acre. O cisto, já em degeneraçäo e parcialmente calcificado, foi descoberto, por acaso, mediante estudo radiológico da coluna vertebral feito para avaliaçäo de hérnia de disco, detectada algum tempo antes. Embora as imagens sugerissem uma neoplasia do mesentério, o achado de acúleos rostelares no conteúdo pastoso da hidátide, removida cirurgicamente, permitiu reconhecer-se a natureza parasitária da lesäo

Complete remission of epileptic psychosis after temporal lobectomy: case report

We report a case of a female patient with refractory complex partial seizures since 15 years of age, recurrent postictal psychotic episodes since 35 which evolved to a chronic refractory interictal psychosis and MRI with right mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). After a comprehensive investigation (video-EEG intensive monitoring, interictal and ictal SPECT, and a neuropsychological evaluation including WADA test) she was submitted to a right temporal lobectomy. Since then, she has been seizure-free with remission of psychosis, although with some persistence of personality traits (hiperreligiosity, viscosity) which had been present before surgery. This case supports the idea that temporal lobectomy can be a safe and effective therapeutic measure for patients with MTS, refractory epilepsy and recurrent postictal epileptic psychosis or interictal epileptic psychosis with postictal exacerbation

Dengue: conduta no acompanhamento de pacientes: mais um desafio ao Sistema Único de Saúde / Dengue: conduct in fellow of patients: more a chalenger: for Health Unic System

A dengue é hoje uma doença que acomete quase todo o País e com a qual os profissionais de saúde ainda não estão familiarizados. Em 1996 o Ministério da Saúde lançou o Manual de Dengue, no qual apresenta uma proposta de acompanhamento para os pacientes com suspeita clínica da doença. Objetiva-se, com isso, orientar os médicos do atendimento, do local ideal de atendimento, respeitando-se os níveis de complexidade do sistema de saúde e da doença. A conduta sobre a solicitação de exames, orientações e plano terapêutico e a necessidade de retorno agendado são também abordados. É preciso deixar claro que isto não é uma classificação de doença, mas sim uma proposta de estadiamento do momento em que se observa o paciente, podendo este, durante a evolução da doença, perpassar vários estágios ou não. Será abordada a necessidade de consulta médica, ou seja, deve haver diagnóstico e as consultas subseqüentes. Do ponto de vista de um único paciente isto pode parecer fácil, mas se lembrarmos que estas epidemias são explosivas, que a equipe de saúde ainda tem pouco domínio sobre o manejo destes pacientes e que o sistema de saúde está frágil e sucateado, veremos então o enorme risco para as nossas populações. Este trabalho é o somatório da revisão da literatura e da experiência adquirida no manejo dos pacientes com dengue no Manicípio de Niterói ao longo dos anos

Jogadores patologicos, uma revisao: psicopatologia, quadro clinico e tratamento / Pathological gambling, a review: psychopathology, clinical profile and treatment

Jogo patologico e uma transtorno psiquiatrico cujo diagnostico operacional foi formalizado recentemente. Tambem chamado de jogo compulsivo, esse transtorno e hoje classificado dentre os transtornos do impulso e como tal ainda aguarda melhor caracterizacao psicopatologica. Em decorrencia da exploracao comercial do jogo, a expressao do jogo patologico deve aumentar na populacao, o que impoe a necessidade de superacao da atual falta de informacao e desconhecimento em relacao a esse diagnostico...

Dermatomiosite como síndrome paraneoplásica de carcinoma de pequenas células do pulmão: relato de um caso / Dermatomyositis as paraneoplastic syndrome of a lung neoplasia: case report

Os autores descrevem um caso de dermatomiosite, definida pelos critérios de Bohan e Peter, manifestada como síndrome paraneoplásica está associada a tumores de origem epitelial, sendo a associação relatada pouco comum. São demonstrados os achados de radiologia tumoral

Reconstrução de dente decíduo posterior utilizando fragmento dentário humano: relato de um caso / Use of dental fragment for reconstruction of posterior deciduous tooth: report of a case

Relato de um caso de reconstrução de um dente decíduo posterior, com grande destruição coronária, utilizando-se fragmento proveniente de um dente humano naturalmente esfoliado, associado ao uso de resinas compostas e cimento ionomérico. O resultado obtido foi satisfatório, evidenciando-se acentuadas vantagens sobre as técnicas restauradoras convencionais