RESUMO
The neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) is a principle transmitter regulating circadian locomotor rhythms in Drosophila. We have identified a Class II (secretin-related) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is specifically responsive to PDF and also to calcitonin-like peptides and to PACAP. In response to PDF, the PDF receptor (PDFR) elevates cAMP levels when expressed in HEK293 cells. As predicted by in vivo studies, cotransfection of Neurofibromatosis Factor 1 significantly improves coupling of PDFR to adenylate cyclase. pdfr mutant flies display increased circadian arrhythmicity, and also display altered geotaxis that is epistatic to that of pdf mutants. PDFR immunosignals are expressed by diverse neurons, but only by a small subset of circadian pacemakers. These data establish the first synapse within the Drosophila circadian neural circuit and underscore the importance of Class II peptide GPCR signaling in circadian neural systems.
Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Proteínas de Drosophila/fisiologia , Orientação/fisiologia , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Adrenomedulina , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Western Blotting/métodos , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Calcitonina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Drosophila , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Genes de Insetos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Atividade Motora/genética , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Mutagênese/fisiologia , Mutação , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/fisiologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neuropeptídeos/farmacologia , Neuropeptídeos/fisiologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transfecção/métodos , Proteínas Ativadoras de ras GTPase/fisiologiaRESUMO
Using preparative electrophoresis, a low molecular weight protein has been partially purified from a cell extract of the equine pathogen Streptococcus equi susp. equi. N-terminal sequence analysis and Western blotting revealed the protein to be HPr, a central component of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Interestingly, the only form of the HPr protein detected in S. equi was one with the amino-terminal methionine removed, a modification that has previously been associated with surface localization of streptococcal HPr proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Sistema Fosfotransferase de Açúcar do Fosfoenolpiruvato/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus equi/química , Animais , Western Blotting , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Cavalos , Metionina , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sistema Fosfotransferase de Açúcar do Fosfoenolpiruvato/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Análise de Sequência de Proteína , Streptococcus equi/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Women, as a segment of society at risk for chronic illnesses and complications from normal life events, such as pregnancy and menopause, are seeking information to improve their health status. One tool on the World Wide Web provided by a team of Ohio health care providers, including nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and dietitians, is the Ask an Expert feature of NetWellness. Designed as a consumer health information resource, NetWellness (www.netwellness.org) also is a valuable tool to health care professionals.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Internet , Informática Médica , Enfermagem , Saúde da Mulher , Feminino , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
As nursing expands more into the community, the role of health promotion is finding its way on the information superhighway. Through NetWellness, nursing faculty experts at the University of Cincinnati College of Nursing and Health are providing health care information via the internet. Not only is the world wide web a site of their nursing practice, but also faculty are identifying new linkages to add to the College's curriculum.
Assuntos
Redes de Comunicação de Computadores , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Serviços de Informação , Escolas de Enfermagem , Humanos , Ohio , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeAssuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Dapsona/uso terapêutico , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Proguanil/análogos & derivados , Pirimetamina/uso terapêutico , Sulfadoxina/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactente , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Proguanil/uso terapêutico , Tanzânia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A nested polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a fragment of the gene for dihydrofolate reductase of Plasmodium falciparum containing codon 108, where a point mutation, causing a serine to asparagine change, occurs in pyrimethamine resistant parasites. The presence of the mutation was detected by restriction enzyme digestion. Parasites in blood samples collected from asymptomatic children before, and 3 weeks after, treatment with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine or chlorproguanil-dapsone were analysed. Parasites in the samples taken at 3 weeks carried only the asparagine mutant.
Assuntos
Antagonistas do Ácido Fólico/uso terapêutico , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Tetra-Hidrofolato Desidrogenase/genética , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resistência a Medicamentos/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Mutação Puntual , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
A eucalyptus-based insect repellent (PMD) with the principal active ingredient p-menthane-3,8-diol was evaluated in the field in comparison with deet. In human landing catches in Tanzania, 3 formulations of PMD were tested against Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus. Repellents, applied to the legs and feet at doses chosen as used in practice, gave complete protection from biting for between 6 and 7.75 h, depending upon the formulation type, with no significant difference between PMD and deet in terms of efficacy and duration of protection.
Assuntos
Anopheles , Eucalyptus/metabolismo , Repelentes de Insetos , Insetos Vetores , Mentol/análogos & derivados , Controle de Mosquitos , Plantas Medicinais , Animais , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , DEET , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , TanzâniaRESUMO
A eucalyptus-based insect repellent (PMD) was evaluated against Culicoides impunctatus in Scotland in comparison with deet. In human landing catches, both repellents still afforded 98% protection from biting 8 h after application of 0.5 ml to the forearm. A second trial looking at protection between 8 and 10 h after repellent application showed 99.5% protection for PMD and 97% for deet as compared with controls.