RESUMO
Quantum EXPRESSO is an integrated suite of open-source computer codes for quantum simulations of materials using state-of-the-art electronic-structure techniques, based on density-functional theory, density-functional perturbation theory, and many-body perturbation theory, within the plane-wave pseudopotential and projector-augmented-wave approaches. Quantum EXPRESSO owes its popularity to the wide variety of properties and processes it allows to simulate, to its performance on an increasingly broad array of hardware architectures, and to a community of researchers that rely on its capabilities as a core open-source development platform to implement their ideas. In this paper we describe recent extensions and improvements, covering new methodologies and property calculators, improved parallelization, code modularization, and extended interoperability both within the distribution and with external software.
RESUMO
We investigate the temporal evolution of the electronic states at the bismuth (111) surface by means of time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The binding energy of bulklike bands oscillates with the frequency of the A(1g) phonon mode, whereas surface states are insensitive to the coherent displacement of the lattice. A strong dependence of the oscillation amplitude on the electronic wave vector is correctly reproduced by ab initio calculations of electron-phonon coupling. Besides these oscillations, all the electronic states also display a photoinduced shift towards higher binding energy whose dynamics follows the evolution of the electronic temperature.