Long-term results of cementless total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of ankylosed hip.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of ankylosed hip. METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive THAs were performed in 26 patients. The mean age of the patients at the time of the operation was 43.3 years (range, 19-69 years). We used cementless fixation in all hips and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.1 years (range, 4.5-20 years). Radiological evaluation of components, osteolysis, radiolucent lines and loosening were assessed. The Harris Hip Score (HHS), range of motion (ROM), limb-length discrepancy and walking capacity with or without any support were used preoperatively and at final follow-up for clinical evaluation. Survivorship analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method using second revision for any reason as the endpoint. RESULTS: The mean HHS was 85.6 (range, 55-98) points and mean ROM was 110.5° for flexion. The mean limb-length discrepancy improved from 4.1 cm to 1.1 cm. Positive Trendelenburg sign was recorded in 31% of the patients and 24% of patients needed any support for walking postoperatively. We observed surgical complications related to abductor arm in 25% of the patients. Radiolucency on the acetabular side was seen on one or more zones in 15 patients (16 hips). One aseptic acetabular component loosening was observed. On the femoral side, 11 patients demonstrated non-progressive radiolucent lines and osteolysis around the stem was seen in four hips but there was no aseptic stem loosening. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate considering revision for any reason as the endpoint was 81.5%, for aseptic loosening 91.3%, for a worst-case scenario of 66.4% at 10 years. CONCLUSION: Cementless fixation showed good to excellent results at 10 years. Preoperative and postoperative abductor status of the patient is critical for patient satisfaction.

Intraoperative neuromonitoring of anterior root muscle response during hip surgery under spinal anesthesia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterior root muscle (ARM) response monitorability during total hip arthroplasty (THA) under spinal anesthesia. A total of 20 adults (64.6 ± 13.87 years old) were monitored using ARM response and free-run electromyography during THA. To elicit the ARM response from muscles, percutaneous stimulation of the lumbosacral roots was performed by self-adhesive electrodes placed over the skin of the projection of the first and third lumbar interspinous space (anode) and over the abdominal skin of the umbilicus (cathode). Latency and amplitude values of the ARM response were recorded from both sides (non-operated and operated) and from five muscles as follows: rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris long-head (BF), Tibialis Anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius. The most recorded ARM response in a muscle was the TA (n = 38); the least recorded AMR response in a muscle was the BF (n = 33). The mean stimulus intensities for the non-operated and the operated sides were 462.5 ± 112.8 V and 520.0 ± 172.3 V (p = 0.834), respectively. The mean latencies and amplitude values of the ARM response from muscles were as follows: 8.8 ± 1.4 ms; 98.8 ± 114.5 µV for RF; 9.8 ± 2.1 ms; 119.1 ± 122.23 µV for VL; 9.5 ± 1.6 ms; 39.6 ± 30.3 µV for BF; 15.1 ± 1.9 ms; 146.6 ± 150.9 µV for TA; 15.6 ± 2.4 ms; 81.0 ± 99.9 µV for Gastrocnemius. The present study demonstrates that the ARM response could easily and safely be obtained during THA under spinal anesthesia. This non-invasive technique may have a potential to detect early neurological deficit in patients who need complex hip surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Tapered stems one-third proximally coated have higher complication rates than cylindrical two-third coated stems in patients with high hip dislocation undergoing total hip arthroplasty with step-cut shortening osteotomy.

BACKGROUND: The results of cementless stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA) done because of congenital dislocation with step-cut osteotomy is not well known, particularly the influence of the design and the role of extent of porous coating. Therefore we performed a retrospective study to evaluate the mid to long-term results THA performed with a single type acetabular component and different geometry and fixation type stems with ceramic bearings in the setting of step-cut subtrochanteric osteotomy in high hip dislocated (HHD) patients. We asked if the stem type affect the outcomes in terms of (1) intra and postoperative complication rates (2) radiographic outcomes (3) prosthesis survival in step-cut subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy. HYPOTHESIS: The type of the stem, whether cylindrical or tapered does not affect the outcome if the femoral canal fit and fill is obtained and the step-cut femoral shortening osteotomy is primarily fixed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five hips in 35 patients with a mean follow up of 10 years (range, 7-14 years) were evaluated. The single type cementless cup was placed at the level of the true acetabulum, a step-cut shortening femoral osteotomy was performed and reconstruction was performed with two different types of tapered stem in twenty-two hips (Synergy™ and Image™ proximally coated, Smith and Nephew, Menphis, TN, USA) and one type of cylindrical stem (Echelon™ with 2/3 coated, Smith and Nephew, Menphis, TN, USA) in twenty-three hips. Harris hip scores (HHS) and a University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scores were calculated for all patients and successive X-rays were evaluated regarding component loosening and osteolysis, along with complications related to bearing, step-cut osteotomy and stem types. RESULTS: Forty-one hips (91%) had good and excellent clinical outcome according to HHS. The mean UCLA activity scores improved from 3.2±0.6 points (range, 2-4) preoperatively to 6.3 points±0.5 (range, 5-7) at the latest follow-up. The mean femoral shortening was 36±10mm (range, 20-65mm). Four (9%) dislocations were observed. There were five (11%) intra-operative femoral fractures and three (7%) cases of non-union, which were observed in tapered stems. Cylindrical stems had superior neutral alignment primarily. With any stem revision as the end point, cylindrical stems had a higher survival rate (100%) than all tapered stems (82%; 95% confident interval [CI] 77-97%) at ten years. With any revision as the end point, the 10-year survival rate for acetabular component (Reflection-Ceramic Interfit) and for femoral components were 98% (95% CI, 85-99%) and 91% (95% CI, 78-97%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were more implant related complications in HHD patients undergoing THA when tapered stems with 1/3 proximal coating were used to reconstruct a step cut osteotomized femur, compared to cylindrical stems 2/3 coated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study.

[Total hip arthroplasty in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip]. / Gelisimsel kalça displazisinde total kalça protezi.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the preferred treatment for patients with severe arthritis of the hip secondary to developmental hip dislocation or dysplasia. However, THA may be difficult due to bone and soft tissue problems that arise from hip dislocation or dysplasia. Another problem is that patients are usually young, which may affect the long-term survival of the prosthesis. Either cemented or uncemented components can be used depending on bone structure and bone stock. Uncemented components are more preferable because of the young age of the patients. From a biomechanical standpoint, the placement of the acetabular component in its true anatomical location is the main goal for survival and better functional results of THA. To ascertain the stability of the acetabular component, superior grafting, controlled medial wall perforation (medialization), or giving the position of a high hip center may be used. On the femoral side, various femoral components may be used with or without a shortening osteotomy. In this article, reconstruction options for developmental hip dysplasia are discussed depending on acetabular and femoral features of the deformity.

Posterior bone block for footdrop: a report of two cases.

A posterior bone-block operation is one of the few treatment options in cases of paralytic footdrop. A case with a flail ankle and no bony deformity is ideal for this approach. Two cases of acquired flail ankle with equinus deformity were treated using a new modification of the bone-block technique that does not interfere with subtalar joint motion. A bone block harvested from the iliac crest was fixed at the posterior talus after partial resection of the posterior tubercle. The graft was in contact with the posterior malleolus of the tibia. Satisfactory correction was achieved, and both patients could walk without the use of external splints.

Polygonal triple (Kotz) osteotomy (over 10 years experience).

We evaluated the results of polygonal triple (Kotz) osteotomy for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia over 10 years. This study included 31 hips of 27 patients who had the Kotz osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia. The mean age was 21.5 years. We performed the original Kotz osteotomy for the first 22 hips (group I), while the modified Kotz osteotomy through an intra-pelvic approach without damage to the abductor muscle was applied for the last 9 hips (group II). Patients were evaluated by clinically and radiologically. The average follow-up was 106 months in group I, and 18 months in group II. The Trendelenburg gait was unchanged for four patients in group I and for one patient in group II. The Harris Hip Score improved in all patients postoperatively. Radiographic assesment showed improvement in both groups in terms of the angle of CE, VCE, and Sharp postoperatively(P<0.05). The complication rate per hip was 0.29. The original Kotz osteotomy achieves adequate coverage for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia, and patients are generally satisfied by this procedure. Nonetheless, the modified Kotz osteotomy provides recovery of the abductor muscle strength in the early postoperative period and subsequently decreases the rate of the Trendelenburg gait compared to the original Kotz osteotomy.

Polygonal triple (Kotz) osteotomy in the treatment of acetabular dysplasia: 17 patients (19 hips) with 4-9 years of follow-up.

We reviewed 19 hips in 17 patients between 17 and 33 years of age, who underwent a Kotz polygonal triple osteotomy. Their average follow-up was 7 (4.5-9) years. Although 13 patients had less pain after surgery, 3 continued to limp. The average corrections were 36 degrees for the center-edge angle, 31 degrees for the vertical center-edge angle and 19 degrees for Sharp's angle. 3 patients developed transient palsy of the sciatic nerve, and 3 asymptomatic nonunion of the ischium or pubic bone. The degree of arthrosis decreased in 10 hips.

Kotz and Ganz osteotomies in the treatment of adult acetabular dysplasia.

In hips with acetabular dysplasia, we performed Kotz osteotomy (group 1) in 22 hips (20 patients; mean age 24.3 years) and Ganz osteotomy (group 2) in 23 hips (22 patients; mean age 23.1 years). Group 1 was followed 83.3 (56-112) months and group 2 40.9 (24-66) months. In group 1, Harris hip score improved from average 74.9 to 86.9, mean center edge (CE) angle from -4.5 degrees to 30.3 degrees, and mean vertical center edge (VCE) angle from 5.3 degrees to 36.2 degrees. In group 2, Harris hip score improved from average 76.6 to 91.1, mean CE angle from -5.9 degrees to 32.0 degrees, and mean VCE angle from 5.0 degrees to 41.3 degrees. Using Pauwels criteria, regression was observed in 12 hips in group 1 and one progressed. In group 2, 15 hips showed regression and three progressed. In patients treated with Ganz osteotomy, the complication rate was higher and the complications more serious than in patients treated with Kotz osteotomy. Most complications were, however, seen among the first ten patients treated with Ganz osteotomy. Although we detected no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical and radiological findings, we believe the outcome to be slightly better after a properly performed Ganz osteotomy.

Femoral shortening and cementless arthroplasty in high congenital dislocation of the hip.

We performed cementless total hip arthroplasty with femoral shortening in 28 hips of 23 patients with high-riding congenital dislocation of the hip. All the acetabular cups were placed in their original anatomic location. If needed, the acetabulum was reconstructed using the femoral head. The proximal diaphyseal step-cut shortening osteotomy was performed and stabilized by cerclage or cable grips. The follow-up results at average 48 months postoperatively were scored clinically by the Merle D'Aubigné and Harris hip scores and were good and excellent in 89.2%. One acetabular cup showed progressive radiolucent lines suggesting aseptic loosening. Two superficial wound infections, 1 femoral nerve palsy, 1 sciatic nerve palsy, 2 nonunions, and 1 acetabular fracture were observed during the follow-up.

[Total hip arthroplasty and problems encountered in patients with high-riding developmental dysplasia of the hip]. / Yüksekte dogustan kalça çikiginda total kalça protezi ve karsilasilan sorunlar.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated total hip arthroplasty in patients with high-riding developmental dysplasia of the hip with regard to surgical method and modifications, problems encountered during surgery, and follow-up results. METHODS: A total of 42 hips (22 Crowe type III, 20 type IV) of 31 patients (29 women, 2 men; mean age 45.7 years; range 26-70 years) who underwent total hip arthroplasty were clinically and radiologically evaluated. In all cases, cementless acetabular components were placed in the true acetabulum. Fifteen acetabula required structural autografts. Cementless stems were used on the femoral side. Proximal metaphyseal step-cut osteotomy was performed in patients with high-riding hips of more than 4 cm. The mean follow-up period was 54.7 months (range 11 to 127 months). RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score increased from 37.6 preoperatively to 91.02 at the end of follow-up. No acetabular autograft resorption or non-union were observed. Non-union and delayed union in the femoral osteotomy site were encountered in two patients, respectively. Two components (1 acetabular, 1 femoral) were revised during the follow-up period. Two sciatic and two femoral temporary nerve palsies occurred. One patient developed superficial infection and was treated by debridement and antibiotics. Brooker type I heterotopic ossification was observed in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Total hip arthroplasty proved successful in high-riding developmental dysplasia of the hip.