Genomic profiling of Mycosis Fungoides identifies patients at high risk of disease progression.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most prevalent primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with an indolent or aggressive course and poor survival. The pathogenesis of MF remains unclear, and prognostic factors in the early stages are not well-established. Here, we characterized the most recurrent genomic alterations using whole-exome sequencing of 67 samples from 48 patients from Lille University Hospital (France), including 18 sequential samples drawn across stages of the malignancy. Genomic data were analyzed on the Broad Institute's Terra bioinformatics platform. We found that gain7q, gain10p15.1 (IL2RA and IL15RA), del10p11.22 (ZEB1), or mutations in JUNB and TET2 are associated with high-risk disease stages. Furthermore, gain7q, gain10p15.1 (IL2RA and IL15RA), del10p11.22 (ZEB1), and del6q16.3 (TNFAIP3) are coupled with shorter survival. Del6q16.3 (TNFAIP3) was a risk factor for progression in low-risk patients. By analyzing the clonal heterogeneity and the clonal evolution of the cohort, we defined different phylogenetic pathways of the disease with acquisition of JUNB, gain10p15.1 (IL2RA and IL15RA), or del12p13.1 (CDKN1B) at progression. These results establish the genomics and clonality of MF and identify potential patients at risk of progression, independent of their clinical stage.

Experiences in the reconstruction of untreated severe obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter injuries.

OBJECTIVE: Summarize information on reconstruction possibilities of extensive obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter injuries. METHODS: Review of available information on the possibilities of reconstruction of severe obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter and comparison with own results in the developing countries. CONCLUSION: Extensive obstetrical injuries of the perineum are major problem that require adequate and early treatment. In the developing countries, perineum dehiscence and the subsequent development of anal incontinence occur much more often. Even after several years, however, there is hope for an improvement in the condition if an adequate suture is performed.

Puerperal uterine inversion managed by the uterine balloon tamponade.

The uterine inversion is a rare and severe puerperal complication. Uncontrolled cord traction and uterine expression are the common causes described. We report a case of uterine inversion stage III caused by poor management of the third stage of labor. It was about a 20 years old primigravida referred in our unit for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony. After manual reduction of the uterus, the use of intra uterine balloon tamponade helped to stop the hemorrhage. The uterine inversion is a rare complication that may cause maternal death. The diagnosis is clinical and its management must be immediate to avoid maternal complications.

[Impact of AQUASOU: a practice-based research program at the Rufisque Health Centre, Senegal]. / Impact d'AQUASOU: un programme de recherche-action au Centre de Santé de Rufisque, Sénégal.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the inadequacy of preventive strategies to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, the current priority concerns emergency obstetric and neonatal care, as defined in the Improvement of the Quality and Access to Emergency Obstetric Healthcare programme (AQUASOU). The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the AQUASOU programme on improved availability and quality of healthcare in the Rufisque Health District in Senegal. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a qualitative and operational descriptive study evaluating the activities of the AQUASOU programme between May 2004 and December 2007: observation of Prenatal Consultations, supervision of emergency care, organization of "mirror meetings" and medical evacuation audits. The periods before and after setting-up of the programme were compared. RESULTS: These various activities had a real impact on indicators of accessibility and availability of healthcare. A consultation framework based on the principle of feedback control and a "practice review" approach allowed an improvement of the quality of care. The number of deliveries increased by 60%. The annual surgical activity was increased sevenfold and the number of evacuations to more specialised structures was decreased (0.4% versus 9.6%), while evacuations admitted to the local structure increased. The maternal mortality rate decreased from 656 to 435 per 100,000 live births. The stillbirth rate decreased from 51 to 56 per thousand. The leading causes of death were bleeding complications (mortality of 3.7%) and paroxysmal complications of hypertension (mortality of 2.7%).