Examining the Moderating Role of Parental Stress in the Relationship between Parental Beliefs on Corporal Punishment and Its Utilization as a Behavior Correction Strategy among Colombian Parents.

Understanding beliefs about corporal punishment is crucial, as evidence suggests that positive beliefs in its effectiveness predict its use. High parental stress, especially in those valuing corporal punishment, increases the potential for child abuse. Factors such as having many children or low education and socioeconomic status contribute to parental tensions, leading to the use of corporal punishment for behavior correction. We posit that the accumulation of such variables results in heightened stress levels. Our focus aimed to determine the moderating role of stress levels among parental beliefs about corporal punishment and its reported use through quantitative research. In our study, 853 Colombian parents of low, middle, and high socioeconomic status, and from four different regions of Colombia, with children aged 0 to 17 participated. They provided information about their beliefs on corporal punishment, using the Beliefs and Punishment Scale. Correlations indicated that older parents with better socioeconomic status were less inclined to believe that strictness improves children. Regressions suggested that increased belief in corporal punishment modifying behavior, along with higher parental stress, increases corporal punishment use. Moderation models highlighted that when more stressors were present, corporal punishment was used due to stress rather than parental beliefs. Ultimately, stress emerged as a crucial factor influencing corporal punishment use among Colombian parents.

Social and Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescents' and Young Adults' Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Mediation Study.

The ongoing pandemic has dramatically disrupted daily life, increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders and poor mental wellbeing. The compound effects of social, political and psychological stressors have increased psychological symptoms among adolescents and young people, with worries about COVID-19 playing a central role in the clinical course of their mental health problems caused by the pandemic. The aim of this cross-cultural study was to examine the social psychological effects of COVID-19 on adolescents' and young people's mental health and wellbeing in Ibero-American population. Participants involved 6,283 adolescents and young adults from five different Spanish-Speaking countries (83.7% female) aged between 12 and 30 years (M = 18.79; SD = 3.48). Participants completed the Worries about COVID-19 and its Consequences Scale (W-COV), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive analyses, multivariate ANOVAs and Pearson correlations were performed, as well as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) testing a mediational model. The results indicate cross-cultural difference in COVID-19 related worries, emotional symptoms and life satisfaction. Results from SEM confirmed the overall indirect effects of COVID-19 cases, political response and participants' conditions during lockdown on depression, anxiety, stress and life satisfaction mediated by COVID-19 related worries. These findings suggest that the social psychological factors underlying psychological symptoms could be partly explained by increased worries about COVID-19 and its personal, social, economic and political consequences, which may offer guidance to policy makers and health services for safeguarding youth mental well-being.

Cross-cultural validation of the Worries about COVID-19 and its consequences Scale (W-COV) in adolescents and young people.

The pandemic context presents remarkable psychological challenges for adolescents and young adults. The aim of the present work was to construct and study the psychometric properties of a scale in Spanish language (W-COV) to measure their worries related to the pandemic. Participants were 5559 people aged between 14 and 25 years old (M = 19.05; SD = 3.28). Self-report data were collected using a cross-sectional and cross-cultural design. Participants were from 5 Spanish-speaking countries. Instruments were W-COV to assess worries about COVID-19 and its consequences; DASS-21 for anxiety, depression and stress; and SWLS for life satisfaction. Exploratory, confirmatory and multi-group factor analyses were conducted to determine the factorial structure of the W-COV and its measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar and error variance). Correlational and regression analyses were also performed to study convergent and predictive validity. The results suggest that W-COV presents a bifactorial structure: (1) a general factor of worries about COVID-19; and (2) three different factors: worries about health, economic and psychosocial consequences from COVID-19. The internal reliability indices Cronbach's α and Omega were adequate. With respect to the invariance results, the instrument can be used interchangeably in the five countries considered, in both genders and in two different age groups (12-17 and 18-25). Regarding validity, W-COV factors were positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress, and negatively predicted life satisfaction. In conclusion, W-COV is a reliable and valid instrument for researchers and health care professionals to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on mental health of young Ibero-Americans.

Complications of bronchial thermoplasty using laryngeal mask: case series / Complicaciones de la termoplastia bronquial usando máscara laríngea: serie de casos

Abstract Severe asthma affects more than 250 million people and represents high healthcare costs. Bronchial thermoplasty is a relatively new technique in interventional pulmonology for managing this condition. The procedure is done under general anesthesia and the patients are mostly ASA II and III; therefore, the anesthesia plan must be safe. The purpose of the article is to describe the anesthetic technique used (general anesthesia and laryngeal mask) and the immediate and early complications of the procedure. Four patients were included, each undergoing three sessions. The complications during and immediately after the procedure, as well as the early complications (up to seven days post-procedure) that could have required hospital management were discussed. In three of the sessions at least one acute bronchospasm event presented, but only one patient required hospital admission for more than 24 hours. Experience suggests that thermoplasty may be safely conducted under general anesthesia and laryngeal mask.

Resumen El asma grave afecta a más de 250 millones de personas y genera altos costos en el sistema de salud. La termoplastia bronquial es una técnica relativamente novedosa de la neumología intervencionista para el manejo de esta condición. Este procedimiento se realiza bajo anestesia general, y los pacientes son en su mayoría ASA II y III, por lo que el plan anestésico debe ser seguro. El objetivo del artículo es describir la técnica anestésica utilizada (anestesia general y máscara laríngea) y las complicaciones inmediatas y tempranas del procedimiento. Se incluyeron cuatro pacientes, cada uno de los cuales fue sometido a tres sesiones. Se describieron las complicaciones durante e inmediatamente después del procedimiento y las complicaciones tempranas (hasta siete días posprocedimiento), que hubieran requerido manejo hospitalario. En tres de las sesiones se presentó al menos un evento agudo de broncoespasmo y solo un paciente requirió hospitalización mayor a 24 horas. La experiencia sugiere que la termoplastia puede ser llevada a cabo de manera segura bajo anestesia general y mascara laríngea.

Grado de satisfacción e impacto social y medioambiental en pacientes incluidos en un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos / Degree of satisfaction and social and environmental impact in patients included in a remote pacemaker monitoring program

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el grado de satisfacción y el impacto sociolaboral y medioambiental de los pacientes de un programa de seguimiento remoto de marcapasos. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó 160 pacientes del programa de seguimiento remoto entre 2016 y 2017. Se pasó una encuesta de satisfacción a dichos pacientes y se cuantificó la disminución del CO2 emitido al reducir el número de visitas. Resultados: Los pacientes acudían acompañados (86%) y en coche (66%) la mayoría de las veces, y mostraron un grado de satisfacción «bueno o excelente¼ en un 96%. Se estima un ahorro de emisión de CO2 de casi un 10% por ciclo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: El seguimiento remoto de marcapasos implantado en nuestra unidad de arritmias reduce el impacto sociolaboral, económico y medioambiental.

Abstract Objective: To describe the degree of satisfaction and social, occupational and environmental impact of patients on our remote pacemaker monitoring programme run. Method: Prospective observational study including 160 patients on the remote pacemaker monitoring programme between 2016 and 2017. We handed out a satisfaction survey and quantified the decrease in CO2 emitted by reducing the number of visits. Results: The patients attended visits accompanied (86%) and by car (66%) most of the time. 96% of respondents said their degree of satisfaction was "good or excellent". We estimated a saving in CO2 emissions of almost 10% for each remote monitoring cycle. Conclusions: The remote monitoring of pacemakers implemented by our arrhythmia unit reduces the social, occupational, financial and environmental impact.

Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide in Children with High-Risk Leukemia Using a Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen and Peripheral Blood as the Stem Cell Source.

The use of haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (Haplo-PTCy) in children is increasing; however, it is still not clear which preparative regimen is best in this setting. We present the long-term results of 42 patients age <18 years with high-risk leukemia who underwent this procedure using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) and peripheral blood as the stem cell source. Twenty-six patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 13 had acute myelogenous leukemia, 2 had juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and 1 had blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. One-third of the patients were in first remission, 50% were in second remission, 14% were in third remission, and 3% had refractory disease. Neutrophil recovery occurred in 100% of the 40 patients alive at day +30, and transplantation-related mortality at 1 year was 14%. The incidence of acute graft-versus-disease (GVHD) grade III-IV was 17%, and the cumulative incidence of moderate to severe chronic GVHD at 1 year was 29%. The median duration of follow-up for surviving patients was 45 months; overall survival and event-free survival at 36 months were 56% and 46%, respectively. Long-term results of this series show that the use of an RIC regimen with peripheral blood stem cells as the cell source, in children with high-risk leukemia who underwent haplo-PTCy has tolerable toxicity, universal engraftment, and good survival rates.

An examination of the association between early initiation of substance use and interrelated multilevel risk and protective factors among adolescents.

One of the major goals of drug use prevention programs is to delay the age of onset of substance use. What is called early initiation, usually occurring in adolescents under the age of 15, is a salient predictor of Substance Use Disorders later in adulthood. The causes of early initiation are complex and multifaceted and this has led to the identification of a rich set of risk and protective factors that influence age of onset. Nonetheless, there is little knowledge about the interdependence of these factors in their impact on early initiation. This paper addresses this question by applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis to data on family, community and social risk and protective factors from over 1200 adolescents. We find that community and to a lesser extent social factors are the most clearly associated to early initiation and we compare our results to those obtained from linear regression analyses of the same data that do not incorporate interdependence and find opposite results. We discuss the differences between linear regressions and MCA to evaluate the interplay of risk and protective factors and the implications of our findings for health policy and the design of prevention interventions aimed at delaying age of onset.

Entrenamiento de la musculatura del piso pélvico como parte del tratamiento para la disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical: serie de casos, experiencia en un centro médico de alta complejidad / Pelvic floor muscle training as treatment for erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: Case series, and experience in a high complexity hospital

Introducción La disfunción eréctil se ha reconocido como una complicación de la prostatectomía radical. El entrenamiento de los músculos del piso pélvico puede ser una opción terapéutica, sin embargo, existe poca evidencia sobre el efecto del entrenamiento en la función eréctil. Objetivo Describir el efecto de la rehabilitación de la musculatura de piso pélvico en la función eréctil en hombres > 40 años con disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo basado en la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con disfunción eréctil después de prostatectomía radical, sometidos a un protocolo de rehabilitación con ejercicios de músculos de piso pélvico, biofeedback y electroestimulación. La función eréctil se evaluó por el índice internacional de la función eréctil (IIEF-5). La presión de los elevadores del ano se midió con el equipo Myomed134 y la fuerza muscular con la escala modificada de Oxford. Resultados Se incluyeron 13 hombres con edad promedio de 63,2 ± 8 años, sin historia de consumo de tabaco y con índice de masa corporal de 24,9 ± 2,6 kg/m2. Antes de la intervención, se encontraron 10 casos con disfunción severa y 3 de leve a moderada, según el cuestionario IIEF-5. Después de la intervención, se encontró mejoría en 11 pacientes en la función eréctil: 7 con mejoría completa, 4 con disfunción eréctil leve. En 2 casos no se presentó mejoría. Conclusión El estudio muestra que el efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura de piso pélvico es beneficioso en la recuperación de la función eréctil después de prostatectomía radical.

Introduction Erectile dysfunction has been recognised as a complication of radical prostatectomy. The training of the pelvic floor muscles can be a therapeutic option for these patients; however, there is little evidence on the effect of this training in erectile function. Objective To describe the effect of physical rehabilitation of pelvic floor muscles in men over 40 years old with erectile dysfunction as a result of radical prostatectomy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on a review of medical records of patients with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy and following a rehabilitation protocol including pelvic floor muscles exercises, biofeedback, and electrostimulation. Erectile function was assessed by the modified Oxford scale, the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5), and the pressure, in cmH2O, of the levator ani muscle. Results The study included 13 men with a mean age of 63.2 ± 8.0 years. None of them had a smoking history, and the mean body mass index was 24.9 ± 2.6. Before the intervention, there were 10 cases with severe dysfunction according to the IIEF-5, 3 cases with mild to moderate dysfunction. After the intervention, the erectile function improved in 11 patients (7 with complete improvement and 4 with mild erectile dysfunction). Two patients showed no improvement. Conclusion The study suggests that the effect of the pelvic floor muscles training is beneficial in the recovery of erectile function after radical prostatectomy.

Malignant bone tumors in Pediatrics. Five year experience in a pediatric referral center / Tumores óseos malignos en pediatría. Experiencia de cinco años en un centro de referencia pediátrico

Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing's Sarcoma (ES) are the two most common malignant bone tumors in children. A retrospective review of the records of children diagnosed in a pediatric hospital over a five year period (2008-2013) was performed. Objective: To present the experiences acquired during the treatment of these types of tumors and to compare the results obtained with those reported in the literature. Methodology: The database of the Oncology and Pathology Service of Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) was reviewed to identify patients with primary bone tumors referred for histopathology analysis. Results: 22 patients were diagnosed with OS, with a mean age of 11.9 years. 96% of cases were located in the lower extremities. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 86% underwent surgical treatment; 13% survived. 15 patients were diagnosed with ES, with a mean age of 12.4 years. 67% of cases were located in flat bones, 53% of patients had metastasis when diagnosed, and all received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 40% of patients received surgical intervention and 20% received radiotherapy. Survival at the completion of the reseearch was 33%. Conclusions: Cure and survival rates are lower than those reported in the literature despite efforts to improve treatments.

Resumen Introducción. El osteosarcoma (OS) y el sarcoma de Ewing (SE) son los tumores óseos malignos más frecuentes en edad pediátrica. En el presente estudio se realiza la revisión de los tumores malignos primarios de hueso diagnosticados en un hospital pediátrico de referencia en un período de cinco años (2008-2013). Objetivos. Mostrar la experiencia en el tratamiento de osteosarcomas y sarcomas de Ewing y comparar los resultados con lo reportado en la literatura. Materiales y métodos. Se revisó la base de datos del Servicio de Oncología y Patología de la Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia (HOMI) para identificar los pacientes con tumores primarios de hueso remitidos para estudio histopatológico. Resultados. 22 pacientes con edad promedio de 11.9 años tuvieron diagnóstico de OS; 96% de los casos se localizaron en la extremidad inferior, 100% de los pacientes recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante, 86% recibieron manejo quirúrgico y 13% sobrevivieron. 15 pacientes con edad promedio de 12.4 años tuvieron diagnóstico de SE; 67% de los casos se localizaron en huesos planos, 53% de los pacientes presentaron metástasis al diagnóstico, 100% recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante, 40% fueron llevados a cirugía y 20% recibieron radioterapia. La sobrevida fue de 33% al finalizar esta investigación. Conclusiones. Las tasas de curación y sobrevida son menores a las reportadas en la literatura a pesar de esfuerzos en mejorar los tratamientos.

Intensive chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Interim analysis in a referral center in Colombia / Quimioterapia intensiva en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda. Análisis ínterin en un centro de referencia en Colombia

Abstract Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common cancer in children. In developed countries, overall survival rates are around 80%, while in developing countries, survival rate is much lower due to high rates of relapse, and abandonment and complications arising from the disease treatment. Objectives: To assess induction mortality, relapse and treatment abandonment. To describe the most frequent side effects of chemotherapy. To evaluate survival rates of patients and compare the findings found in this study with the existing literature. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged 1 to 18 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who received treatment under the BFM ALL IC 2009 protocol at Fundación Hospital La Misericordia (HOMI), from November 2012 to December 2014. Results: 119 patients were included. Death occurred in two cases during induction (1.67%) and in nine (7.7%) due to treatment, all of them caused by infection/sepsis and in complete remission. Six patients abandoned treatment (5%), while seven relapses occurred (5.9%). All patients experienced some type of side effect related to chemotherapy, the most frequent being febrile neutropenia (41.2%) and grade 3-4 infections (15.8%). Overall survival and event-free survival rates were 79.9% and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Evaluating complications of treatment and death allows adopting measures and strategies to reduce such complications.

Resumen Introducción. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es el cáncer más frecuente en los niños. La sobrevida en países desarrollados está alrededor de 80%, mientras que en países de bajos ingresos la tasa de supervivencia es menor debido a altas cifras de recaída, abandono de tratamiento y complicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento. Objetivos. Hacer una evaluación de muerte en inducción relacionada con el tratamiento, las recaídas y los abandonos de tratamiento; describir las reacciones adversas más observadas relacionadas con medicamentos de quimioterapia; evaluar la sobrevida, y comparar los hallazgos con publicaciones previas. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con edades entre 1 y 18 años, con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda tratada entre noviembre de 2012 y diciembre de 2014 en la Fundación Hospital La Misericordia de Bogotá (HOMI) y a quienes se les había aplicado tratamiento con el protocolo BFM ALL IC 2009. Resultados. Se incluyeron 119 pacientes. Se presentaron dos (1.67%) muertes en inducción y nueve (7.7%) relacionadas con tratamiento -todas por infección/sepsis y en remisión completa-, seis abandonos (5%) y siete recaídas (5.9%). Todos los pacientes presentaron algún tipo de reacción adversa relacionada con medicamentos de quimioterapia, las más frecuentes fueron neutropenia febril (41.2%) e infecciones grado 3-4 (15.8%). Las sobrevidas global y libre de evento fueron de 79.9% y 73.3%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. La evaluación de los efectos deletéreos del tratamiento y muerte durante tratamiento permiten tomar medidas para disminuir estas complicaciones.

Family dynamics and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents: The mediating role of negative emotional symptoms and sensation seeking.

The literature indicates a close relationship between family dynamics and psychoactive substance use among adolescents, and multi-causality among substance use-related problems, including personal adolescent characteristics as potential influential aspects in this relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of emotional symptoms and sensation seeking as mediators in the relationship between family dynamics and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents. The sample consisted of 571 high school students with a mean age of 14.63, who completed the Communities That Care Youth Survey in its Spanish version. We propose and test a mediation-in-serial model to identify the relationships between the study variables. The results of the mediation models indicate that, in most cases, the relationship between family dynamics and the substance use variables is meaningfully carried through the proposed mediators, first through negative emotional symptoms, and then through sensation seeking. The meaning of the mediation varies as a function of the facet of family dynamics (conflict or attachment) and the use aspect (age of onset, frequency of use, and use intention). We discuss the implications of these findings for intervention and prevention strategies.

Substance use and antisocial behavior in adolescents: the role of family and peer-individual risk and protective factors.

Extant literature reports a frequent co-occurrence of substance consumption and antisocial behaviors. It is also postulated, therefore, that risk and protective factors are shared by the two behaviors. The purpose of this research is to test this notion by exploring whether family and peer-individual risk and protective factors are similarly associated with unique and co-occurring substance consumption and antisocial behaviors. A sample of 1,599 school students ranging between the ages of 11 and 19 completed a Spanish-language version of the Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS). This instrument measures risk and protective factors and also captures adolescent drug consumption and antisocial behaviors. We find that risk and protective factors seem to operate in distinct ways for drug consumption and antisocial behaviors when they occur separately. Our findings indicate that the co-occurrence of both behaviors is related to risk factors, but it should not be inferred that the same factors will be present when only one behavior is observed.

Corporal punishment in rural Colombian families: prevalence, family structure and socio-demographic variables.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the prevalence of corporal punishment in a rural area of Colombia and its correlates to family structure and other socio-demographic variables. METHOD: A survey about childrearing and childcare was developed for this study, including a specific question about corporal punishment that was developed based on the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). Family structure was categorized as follows, based on previous literature: 'nuclear family,' 'single parent' family, 'extended family,' 'simultaneous family' and 'composed family.' RESULTS: Forty-one percent of the parents surveyed admitted they had used corporal punishment of their children as a disciplinary strategy. The type of family structure, the number of children living at home, the age of the children, the gender of the parent who answered the survey, and the age and gender of the partner were significant predictors of corporal punishment. CONCLUSION: Family structure is an important variable in the understanding of corporal punishment, especially in regard to nuclear families that have a large number of children and parents who started their parental role early in life.

¿Tomar no tomar?: análisis de los motivos de consumo y no consumo de alcohol en jóvenes / To Drink or not to Drink?: Analysis of Alcohol Consumption and non Consumption Reasons in Adolescents

El estudio analiza los motivos de consumo y no consumo en los adolescentes de un colegio de Chía. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de análisis de contenido en donde se desarrolló una aproximación cualitativa por medio de preguntas abiertas; para posteriormente crear las categorías de análisis y cuantificar los resultados. La aplicación se llevó a cabo en una muestra de 282 adolescentes. Los resultados identifican las categorías y subcategories de los motivos de consumo, las cuales muestran las diferentes temáticas y cuestiones que los jóvenes describen para argumentar el por qué consumir o no alcohol. La discusión resalta la importancia de generar programas preventivos que tengan en cuenta los motivos de consumo y no consumo de los jóvenes, que tengan en cuenta diferencias individuales en los estudiantes, que promueva los recursos personales como factores de protección y que desestimulen las asociaciones culturales del consumo de alcohol en los jóvenes.

The study analyzes the reasons for consuming alcohol or not among adolescents in a school in Chia. The study has a content analysis qualitative approach, in which open-ended questions were used. Later on, categories of analysis were created and through a quantitative approach results were assessed. The study was conducted on a sample of 282 adolescents. Results identify the categories and subcategories of consuming reasons, which show the various themes and issues that young people described. The discussion highlights the importance of developing prevention programs that take into account the reasons young people have to use or not consume alcohol. These programs should attend to individual differences in students, promote personal resources and protective factors that discourage cultural associations with alcohol use in young people.

Tratamiento con everolimus de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes / Everolimus treatment of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma

El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es un desorden genético autosómico dominante, con manifestaciones multisistémicas. Una de ellas es la aparición de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes, lesión mínimamente infiltrativa, comúnmente localizada en el ventrículo lateral y frecuentemente evidenciada clínicamente por síntomas relacionados con aumento de la presión intracraneana. La resección quirúrgica es el estándar de tratamiento, sin embargo, una nueva molécula llamada Everolimus, que bloquea mTOR, proteína intracelular responsable del crecimiento y proliferación celular, es una nueva opción terapéutica para estos pacientes, ya que conlleva menos morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 4 años, 10 meses quien presento un cuadro inicial de limitación en movimientos del hemicuerpo izquierdo y en quien posteriormente se llegó al diagnóstico de astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes. Se administró tratamiento con Everolimus mostrando disminución significativa del tamaño del tumor y resolución de los síntomas.

Consumo de Alcohol en los Adolescentes de Chía y su Percepción del Consumo y de la Permisividad Parental frente al Uso de Sustancias / Consumo de Álcool nos Adolescentes de Chía e sua Percepção do Consumo e da Permissividade Parental ante o Uso de Substâncias / Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents from Chía and Their Perception of Parental Consumption and Permissiveness with respect to Substance Use

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las asociaciones entre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes del municipio de Chía, Colombia, y la percepción que estos tienen del consumo de sustancias por parte de los padres y de la permisividad parental. Mediante un estudio correlacional se midieron las variables de interés a partir de una encuesta diseñada por los autores y aplicada a una muestra de 326 adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron una asociación positiva y significativa entre el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes y la percepción del consumo de los padres y de la permisividad parental. Se discute la importancia de generar programas preventivos que tengan presente las actitudes favorables de los padres hacia el consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes.

The objective of this study was to identify the associations between adolescents´ alcohol consumption and their perceptions about parental substance use and parental permissiveness regarding alcohol use in a group of youngsters from Chía (Colombia). Variables of interest were measured through a correlational study, on the basis of a survey designed by the authors and applied to a sample of 326 adolescents. The results showed a significant and positive association between frequent alcohol use by adolescents and parental perception of consumption and permissiveness. The discussion highlights the importance of developing preventive programs that take into account the permissive parental stance toward adolescents' alcohol consumption.

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as associações entre o consumo de álcool em adolescentes do município de Chía, Colômbia, e a percepção que estes têm do consumo de substâncias por parte dos pais e a permissividade parental. Mediante um estudo correlacional, mediram-se as variáveis de interesse a partir de uma enquete desenhada pelos autores e aplicada a uma amostra de 326 adolescentes. Os resultados mostraram uma associação positiva e significativa entre o consumo de álcool em adolescentes e a percepção do consumo dos pais e da permissividade parental. Discute-se a importância de gerar programas preventivos que tenham presente as atitudes favoráveis dos pais sobre o consumo de álcool nos adolescentes.

Desarrollo y estructura de la Escala Dimensional del Sentido de Vida / Development and structure of the Meaning of Life Dimensional Scale / Desenvolvimento e estrutura da Escala Dimensional do Sentido de Vida

En los últimos años ha aumentado considerablemente el interés por identificar factores específicos que pueden influir en nuestra salud, principalmente aspectos como el sentido de vida, la felicidad y la búsqueda de metas. Desde las aproximaciones humanistas y logoterapéuticas, el sentido de vida es, en términos generales, uno de los factores base para una vida sana. En Latinoamérica son muy pocas las pruebas que han sido desarrolladas o validadas para medir el sentido de vida. El propósito de esta investigación fue desarrollar la Escala Dimensional de Sentido del Vida, comprendido como coherencia existencial y propósito vital. El desarrollo de la escala se realizó mediante la construcción del instrumento para evaluar su estructura y sus características psicométricas. Participaron 820 personas, mujeres y varones, entre 20 y70 años de edad.Los resultados sugieren que la prueba presenta una alta consistencia interna y una estructura de dos dimensiones, una que evalúa la coherencia existencial, y la otra, el propósito vital de las personas.

In recent years, the interest for identifying specific factors that may influence our health has greatly increased, especially issues like meaning of life, happiness and pursuit of goals. From the humanistic and logotherapeutic approaches, the meaning of life is, in general, a key factor for a healthy life. In Latin America, very few tests have been developed and validated to measure the meaning of life. The purpose of this research was to develop the Dimensional Scale of Sense of Life, understood as existential coherence and purpose in life. The development of the scale was performed by constructing the instrument to assess its structure and psychometric characteristics. 820 people, women and men, participated, aged 20 and 70 years. Results suggest that the test has high internal consistency and a two-dimensional structure, one that assesses the existential coherence, and the other, the life purpose of people.

Nos últimos anos vem aumentado consideravelmente o interesse em identificar fatores específicos que podem influir em nossa saúde, principalmente aspectos como o sentido de vida, a felicidade e a procura de metas. Desde as aproximações humanistas e logoterapêuticas, o sentido de vida é, em termos gerais, um dos fatores base para uma vida saudável. Na América Latina são muito poucas as pesquisas realizadas ou validadas para medir o sentido de vida. O propósito desta pesquisa foi desenvolver a Escala Dimensional de Sentido de Vida, compreendido como coerência existencial e propósito vital. O desenvolvimento da escala foi realizado mediante a construção do instrumento para avaliar sua estrutura e suas características psicométricas. Participaram 820 pessoas, homens e mulheres, entre 20 e 70 anos de idade. Os resultados sugerem que o teste apresenta uma alta consistência interna e uma estrutura de duas dimensões, uma que avalia a coerência existencial, e a outra, o propósito vital das pessoas.

[Substance use and risk perception: comparative study of adolescents in Bogotá and Barcelona]. / Uso de sustancias y percepción de riesgo: estudio comparativo entre jóvenes de Bogotá y Barcelona.

The purpose of this article is to determine the differences and similarities between adolescents from Barcelona and Bogotá in their psychoactive substance use habits, their perception of the activities that involve this use and how their risk perception can influence these habits. The sample consists of 865 school students from both cities, with ages between 15 and 18 years. Risk perception was assessed using the risk variables studied by Benthin, Slovic and Severson (1993). Substance use habits were assessed on the basis of the answers given by the youngsters to questions on the age when they first used any substance, frequency of use in the last week and use intentions in the next year. The findings suggest that the age they begin to use alcohol and marijuana and the first time they get drunk differ significantly between the adolescents in the two cities. The Barcelona youngsters have a higher tendency and actual use in respect of all the substances studied than the Bogotá youngsters. Perceived pleasure or benefits predict an increase in both the intention and frequency of use for almost every substance in this study for all, with the exception of the older adolescents (17 to 18 year-olds) from Bogotá. Fear of the consequences or the perception of a risk of illness or injury and conditions favouring use do not seem to have an obvious influence on the various use habits.