An in-vitro evaluation of antifungal, anti-lungcancer (A549), and anti-hyperglycemic activities potential of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) flower extract.

The medical plant research has received more attention among researchers especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. This research performed to evaluate the antifungal, anti-lung cancer (A549), and anti-hyperglycemic activities of aqueous extract of Andrographis paniculata flower. Interestingly, A. paniculata flower aqueous extract contains pharmaceutically valuable phytochemicals such as alkaloid, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and protein. It also showed fine antifungal activity against test fungal pathogens in the following order as: Aspergillus niger > Fusarium solani > Trichoderma harzianum > A. parasiticus > P. expansum > Penicillium janthinellum with lowest MIC values as ranged from 100 to 300 µg mL-1. Interestingly, this aqueous extract also showed considerable anti-lung cancer activity, evidenced by dose and time dependent lung cancer cell line (A549) growth/proliferation inhibition/cytotoxicity activity (65%) at 300 µg mL-1 concentration. This can be achieved by plant extract through inducing the secretion of apoptosis related proteins such as TNF α, IFN-γ, and interleukin 2 leads to apoptosis in A549 cells. It also showed fine anti-diabetic activity by inhibiting α -amylase (58.41%) than α-glucosidase (54.74%) at 200 µg mL-1 concentration. The UV as well as FTIR results demonstrated that the aqueous extract of A. paniculata flower contains pharmaceutically valuable bioactive compounds, which may be responsible for the wide range of biomedical applications.

Impact on degradation of antibiotics from poultry litter using Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD).

Tetracycline (TC) is one of the common antibiotics which is widely used in livestock growth promotion. The prevalent application TC may pave way to progression of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The main objective of this study is to determine the effect of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion (ATAD) on the fate of TC residues found in digested poultry litter. For the determination of TC in poultry litter, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were done. TLC result revealed that the Rf value of standard TC on TLC plate was 0.97 which correlates with the Rf value of TC at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h of digested poultry litter sample and not at 48, 60 and 72 h. HPLC chromatogram revealed that the limits of detection and the recovery were 5 µg/kg and 96% for standard TC. Linear correlation curves were obtained over the series of 100-500 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.996 and the calibration curve was Y = 0.001X + 0.066. These results confirmed the degradation of TC in ATAD digestion of poultry litter by abiotic processes.