Advances in Cardiac Organoids.

Cardiovascular diseases rank as the leading cause of death worldwide and are a major contributor to disability, posing a significant threat to human health. Organoids offer a partial simulation of the structure and function of the tissue of origin. It is a promising model that can supplement the disadvantages of two-dimensional culture and animal models. Due to the complexity of heart development, the research of cardiac organoids is still maturing. The advancement of technology has helped address certain challenges, but it has also unveiled new issues and complexities. This paper summarizes the application of organoids technology in the cardiovascular field, the common construction methods of cardiac organoids, and the latest progress of cardiac organoids in the fields of disease model construction, cardiac development research, drug research, and regenerative medicine. The future development and challenges of cardiac organoids are also addressed.

Interfacial engineering of CoP/CoS2 heterostructure for efficiently electrocatalytic pH-universal hydrogen production.

The design and development of high-performance, low-cost catalysts with long-term durability are crucial for hydrogen generation from water electrolysis. Interfacial engineering is an appealing strategy to boost the catalytic performance of electrode materials toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a simple phosphidation followed by sulfidation treatment to construct heterogeneous cobalt phosphide-cobalt sulfide nanowire arrays on carbon cloth (CoP/CoS2/CC). When evaluated as catalysts toward the HER, the resultant CoP/CoS2/CC exhibits efficient pH-universal hydrogen production due to the heterostructure, synergistic contribution of CoP and CoS2, and conductive substrate. To attain a current density of 10 mA cm-2, overpotentials of only 111.2, 58.1, and 182.9 mV for CoP/CoS2/CC are required under alkaline, acidic, and neutral conditions, respectively. In particular, the as-prepared CoP/CoS2/CC shows markedly improved HER electroactivity in 1.0 M KOH, even outperforming commercial Pt-C/CC at a current density of >50 mA cm-2. In addition, the self-assembled CoP/CoS2||NiFe layered double hydroxide electrolyzer demonstrates efficient catalytic performance and long-time stability, excelling the benchmark Pt-C||IrO2. These findings indicate an effective pathway for the fabrication of high-performance heterogeneous electrocatalysts for hydrogen production in the future.