Food Additives and Evolved Methods of Detection: A Review.

Food additives are essential constituents of food products in the modern world. The necessity of food processing went up rapidly as to meet requirements including, imparting desirable properties like preservation, enhancement and regulation of color and taste. The methods of identification and analysis of such substances are crucial. With the advancement of technology, a variety of techniques are emerging for this purpose which have many advantages over the existing conventional ways. This review is on different kinds of additives used in the food industry and few prominent methods for their determination ranging from conventional chromatographic techniques to the recently evolved nano-sensor techniques.

A Comprehensive Review on the Electrochemical Sensing of Flavonoids.

Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenolic compounds, widespread in the plant kingdom. Flavonoids possess broad-spectrum pharmacological effects due to their antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-neoplastic, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, and vasodilatory properties. Care must be taken, since excessive consumption of flavonoids may have adverse effects. Therefore, proper identification, quantification and quality evaluations of flavonoids in edible samples are necessary. Electroanalytical approaches have gained much interest for the analysis of redox behavior and quantification of different flavonoids. Compared to various conventional methods, electrochemical techniques for the analysis of flavonoids offer advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, low cost, simplicity, biocompatibility, easy on-site evaluation, high accuracy, reproducibility, wide linearity of detection, and low detection limits. This review article focuses on the developments in electrochemical sensing of different flavonoids with emphasis on electrode modification strategies to boost the electrocatalytic activity and analytical efficiency.

An Insight into Photophysical Investigation of (E)-2-Fluoro-N'-(1-(4-Nitrophenyl)Ethylidene)Benzohydrazide through Solvatochromism Approaches and Computational Studies.

A fluoro-based Schiff base (E)-2-fluoro-N'-(1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (FNEB) has been synthesized from condensation of 2-fluorobenzohydrazide and 4'-nitroacetophenone catalyzed by glacial acetic acid with ethanol as the solvent. The dipole moment of FNEB in both the electronic states were found using different solvatochromic approaches such as Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev, Kawski-Chamma-Viallet, Reichardt and Bilot-Kawski. The experimental ground state dipole moment of FNEB was calculated using Guggenheim-Debye method and theoretical ground state dipole moment using Bilot-Kawski solvatochromic approach. The solvatochromic behavior of the Schiff base in different solvents was studied using absorption and emission spectra. Catalan and Kamlet-Abboud-Taft parameters were used from the multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis in order to study the solute-solvent interaction. The dipole moments were also calculated using Time Dependent-Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). The chemical stability of FNEB was determined using computational and Cyclic Voltammetry by the use of obtained energy gap between the frontier orbitals. Using the frontier orbitals energy gap, global reactivity parameters were computed. Further, Light Harvesting efficiency was determined to comprehend the photovoltaic property of the Schiff base.