Influence of the use of bisphosphonates on the development of postextraction sequelae: Scoping review with mapping evidence of in vivo studies.

OBJECTIVE: To map the current scientific landscape regarding the association/causality of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) after tooth extraction under bisphosphonate (BF) therapy to identify knowledge gaps and guide future research. DATA: This review used the PCC strategy (P = Patient; C = Concept; C = Context). SOURCES: The MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science/Clarivate Analytics, and gray literature databases were used. STUDY SELECTION: Searches were conducted by two independent reviewers until April 2024. Studies involving prior BF use and tooth extraction in humans or animals were included. Among the 176 studies, 73 (41.4 %) were in animals, and 103 (58.5 %) were in humans. Brazil led in animal studies (n = 14; 19.1 %), while Italy led in human studies (n = 14; 13.6 %). Zoledronic acid was the most cited BF (79.4 % in animals; 34.9 % in humans), with intravenous administration being most frequent (38.3 % in animals; 35.9 % in humans). The mandible was the main extraction site (n = 36 in animals; n = 41 in humans). In 91.7 % of the animal studies, sequelae compatible with osteonecrosis signs and symptoms were observed, with bone necrosis being most common (n = 39; 53.4 %). In humans, 93.2 % of studies presented 239 sequelae, with bone necrosis (n = 53; 22.1 %) being the most cited. The main location of sequelae was the mandible (n = 36 in animals; n = 41 in humans). CONCLUSIONS: Animal studies highlighted bone exposure, notably using murine models, with a significant Brazilian contribution. In human studies, bone necrosis was the main sequela of MRONJ, which has been reported by researchers in the Italy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings underscore the importance of careful consideration and monitoring of patients who have a history of bisphosphonate use and who are undergoing tooth extraction, highlighting the potential risk of MRONJ.

In vitro and in situ caries-preventive effect of a new combined fluoride and calcium experimental nanocomposite solution.

To assess the in vitro and in situ effect of experimental combined fluoride and calcium nanocomposite solutions on dental caries prevention. Nanocompound mesoporous silica (MS) with calcium (Ca) and sodium fluoride (NaF) - (MSCaNaF); MS with NaF (MSNaF), NaF solution (positive control), and deionized water (negative control - CG) were studied. The specimens (n=130) were submitted in vitro to a multispecies biofilm in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h and 48 h, the culture medium pH, the percent of surface mineral loss (%SML), and lesion depth (ΔZ) were analyzed. In the in situ study, 10 volunteers participated in four phases of 7-days each. The products were applied on the specimens (n=240) before 20% sucrose solution drips. The polysaccharides (SEPS and IEPS), %SML and roughness (Sa) were evaluated. There was an in vitro decrease in pH values in 24h and 48h, compared to baseline. The MSCaNaF and MSNaF groups obtained lower values of %SML and ΔZ (p < 0.05) than CG and NaF after 24h and were similar to NaF after 48h (p<0.05). In situ results showed similar SEPS and IEPS among all groups after 48h. An after 7-days, the nanocomposites had similar values (p>0.05), while NaF was similar to CG (p>0.05). After 48h, the MSCaNaF and MSNaF reduced the %SML (p<0.05). After 7-days, both experimental nanocomposites were similar to NaF (p>0.05). Regarding Sa, MSCaNaF was better than NaF for both periods (p<0.05). The nanocomposites controlled the in vitro and in situ enamel demineralization, mainly in the initial periods.

In vitro and in situ caries-preventive effect of a new combined fluoride and calcium experimental nanocomposite solution

Abstract To assess the in vitro and in situ effect of experimental combined fluoride and calcium nanocomposite solutions on dental caries prevention. Nanocompound mesoporous silica (MS) with calcium (Ca) and sodium fluoride (NaF) - (MSCaNaF); MS with NaF (MSNaF), NaF solution (positive control), and deionized water (negative control - CG) were studied. The specimens (n=130) were submitted in vitro to a multispecies biofilm in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h and 48 h, the culture medium pH, the percent of surface mineral loss (%SML), and lesion depth (ΔZ) were analyzed. In the in situ study, 10 volunteers participated in four phases of 7-days each. The products were applied on the specimens (n=240) before 20% sucrose solution drips. The polysaccharides (SEPS and IEPS), %SML and roughness (Sa) were evaluated. There was an in vitro decrease in pH values in 24h and 48h, compared to baseline. The MSCaNaF and MSNaF groups obtained lower values of %SML and ΔZ (p < 0.05) than CG and NaF after 24h and were similar to NaF after 48h (p<0.05). In situ results showed similar SEPS and IEPS among all groups after 48h. An after 7-days, the nanocomposites had similar values (p>0.05), while NaF was similar to CG (p>0.05). After 48h, the MSCaNaF and MSNaF reduced the %SML (p<0.05). After 7-days, both experimental nanocomposites were similar to NaF (p>0.05). Regarding Sa, MSCaNaF was better than NaF for both periods (p<0.05). The nanocomposites controlled the in vitro and in situ enamel demineralization, mainly in the initial periods.