Assuntos
Infecções por Pseudomonas , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , beta-Lactamases , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Humanos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/epidemiologia , Genoma Bacteriano , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , GenômicaRESUMO
We aimed to analyze the molecular epidemiology of 46 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from breast infections. The USA300 lineage carrying SCCmecIVa, arginine catabolic mobile element, t008, ST8, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was predominant (93%). This is the first study that describes the spread of the USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone in breast infections in Brazil.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Exotoxinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular , DNA Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMO
Host susceptibility according to human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) is widely known for norovirus infection, but is less described for rotavirus. Due to the variable HBGA polymorphism among populations, we aimed to evaluate the association between HBGA phenotypes (ABH, Lewis and secretor status) and susceptibility to rotavirus and norovirus symptomatic infection, and the polymorphisms of FUT2 and FUT3, of children from southeastern Brazil. Paired fecal-buccal specimens from 272 children with acute diarrhea were used to determine rotavirus/norovirus genotypes and HBGAs phenotypes/genotypes, respectively. Altogether, 100 (36.8%) children were infected with rotavirus and norovirus. The rotavirus P[8] genotype predominates (85.7%). Most of the noroviruses (93.8%) belonged to genogroup II (GII). GII.4 Sydney represented 76% (35/46) amongst five other genotypes. Rotavirus and noroviruses infected predominantly children with secretor status (97% and 98.5%, respectively). However, fewer rotavirus-infected children were Lewis-negative (8.6%) than the norovirus-infected ones (18.5%). FUT3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) occurred mostly at the T59G > G508A > T202C > C314T positions. Our results reinforce the current knowledge that secretors are more susceptible to infection by both rotavirus and norovirus than non-secretors. The high rate for Lewis negative (17.1%) and the combination of SNPs, beyond the secretor status, may reflect the highly mixed population in Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/genética , Diarreia/genética , Fucosiltransferases/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/genética , Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Norovirus/genética , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Rotavirus/genética , Rotavirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Galactosídeo 2-alfa-L-FucosiltransferaseAssuntos
Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Brasil , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups worldwide. Despite the high genetic diversity of noroviruses, most AGE outbreaks are caused by a single norovirus genotype: GII.4. Since 1995, several different variants of norovirus GII.4 have been associated with pandemics, with each variant circulating for 3 to 8 years. The Sydney_2012 variant was first reported in Australia and then in other countries. A new variant, GII.P16-GII.4, was recently described in Japan and South Korea and then in the USA, France, Germany and England. In our study, 190 faecal specimens were collected from children admitted to a paediatric hospital and a public health facility during a surveillance study of sporadic cases of AGE conducted between January 2015 and July 2016. The norovirus was detected by RT-qPCR in 51 samples (26.8%), and in 37 of them (72.5%), the ORF1-2 junction was successfully sequenced. The new recombinant GII.P16-GII.4 Sydney was revealed for the first time in Brazil in 2016 and predominated among other strains (9 GII.Pe-GII.4, 3 GII.P17-GII.17, 1 GII.Pg-GII.1, 1 GII.P16-GII.3 and 1 GII.PNA-GII.4). The epidemiological significance of this new recombinant is still unknown, but continuous surveillance studies may evaluate its impact on the population, its potential to replace the first recombinant GII.Pe-GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant, and the emergence of new recombinant forms of GII.P16.
Assuntos
Norovirus/genética , Recombinação Genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Norovirus/classificação , Filogenia , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Virais/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.
INTRODUÇÃO: Descrevemos um foco de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) autóctone na Região Metropolitana de Vitória (RMV) onde um caso humano foi registrado anteriormente. MÉTODOS: Testes sorológicos, parasitológicos e moleculares foram realizados em 201 cães. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis (13%) e 12 (6%) foram positivos para um teste ELISA in house e rK39, respectivamente. Dois cães apresentaram cultura positiva para Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi e quatro PCR positivo para Leishmania spp. Um dos cães positivo pertencia ao paciente supracitado. CONCLUSÕES: Embora o vetor não tenha sido encontrado, nossos resultados fornecem evidências da LVC autóctone na RMV, área não-endêmica para leishmaniose visceral.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , DNA de Protozoário/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Psychodidae , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , População UrbanaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: We investigated autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the metropolitan region of Vitória (MRV), an area in which a human case was previously reported. METHODS: Serological, parasitological, and molecular tests were performed in 201 dogs. RESULTS: Twenty-six (13%) and 12 (6%) dogs were identified as positive using in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and rK39 tests, respectively. Two dogs had a positive culture for Leishmania chagasi, and 4 were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for Leishmania spp. One positive dog belonged to the aforementioned patient. CONCLUSIONS: Although the responsible vector was not found, our results provide evidence of autochthonous CVL in the MRV, a non-endemic area for VL.