Evaluation of Iontophoresis as a Tool in Comparison to Topical Remineralization Systems by Transverse Microradiography and Polarized Light Microscopy: An In Vitro Study.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (GC Tooth Mousse) and tricalcium phosphate formulation (Clinpro) by topical application and iontophoresis. Background: Noninvasive treatment of dental caries is a major advance in the clinical management of the disease. Materials and methods: A total of 20 primary anterior and 20 primary molars were included in the study to be analyzed by transverse microradiography (TMR) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The samples were coated with acid-resistant varnish, leaving a window on the buccal/lingual surface of enamel and immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. Each sample was coated with varnish on the left half (control), and the right half served as a test. All the samples were divided into four groups. The test windows of specimens in groups I (GC Tooth Mousse) and II (Clinpro) were subjected to remineralization treatments for 10 days. Similarly, groups III and IV were subjected to iontophoresis using GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro for 7 minutes. The samples were analyzed by TMR and PLM. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean difference of mineral loss among the four groups. There was a significant difference in the mean difference of lesion depth among the four groups. Conclusion: Both iontophoresis and topical application were equally efficient, but one remineralization by iontophoresis equals 10 topical applications. How to cite this article: VC R, Muppa R, Nallanchakrava S, et al. Evaluation of Iontophoresis as a Tool in Comparison to Topical Remineralization Systems by Transverse Microradiography and Polarized Light Microscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S85-S90.

Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome.

AIM: The goal of the study was to detect the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1ß and to estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of children with Down syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MIP-1α and MIP-1ß levels were estimated in GCF samples of 20 healthy and 20 Down syndrome individuals. Gingival status was assessed by measuring the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD).The GCF samples were obtained from the subjects and MIP-1α and MIP-1ß levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy and Down syndrome individuals were 209 and 1411 pg/µL respectively, and MIP-1α levels were 342 and 1404 pg/µL respectively.The levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1ß in the GCF of subjects with Down syndrome were significantly higher than in the healthy individual, and statistically significant differences were present among the two groups. CONCLUSION: The GCF showed dynamic changes according to the severity of periodontal disease, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1ß had a strong relationship with clinical parameters. The MIP-1α and MIP-1ß can therefore be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the patho-genesis of periodontal disease.How to cite this article: Reddy VK, Kommineni NK, Padakandla P, Togaru H, Indupalli JP, Nanga SP. Evaluation of Chemokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Children with Down Syndrome. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):288-293.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Success of Two commercially Available Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy agents by clinical and radiological assessments in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 90 decayed primary molars indicated for pulpotomy were chosen and are divided into two groups. Soft enamel and dentinal caries were removed using spoon excavator. Access opening was done using highspeed cool water handpiece. Normal saline was used to irrigate pulp chamber, later saline moistened cotton pellet was used to obtain hemostasis in both groups. Restorations were placed in respective groups and immediate postoperative radiographs were taken. Follow-ups were done at every 3 months intervals, i.e., 3, 6, 9, and 12 months respectively. RESULTS: Statistical evaluation was carried out by using paired t-test which showed no significant difference between the two groups (p ≥ 0.05) with high success rate of 95.5%. CONCLUSION: Pulpotomy with MTA and Biodentine is a reliable biological method for pulp treatment of primary teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine could be considered as a reliable biological method for pulp-otomy of primary teeth.

Evaluation of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid in children with band and loop space maintainers: A clinico-biochemical study.

BACKGROUND: Chemokines are pro-inflammatory cells that can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection. AIM: This study was conducted to detect the presence of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and 1ß (MIP-1ß) and estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with band and loop space maintainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MIP-1α and MIP-1ß levels were estimated in GCF samples from twenty healthy children and twenty children with band and loop space maintainers. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring gingival index, plaque index, and Russell's periodontal index. The GCF samples were quantified by ELISA, and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1ß were determined. RESULTS: The mean MIP-1α concentrations in healthy children and those with space maintainers were 395.75 pg/µl and 857.85 pg/µl, respectively, and MIP-1ß was 342.55 pg/µl and 685.25 pg/µl, respectively. MIP-1α and MIP-1ß levels in GCF from children with space maintainers were significantly higher than in the healthy group, and statistically significant difference existed between these two groups. CONCLUSION: MIP-1α and MIP-1ß can be considered as novel biomarkers in the biological mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children with space maintainers.

Evaluation of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid in children with dental caries and stainless steel crowns: A clinico-biochemical study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to detect the presence of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and MIP-1ß and estimate their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with dental caries and stainless steel crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 children with primary dentition were selected and categorized into four groups with twenty in each group; Group 1 - healthy subjects, Group 2 - dental caries, Group 3 - dental caries involving the pulp, and Group 4 - stainless steel crowns. GCF samples were collected by an extra-crevicular method with microcapillary pipettes. The GCF samples were quantified by ELISA and the levels of MIP-1α and MIP-1ß were determined. RESULTS: MIP-1α and MIP-1ß were detected in all the samples. Highest mean concentration in GCF was obtained for Group 3 followed by Groups 2 and 4 while the lowest concentration was seen in Group 1. This suggests that MIP-1α and MIP-1ß levels in GCF increased proportionately with the inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: GCF serves as a noninvasive diagnostic fluid to measure biomarkers released during dental caries initiation and progression. MIP-1α and MIP-1ß chemokines can be considered as novel biomarkers, in biological mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and inflammation in children with dental caries and stainless steel crowns.