The first WHO global survey on infection prevention and control in health-care facilities.

BACKGROUND: WHO core components for infection prevention and control (IPC) are important building blocks for effective IPC programmes. To our knowledge, we did the first WHO global survey to assess implementation of these programmes in health-care facilities. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, IPC professionals were invited through global outreach and national coordinated efforts to complete the online WHO IPC assessment framework (IPCAF). The survey was created in English and was then translated into ten languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish, and Thai. Post-stratification weighting was applied and countries with low response rates were excluded to improve representativeness. Weighted median scores and IQRs as well as weighted proportions (Nw) meeting defined IPCAF minimum requirements were reported. Indicators associated with the IPCAF score were assessed using a generalised estimating equation. FINDINGS: From Jan 16 to Dec 31, 2019, 4440 responses were received from 81 countries. The overall weighted IPCAF median score indicated an advanced level of implementation (605, IQR 450·4-705·0), but significantly lower scores were found in low-income (385, 279·7-442·9) and lower-middle-income countries (500·4, 345·0-657·5), and public facilities (515, 385-637·8). Core component 8 (built environment; 90·0, IQR 75·0-100·0) and core component 2 (guidelines; 87·5, 70·0-97·5) scored the highest, and core component 7 (workload, staffing, and bed occupancy; 70·0, 50-90) and core component 3 (education and training; 70 ·0, 50·0-85·0) scored the lowest. Overall, only 15·2% (Nw: 588 of 3873) of facilities met all IPCAF minimum requirements, ranging from 0% (0 of 417) in low-income countries to 25·6% (278 of 1087) in primary facilities, 9% (24 of 268) in secondary facilities, and 19% (18 of 95) in tertiary facilities in high-income countries. INTERPRETATION: Despite an overall high IPCAF score globally, important gaps in IPC facility implementation and core components across income levels hinder IPC progress. Increased support for more effective and sustainable IPC programmes is crucial to reduce risks posed by outbreaks to global health security and to ensure patient and health worker safety. FUNDING: WHO and the Infection Control Programme, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine. TRANSLATIONS: For the French and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

INNERVATION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE MOTOR BRANCHES IN THE FOREARM AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the anatomical variations of the median nerve motor branches in the elbow region. METHODS: Twenty upper limbs of 10 adult male cadavers were prepared by intra-arterial injection of a solution of 10% glycerol and formaldehyde. All cadavers belonged to the institution anatomy laboratory. RESULTS: We found a great variability within the distribution of median nerve branches leading to forearm muscles. Only three limbs (14%) presented the normal standard of innervation described in anatomy treatises. The pronator teres muscle (PTM), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus (PL), and the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) received exclusive innervation from the median nerve in all forearms. The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) also originated from the median nerve in all dissected limbs. CONCLUSION: A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the median nerve branches is important for performing surgeries such as: approach to the proximal third of the forearm, alleviation of pronator teres and anterior interosseous nerve compression syndromes, and distal nerve transfers. It also enables a better understanding the recovery of muscle function after a nerve injury. Level of Evidence IV, Case series.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as variações anatômicas dos ramos motores do nervo mediano na região do cotovelo. Avaliamos origem, curso, comprimento, terminações nervosas dos ramos e suas relações com estruturas vizinhas. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 20 membros de 10 cadáveres adultos dissecados, preparados por injeção intra-arterial com solução de glicerina e formol a 10%. Todos do sexo masculino, pertencentes ao laboratório de anatomia da instituição. RESULTADOS: O primeiro ramo do nervo mediano no antebraço foi o músculo pronador redondo. A distribuição dos ramos do nervo mediano para os músculos do antebraço mostrou grande variabilidade. Apenas 3 membros (14%) apresentaram padrão normal de inervação descrito nos tratados de anatomia. Os músculos pronador redondo, flexor radial do carpo, palmar longo e flexor superficial dos dedos receberam inervação exclusiva do nervo mediano em todos os antebraços. O nervo interósseo anterior originou-se do nervo mediano nos membros dissecados. CONCLUSÃO: Conhecer a anatomia dos ramos motores do nervo mediano é importante para realizar procedimentos cirúrgicos na região como a abordagem do terço proximal do antebraço, por exemplo a liberação das síndromes compressivas do pronador redondo e do nervo interósseo anterior; as transferências nervosas distais; também entender a ordem de recuperação da função muscular após uma lesão nervosa. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de casos.

Tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus by age group in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2007-2014.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has important implications for tuberculosis (TB), as it increases the risk for disease activation and is associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. This study analyzed the association between TB and DM (TBDM) in Brazil from 2007 to 2014. This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in 709,429 new cases of TB reported to the national disease notification system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sociodemographic and clinical data, test results, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. TBDM was found in 6.0% of TB cases, mostly in men aged 18-59 years. The lethality rate was 5.1% higher in all age groups with diabetes, except in those older than 60 years of age. The frequency of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients with DM was higher in those without DM, with a 1.6- to 3.8-fold increase in the odds of MDR-TB. The elderly showed an increase in the prevalence of TBDM from 14.3% to 18.2%. Women were more likely to have DM, and elderly women had 41.0% greater chance of having DM. Relapse was significant among patients younger than 17 years of age. TBDM was high in Brazil, affected all age groups, and was associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. We emphasize the need for strategies for the clinical management of diabetic tuberculosis patients in Brazil aiming at minimizing relapses, deaths, and MDR-TB.

Tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus by age group in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2007-2014

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) has important implications for tuberculosis (TB), as it increases the risk for disease activation and is associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. This study analyzed the association between TB and DM (TBDM) in Brazil from 2007 to 2014. This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in 709,429 new cases of TB reported to the national disease notification system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sociodemographic and clinical data, test results, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. TBDM was found in 6.0% of TB cases, mostly in men aged 18-59 years. The lethality rate was 5.1% higher in all age groups with diabetes, except in those older than 60 years of age. The frequency of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in patients with DM was higher in those without DM, with a 1.6- to 3.8-fold increase in the odds of MDR-TB. The elderly showed an increase in the prevalence of TBDM from 14.3% to 18.2%. Women were more likely to have DM, and elderly women had 41.0% greater chance of having DM. Relapse was significant among patients younger than 17 years of age. TBDM was high in Brazil, affected all age groups, and was associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. We emphasize the need for strategies for the clinical management of diabetic tuberculosis patients in Brazil aiming at minimizing relapses, deaths, and MDR-TB.

[Infectious and parasitic diseases in Brazil, 2010 to 2017: considerations for surveillanceEnfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias en Brasil de 2010 a 2017: aspectos para la vigilancia sanitaria]. / Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil de 2010 a 2017: aspectos para vigilância em saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To present a method to identify critical areas for selected infectious and parasitic diseases for the purpose of health surveillance and to analyze the association between these critical areas and poverty indicators in Brazil. METHOD: The following incidence rates were mapped: dengue, acute Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, Hansen's disease, hepatitis A, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, malaria, and tuberculosis. The analyses were performed for the period from 2010 to 2017 based on a synthetic indicator calculated as the mean of mean incidence coefficients for each disorder, normalized by the mean and standard deviation during the period of analysis. A 2014 population estimate was used. The calculated coefficients were stratified for classification of municipalities into very high, high, medium, low, or very low criticality according to each disorder. Indicators expressing several socioeconomic dimensions and space segregation in Brazilian municipalities were also selected and tested regarding their association with the transmission of the diseases under study. RESULTS: The indicator showed that 40.5% of Brazilian municipalities had high criticality for the diseases of interest, especially in the North, parts of the Northeast, and Midwest. Indicators "proportion of poverty," "garbage in surroundings," and "families headed by women" increased the chance of higher criticality for the diseases. The indicator "adequate sewer system" was a potential protection factor. CONCLUSIONS: The technique used was adequate to guide surveillance actions in the country and allows articulation between local surveillance efforts and other sectors to resolve health problems caused by infectious and parasitic diseases and associated factors.

OBJETIVO: Presentar un método para identificar áreas críticas relacionadas con ciertas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias con fines de vigilancia sanitaria y analizar su asociación con los indicadores de pobreza en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se cartografiaron las tasas de incidencia de dengue, enfermedad de Chagas aguda, esquistosomiasis, lepra, hepatitis A, leishmaniasis cutánea, leishmaniasis visceral, leptospirosis, malaria y tuberculosis. Se efectuaron análisis para los años 2010 a 2017 a partir de un indicador de síntesis, calculado como el promedio de los coeficientes de incidencia promedio para cada enfermedad, normalizado por la media y la desviación estándar durante el período analizado. La base de población estimada fue la de 2014. Los coeficientes calculados se estratificaron para clasificar los municipios según presentaran una situación crítica muy alta, alta, media, baja o muy baja para cada enfermedad. Se seleccionaron también indicadores de diferentes dimensiones que expresaran las desigualdades socioeconómicas y la segregación espacial en los municipios brasileños, y se evaluó su asociación con las enfermedades estudiadas. RESULTADOS: El indicador demostró que el 40,5% de los municipios brasileños presentan una situación crítica alta, en especial en las regiones Norte y Centro-oeste y parte del Nordeste. Los indicadores "proporción de pobreza", "basura en los alrededores", "aguas servidas en los alrededores" y "familias encabezadas por mujeres" pueden aumentar la posibilidad de que la localidad presente una situación más crítica para las enfermedades. El indicador "red cloacal adecuada" puede considerarse un potencial factor de protección. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica utilizada fue adecuada para orientar las acciones de vigilancia sanitaria en el país y permite la articulación entre la vigilancia local y otros sectores para evitar los problemas de salud causados por las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias y los factores relacionados.

Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil de 2010 a 2017: aspectos para vigilância em saúde / Infectious and parasitic diseases in Brazil, 2010 to 2017: considerations for surveillance / Enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias en Brasil de 2010 a 2017: aspectos para la vigilancia sanitaria

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar um método para identificar áreas críticas relativas a doenças infecciosas e parasitárias selecionadas para fins de vigilância em saúde, analisando a sua associação a indicadores de pobreza no Brasil. Métodos. Foram mapeadas as taxas de incidência de dengue, doença de Chagas aguda, esquistossomose, hanseníase, hepatite A, leishmaniose tegumentar, leishmaniose visceral, leptospirose, malária e tuberculose. Foram realizadas análises para os anos de 2010 a 2017 a partir de um indicador síntese, calculado como a média dos coeficientes médios de incidência para cada agravo normalizada pela média e desvio padrão durante o período analisado. A estimativa da base populacional foi de 2014. Os coeficientes calculados foram estratificados para classificação dos municípios em criticidade muito alta, alta, média, baixa ou muito baixa conforme cada doença. Também foram selecionados indicadores de diferentes dimensões que expressassem desigualdades socioeconômicas e segregação espacial nos municípios brasileiros, sendo testada a sua associação às doenças em estudo. Resultados. O indicador mostrou que 40,5% dos municípios brasileiros apresentam alta criticidade, sobretudo nas regiões Norte, parte do Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. Os indicadores "proporção de pobreza", "lixo no entorno", "esgoto no entorno" e "famílias chefiadas por mulheres" podem aumentar a chance de a localidade apresentar maior criticidade para as doenças. O indicador "esgoto adequado" pode ser considerado potencial fator de proteção. Conclusões. A técnica utilizada foi adequada para orientar ações de vigilância no país e permite a articulação entre vigilâncias locais e demais setores para contornar os problemas de saúde causados por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias e fatores relacionados.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective. To present a method to identify critical areas for selected infectious and parasitic diseases for the purpose of health surveillance and to analyze the association between these critical areas and poverty indicators in Brazil. Method. The following incidence rates were mapped: dengue, acute Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, Hansen's disease, hepatitis A, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, malaria, and tuberculosis. The analyses were performed for the period from 2010 to 2017 based on a synthetic indicator calculated as the mean of mean incidence coefficients for each disorder, normalized by the mean and standard deviation during the period of analysis. A 2014 population estimate was used. The calculated coefficients were stratified for classification of municipalities into very high, high, medium, low, or very low criticality according to each disorder. Indicators expressing several socioeconomic dimensions and space segregation in Brazilian municipalities were also selected and tested regarding their association with the transmission of the diseases under study. Results. The indicator showed that 40.5% of Brazilian municipalities had high criticality for the diseases of interest, especially in the North, parts of the Northeast, and Midwest. Indicators "proportion of poverty," "garbage in surroundings," and "families headed by women" increased the chance of higher criticality for the diseases. The indicator "adequate sewer system" was a potential protection factor. Conclusions. The technique used was adequate to guide surveillance actions in the country and allows articulation between local surveillance efforts and other sectors to resolve health problems caused by infectious and parasitic diseases and associated factors.(AU)

RESUMEN Objetivo. Presentar un método para identificar áreas críticas relacionadas con ciertas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias con fines de vigilancia sanitaria y analizar su asociación con los indicadores de pobreza en Brasil. Métodos. Se cartografiaron las tasas de incidencia de dengue, enfermedad de Chagas aguda, esquistosomiasis, lepra, hepatitis A, leishmaniasis cutánea, leishmaniasis visceral, leptospirosis, malaria y tuberculosis. Se efectuaron análisis para los años 2010 a 2017 a partir de un indicador de síntesis, calculado como el promedio de los coeficientes de incidencia promedio para cada enfermedad, normalizado por la media y la desviación estándar durante el período analizado. La base de población estimada fue la de 2014. Los coeficientes calculados se estratificaron para clasificar los municipios según presentaran una situación crítica muy alta, alta, media, baja o muy baja para cada enfermedad. Se seleccionaron también indicadores de diferentes dimensiones que expresaran las desigualdades socioeconómicas y la segregación espacial en los municipios brasileños, y se evaluó su asociación con las enfermedades estudiadas. Resultados. El indicador demostró que el 40,5% de los municipios brasileños presentan una situación crítica alta, en especial en las regiones Norte y Centro-oeste y parte del Nordeste. Los indicadores "proporción de pobreza", "basura en los alrededores", "aguas servidas en los alrededores" y "familias encabezadas por mujeres" pueden aumentar la posibilidad de que la localidad presente una situación más crítica para las enfermedades. El indicador "red cloacal adecuada" puede considerarse un potencial factor de protección. Conclusiones. La técnica utilizada fue adecuada para orientar las acciones de vigilancia sanitaria en el país y permite la articulación entre la vigilancia local y otros sectores para evitar los problemas de salud causados por las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias y los factores relacionados.(AU)

[Brazilian National Registry of Healthcare Establishments as a tool for the analysis of decentralization of tuberculosis treatment to basic care services]. / Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde como ferramenta de análise da descentralização do atendimento da tuberculose para a atenção básica.

This study aimed to validate a method for classification of healthcare services in Brazil (basic care vs. other levels) and describe the decentralization of tuberculosis (TB) care to basic services (2002 to 2016). The healthcare services that reported and followed TB cases were classified as either "basic care" or "other levels" based on the type of establishment registered in the Brazilian National Registry of Healthcare Establishments (CNES, in Portuguese). The study estimated the agreement between this classification with a previous classification performed in 2013 by Brazil's state and local tuberculosis programs. Using the CNES registry, the authors then calculated the percentage of TB patients treated in basic care from 2002 to 2016. Agreement was 94.4%, and overall kappa index was 0.86. There was a relative increment of 31.2% in TB care provided by basic services (from 50.9% in 2002 to 66.8% in 2016). All regions of Brazil showed an increase in this percentage, except the South. The classification based on the CNES registry allowed analyzing the trend in decentralization of TB treatment to basic healthcare services in Brazil.

Os objetivos deste artigo foram validar um método de classificação dos serviços de saúde (atenção básica vs. outros níveis) e descrever a descentralização do atendimento da tuberculose (TB) para a atenção básica no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2016. Os serviços de saúde que notificaram e acompanharam pessoas com TB foram classificados como "atenção básica" ou "outros níveis", considerando-se o tipo de estabelecimento registrado no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Foi estimada a concordância entre essa classificação e uma realizada em 2013 pelos programas estaduais e municipais de TB. Posteriormente, utilizando-se o CNES, calculou-se o percentual de pessoas com TB atendidas na atenção básica no período de 2002 a 2016. A concordância foi de 94,4% e o índice kappa global foi 0,86. Houve um incremento relativo de 31,2% do atendimento de TB na atenção básica (50,9% em 2002 para 66,8% em 2016). Todas as regiões apresentaram aumento desse percentual, exceto a Região Sul. A classificação baseada no CNES permitiu analisar a evolução da descentralização do atendimento da TB para a atenção básica no Brasil.

Los objetivos de este artículo fueron validar un método de clasificación de los servicios de salud (atención básica vs. otros niveles) y describir la descentralización del cuidado de la tuberculosis (TB) hacia los servicios de atención básica en Brasil, durante el período de 2002 a 2016. Los servicios de salud que notificaron y efectuaron el seguimiento a personas con TB fueron clasificados como "atención básica" u "otros niveles", considerándose el tipo de establecimiento registrado en el Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud (CNES). Se estimó la concordancia entre esta clasificación y una realizada en 2013 por los programas estatales y municipales de TB. Posteriormente, utilizando el CNES, se calculó el porcentaje de personas con TB atendidas en la atención básica durante el período de 2002 a 2016. La concordancia fue de 94,4% y el índice kappa global fue 0,86. Hubo un incremento relativo de un 31,2% del manejo de la TB en la atención básica (de un 50,9% en 2002 hasta un 66,8% en 2016). Todas las regiones presentaron un aumento de ese porcentaje, excepto la región Sur. La clasificación, basada en el CNES, permitió analizar la evolución de la descentralización del manejo de la TB hacia la atención básica en Brasil.

Second month sputum smear as a predictor of tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The value of sputum smear microscopy (SSM) after 2 months of treatment in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis is controversial. We analysed second month-SSM conversion as a predictor of treatment success in Brazil. RESULTS: Overall successful outcome rate was 89.4%. The predictive value of second month-SSM conversion for successful outcomes was 85.2% 72,479/85,118), while the predictive value of non-conversion for unfavourable outcomes was 26.9% (2712/10,071). Unfavourable treatment outcomes were twice more likely among patients who did not convert (adjusted OR = 2.06; 1.97-2.16).

Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde como ferramenta de análise da descentralização do atendimento da tuberculose para a atenção básica / Brazilian National Registry of Healthcare Establishments as a tool for the analysis of decentralization of tuberculosis treatment to basic care services / Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud como herramienta de análisis de la descentralización de la atención a la tuberculosis en la atención básica

Resumo: Os objetivos deste artigo foram validar um método de classificação dos serviços de saúde (atenção básica vs. outros níveis) e descrever a descentralização do atendimento da tuberculose (TB) para a atenção básica no Brasil no período de 2002 a 2016. Os serviços de saúde que notificaram e acompanharam pessoas com TB foram classificados como "atenção básica" ou "outros níveis", considerando-se o tipo de estabelecimento registrado no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Foi estimada a concordância entre essa classificação e uma realizada em 2013 pelos programas estaduais e municipais de TB. Posteriormente, utilizando-se o CNES, calculou-se o percentual de pessoas com TB atendidas na atenção básica no período de 2002 a 2016. A concordância foi de 94,4% e o índice kappa global foi 0,86. Houve um incremento relativo de 31,2% do atendimento de TB na atenção básica (50,9% em 2002 para 66,8% em 2016). Todas as regiões apresentaram aumento desse percentual, exceto a Região Sul. A classificação baseada no CNES permitiu analisar a evolução da descentralização do atendimento da TB para a atenção básica no Brasil.

Abstract: This study aimed to validate a method for classification of healthcare services in Brazil (basic care vs. other levels) and describe the decentralization of tuberculosis (TB) care to basic services (2002 to 2016). The healthcare services that reported and followed TB cases were classified as either "basic care" or "other levels" based on the type of establishment registered in the Brazilian National Registry of Healthcare Establishments (CNES, in Portuguese). The study estimated the agreement between this classification with a previous classification performed in 2013 by Brazil's state and local tuberculosis programs. Using the CNES registry, the authors then calculated the percentage of TB patients treated in basic care from 2002 to 2016. Agreement was 94.4%, and overall kappa index was 0.86. There was a relative increment of 31.2% in TB care provided by basic services (from 50.9% in 2002 to 66.8% in 2016). All regions of Brazil showed an increase in this percentage, except the South. The classification based on the CNES registry allowed analyzing the trend in decentralization of TB treatment to basic healthcare services in Brazil.

Resumen: Los objetivos de este artículo fueron validar un método de clasificación de los servicios de salud (atención básica vs. otros niveles) y describir la descentralización del cuidado de la tuberculosis (TB) hacia los servicios de atención básica en Brasil, durante el período de 2002 a 2016. Los servicios de salud que notificaron y efectuaron el seguimiento a personas con TB fueron clasificados como "atención básica" u "otros niveles", considerándose el tipo de establecimiento registrado en el Registro Nacional de Establecimientos de Salud (CNES). Se estimó la concordancia entre esta clasificación y una realizada en 2013 por los programas estatales y municipales de TB. Posteriormente, utilizando el CNES, se calculó el porcentaje de personas con TB atendidas en la atención básica durante el período de 2002 a 2016. La concordancia fue de 94,4% y el índice kappa global fue 0,86. Hubo un incremento relativo de un 31,2% del manejo de la TB en la atención básica (de un 50,9% en 2002 hasta un 66,8% en 2016). Todas las regiones presentaron un aumento de ese porcentaje, excepto la región Sur. La clasificación, basada en el CNES, permitió analizar la evolución de la descentralización del manejo de la TB hacia la atención básica en Brasil.

A benzilomino-oxidade (BZAO)-oxidade em portadores de carcinoma esofágico avançado / A Benzylamine-oxidade in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma

RAcional - A benzilamino-oxidase (BzAO) é uma enzima de substrato fisiológico ainda não totalmente conhecido, presente em todos os tecidos humanos e localiza-se nas células nusculares lisas dos vasos sanguíneos, especulando-se daí que a sua função esteja relacionada a angiogenese...

A benzilamino-oxidase (BzAO) em portadores de adenocarcinoma gástrico avançado / Benzylamine oxidase in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma

OBJETIVO: Realizar dosagens da benzilamino-oxidase (BzAO), uma enzima tissular localizada na túnica média dos vasos sanguíneos, mais precisamente no músculo liso, em fragmentos tumorais e não tumorais de peças cirúrgicas ressecadas de portadores de adenocarcinoma gástrico avançado. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 24 doentes (18 masculinos e seis femininos com média de idade de 55,4 anos). Quanto à localização do tumor, eram 11 do antro gástrico, nove do corpo, dois da cárdia, um do corpo e antro e um do fundo, sendo que 12 doentes foram submetidos a gastrectomia subtotal e os demais a gastrectomia total com esplenectomia, todos com linfadenectomia a D2. As dosagens de BzAO foram correlacionadas com idade , sexo , tempo de história da doença, local do tumor no estômago, tipo histopatólogico e cirurgia realizada. RESULTADOS: A atividade enzimática da BzAO nos tecidos gástricos normais variou de 22,9 mM a 111 mM (média de 57,1), sendo superior nos tecidos tumorais em todos os casos, variando de 35,5 mM a 148 mM (média de 70,7). A análise estatística pelo teste t de student mostrou diferença significativa entre as duas dosagens (desvio padrão de 2,373 e p = 0,0263, portanto p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: As dosagens de BzAO foram mais elevadas nos fragmentos tumorais gástricos, sugerindo existir correlação entre a BzAO e a angiogênese, e, portanto, a possibilidade de utilização de terapias antiangiogênicas que atuem inibindo o crescimento tumoral e metastático.