Allogenic mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium does not affect sperm parameters and mitigates early endometrial inflammatory responses in mares.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on sperm parameters, intrauterine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), intrauterine fluid accumulation (IUF), and fertility in mares. In experiment 1, two ejaculates from ten stallions were extended to 50 million sperm/mL using a milk-based extender. Thereafter, 20 mL of extended semen was added of MSC-CM as follows: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL. Sperm kinetics and plasma membrane integrity were evaluated immediately after dilution (T0) and 2 h post-incubation at 37 °C (T2). In experiment 2, mares characterized as resistant (n = 13) or susceptible (n = 7) to endometritis were inseminated with fresh semen 24 h post-induction of ovulation in two (Control and CM-1) and three (Control, CM-1, and CM-2) cycles in a crossover, as follows: control, no pharmacological interference; CM-1, supplementation of semen insemination dose at 3:4 (v:v, MSC-CM:semen); CM-2, 30 mL of MSC-CM was infused into the uterus 24 h before insemination. Endometrial cytology and uterine fluid were collected 6 and 24 h after insemination to evaluate the number of PMNs and concentrations of interleukins IL6, IL10, and TNFα. IUF was determined by ultrasonography 24 and 48 h after insemination. Pregnancy status was diagnosed 14 days after ovulation. The addition of MSC-CM to semen did not influence sperm parameters at T0 and T2 (P > 0.05) and reduced (CM-1; P < 0.05) the number of PMNs at 6 h post-insemination in resistant mares. In susceptible mares, PMNs at 6 and 24 h post-insemination, as well as IUF were reduced (P < 0.05) in both treated cycles (CM-1 and CM-2). In addition, MSC-CM downregulated IL6 and upregulated IL10 concentrations in the uterus of susceptible mares after insemination. There were no differences in fertility rates among groups both in resistant (Control, 77%, 10/13; CM-1, 62%, 8/13) and susceptible mares (Control, 42.8%, 3/7; CM-1, 57.1%, 4/7; CM-2, 85.7%. 6/7). In conclusion, MSC-CM did not affect sperm parameters when mixed with diluted semen, and reduced post-insemination inflammatory responses in mares.

Bartholin's gland adenoma in a Saanen goat / Adenoma de glândula de Bartholin em cabra da raça Saanen

ABSTRACT: Tumors affecting Bartholin's gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin's gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin's gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor.

RESUMO: Tumores que afetam a glândula de Bartholin são considerados raros em humanos e há poucos relatos na medicina veterinária, sendo descrito somente em vacas. Este artigo descreve os achados clínicos e patológicos associados ao adenoma na glândula de Bartholin em uma cabra. O animal da raça Saanen, com sete anos de idade e gestante apresentava aumento de volume bilateral na região da vulva, que não regrediu após o parto. Macroscopicamente, a massa era multilobulada, com presença de vários cistos preenchidos por uma secreção esbranquiçada. A histopatologia revelou um adenoma, caracterizado por proliferação de células epiteliais de formato irregular que formavam estruturas tubulares semelhantes à glândulas. Estas células neoplásicas apresentavam anisocariose moderada e nucléolos evidentes. O índice de proliferação celular intratumoral (PI) foi estimado por imunorreatividade à proteína ki-67. Além disso, a secreção produzida por essas estruturas do tipo glandular, foi positiva na coloração do Ácido Periódico-Schiff. O diagnóstico de adenoma da glândula de Bartholin foi estabelecido pela localização anatômica dos tumores neoplásicos, características histopatológicas e à PI do tumor.