RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an increasing problem worldwide, and 24% occurs in India. Linezolid is associated with improved MDR-TB treatment outcomes but causes significant side-effects and drug susceptibility testing (DST) is rarely available. This study assessed whether clinical factors could predict linezolid resistance. METHODS: An observational cohort of adults and adolescents with MDR-TB at a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India was analyzed for clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings associated with linezolid resistance. RESULTS: In total, 343 MDR-TB patients had linezolid DST performed, and 23 (6.7%) had linezolid-resistant MDR-TB. Univariable analysis associated linezolid resistance with underweight (odds ratio (OR)-1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.01-1.12); number of previous providers (OR:1.03, 95% CI:1.00-1.05); previous treatment with linezolid (OR:1.12, 95% CI:1.06-1.05), bedaquiline (OR:1.55, 95% CI:1.22-1.98), or clofazimine (OR:1.08 95% CI:1.03-1.16); cavitary disease (OR:1.10, 95% CI:1.04-1.16) and percent lung involvement (OR:1.02, 95% CI:1.01-1.03) on radiograph. DST associated linezolid resistance with resistance to fluoroquinolones (OR:1.08, 95% CI:1.01-1.14), injectables (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), ethionamide (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), and PAS (OR:1.13, 95% CI:1.06-1.21). In multivariate analysis, only prior linezolid and percent lung involvement were associated with linezolid resistance. CONCLUSION: To maximize treatment benefits while minimizing toxicity, DST remains an important tool to identify linezolid resistance.