1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5,-e]furazano[3,4,-b]pyrazine 6-oxide--a fused heterocycle with a roving hydrogen forms a new class of insensitive energetic materials.

The straightforward synthesis and energetic properties of a new class of energetic materials, 1,2,3-triazolo- [4,5-e]furazano[3,4-b]pyrazine 6-oxide and its energetic salts are described. They were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction are given. The X-ray structures show that in the title compound, the hydrogen atom is bonded to the nitrogen in the pyrazine ring; however, in the salts, the negative charge is associated with the triazole nitrogen. Heats of formation for all compounds were calculated with the G2 method and then combined with experimentally determined densities to obtain detonation pressures (P) and velocities (D) by using EXPLO5 program. These new materials exhibit good densities and thermal stabilities, high heats of formation, acceptable detonation properties, and are insensitive to impact.

Tris(triazolo)benzene and its derivatives: high-density energetic materials.

High-performance explosives: Tris(triazolo)benzene was synthesized and converted to its trinitro and trichloro derivatives (see scheme; R=NO(2), Cl). The heats of formation of this "high-nitrogen" compounds were calculated and combined with experimentally determined densities to determine detonation pressures and velocities. They exhibit high density, good thermal stability, high heats of formation, and moderate to good detonation properties.

Synthesis and promising properties of a new family of high-density energetic salts of 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 5,5'-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3'-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazole.

Salts of trinitromethyl-substituted triazoles, 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 5,5'-bis(trinitromethyl)-3,3'-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazole (5), form a new class of highly dense energetic materials. Single-crystal X-ray structuring supports the formation of the cocrystal of 5 with 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, which was found to be remarkably less impact-sensitive than the azo precursor. The compounds were fully characterized using IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on heats of formation calculated with Gaussian 03 and combined with experimentally determined densities, detonation properties of the energetic materials obtained with the EXPLO5 program identify them as potentially explosive compounds. They exhibit high density, moderate to good thermal stability, acceptable oxygen balance, reasonable heat of formation, and excellent detonation properties, which in some cases are superior to those of 1,3,5,-trinitrotriazacyclohexane (RDX).

Trinitromethyl-substituted 5-nitro- or 3-azo-1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties.

Various new polynitro-1,2,4-triazoles containing a trinitromethyl group were synthesized by straightforward routes. These high nitrogen and oxygen-rich compounds were fully characterized using IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and, in the case of 12, with single crystal X-ray structuring. The heats of formation for all compounds were calculated with Gaussian 03 (revision D.01) and then combined with experimentally determined densities to determine detonation pressures (P) and velocities (D) of the energetic materials (Cheetah 5.0). They exhibit high density, good thermal stability, acceptable oxygen balance, positive heat of formation, and excellent detonation properties, which, in some cases, are superior to those of TNT, RDX, and HMX.