RESUMO
The pathogenesis of increased serum phosphate concentration and proteinuria in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is unclear. A potential link between proteinuria and calcium/phosphate metabolism has never been studied in dogs with HAC. The aims of the study were: (1) To evaluate calcium/phosphate metabolism in dogs with spontaneous HAC and compare to healthy dogs as well as to dogs with non-HAC illness; (2) to look for associations between markers of calcium/phosphate metabolism and biomarkers of kidney disease in dogs with HAC. Fifty-four dogs were included in the study, classified as HAC (n=27), non-HAC disease (n=17), and healthy (n=10). Serum calcium, phosphate, 25(OH)Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D, plasma intact parathyroid hormone concentration (iPTH), FGF23, and urinary fractional excretion of calcium and phosphate were evaluated in all dogs at diagnosis and compared between each group. The correlation between these variables and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC) and urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase-to-creatinine ratio (uNAG/C) was evaluated in the HAC group. Medians [range] of serum phosphate concentration, urinary fractional excretion of calcium (FE(Ca)), and iPTH were significantly higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs with non-HAC illness (P<0.01) and healthy dogs (P<0.01). Increased 1,25(OH)2Vitamin D/25(OH)Vitamin D was also observed (P<0.001). In HAC group, UPC was significantly negatively correlated with 25(OH)Vitamin D (r(s): -0.54; P<0.01). Urinary NAG/C was significantly positively correlated with serum phosphate (r(s): 0.46; P=0.019). Increased serum phosphate, urinary excretion of calcium, and hyperparathyroidism were observed in dogs with HAC. Vitamin D metabolism may be shifted towards increased 1-alpha hydroxylation.
Assuntos
Hiperfunção Adrenocortical , Biomarcadores , Cálcio , Doenças do Cão , Fosfatos , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/urina , Doenças do Cão/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Masculino , Fosfatos/sangue , Fosfatos/urina , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Feminino , Cálcio/urina , Cálcio/sangue , Cálcio/metabolismo , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/veterinária , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/urina , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/sangue , Nefropatias/veterinária , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Nefropatias/urina , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Proteinúria/veterinária , Proteinúria/urina , Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos 23RESUMO
Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and patterns of urinary protein separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) have not been investigated as biomarkers in dogs with ACTH-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (ADHAC). This exploratory prospective study aimed to evaluate SDMA, serum creatinine (sCR), and SDS-AGE in dogs with ADHAC with and without proteinuria (ADHAC-P and ADHAC-nP, respectively). Thirty-five pet dogs classified as ADHAC-P (n=16), ADHAC-nP (n=6) and healthy (n=13) were included. Renal biomarkers were evaluated in all dogs at diagnosis. Baseline concentration of SDMA was not significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.15) whereas sCr was significantly lower in dogs in ADHAC dogs compared to healthy dogs (88.0 µmol/L [70.4-132.6; 79.2-114.4]) whether they had proteinuria or not (P = 0.014 and 0.002, respectively). However, baseline concentrations of sCr and SDMA were not significantly different between dogs with ADHAC-P dogs (SDMA, 8⯵g/dL [5-12; 7-9]; sCr, 57.2 µmol/L [35.2-212.2; 52.8-92.4]) and ADHAC-nP dogs (SDMA, 8.5⯵g/dL [7-13; 8-10]; sCr, 70.4 µmol/L [61.6-79.2; 61.6-70.4]) (P = 0.35 and P = 0.41, respectively). Proteinuria in dogs with ADHAC-P was mainly of glomerular origin (SDS-AGE pattern: glomerular in 10/16 dogs; mixed glomerular/tubular in four dogs). In our study, SDMA was neither significantly different in dogs with ADHAC whether they were proteinuric or not, nor between ADHAC and healthy dogs. Urinary electrophoresis provides additional information to the UPC and further investigations are needed to determine whether it may help identify dogs with ADHAC-P requiring specific antiproteinuric treatment.
Assuntos
Hiperfunção Adrenocortical , Arginina , Biomarcadores , Doenças do Cão , Proteinúria , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/urina , Arginina/análogos & derivados , Arginina/sangue , Arginina/urina , Masculino , Feminino , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/veterinária , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/sangue , Hiperfunção Adrenocortical/urina , Estudos Prospectivos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Proteinúria/veterinária , Creatinina/sangue , Creatinina/urina , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and duration of orally administered prednisolone on renal function evaluated by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination and creatinine (Cr) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations as well as on urinalysis, electrolytes, and hydric status in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 14 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES: In this prospective double-masked placebo-controlled study, dogs were randomized after baseline evaluation to receive a 7-day course of either prednisolone (1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) or a placebo. A repeated-measure design was performed, each dog participating in 4 successive sampling sessions. Clinical data, systolic blood pressure, CBC, and biochemical analyses including serum SDMA concentration, GFR determination, urine output quantification, and complete urinalysis were performed for all dogs the day before (D0) and at the end of steroid administration (D7) as well as 2 weeks (D21) and 4 weeks (D35) after the end of treatment. RESULTS: At D7, when compared with baseline, GFR increased significantly in treated dogs, whereas creatinine and SDMA concentrations decreased significantly. GFR and Cr but not SDMA modifications persisted significantly at D21. None of the variables differed significantly from baseline at D35. The OR of presenting an albumin band on urine electrophoresis was 2.4 times as high in treated versus control dogs (OR, 36; 95% CI, 1.8 to 719.4; P = 0.02). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A short-term course of immune-suppressive prednisolone treatment in healthy dogs leads to a sustained but reversible renal hyperfiltration state. Modification in electrolytic variables can affect the clinical interpretation of blood work in such patients.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Prednisolona , Animais , Biomarcadores , Creatinina , Cães , Eletrólitos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/veterinária , Rim/fisiologia , Prednisolona/farmacologia , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Cattle besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) is a re-emerging disease in Europe. Its mechanical transmission by biting flies has not been investigated since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to re-examine the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit virulent B. besnoiti bradyzoites from chronically infected cows to susceptible rabbits. Three batches of 300 stable flies were allowed to take an interrupted bloodmeal on chronically infected cows, followed by an immediate bloodmeal on three rabbits (Group B). A control group of rabbits and a group exposed to the bites of non-infected S. calcitrans were included in the study. Blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, and clinical, serological and haematological surveys were performed in the three groups over 152 days until the rabbits were killed. Quantitative PCR analyses and histological examinations were performed in 24 tissue samples per rabbit. Only one rabbit in Group B exhibited clinical signs of the acute phase of besnoitiosis (hyperthermia, weight loss, regenerative anaemia and transient positive qPCR in blood) and was seroconverted. Parasite DNA was detected in four tissue samples from this rabbit, but no cysts were observed on histological examination. These findings indicate that S. calcitrans may act as a mechanical vector of B. besnoiti more efficiently than was previously considered.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/transmissão , Coccidiose/veterinária , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Muscidae/fisiologia , Coelhos , Sarcocystidae/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/transmissãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest for breed-specific reference intervals in veterinary medicine. In a previous study, breed-specific biochemical reference intervals (RIs) have been established for Dogues de Bordeaux (DDBs). This breed is predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, and would benefit from hematologic RI. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was de novo establishment of breed-specific hematologic RIs for the DDB in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS: One hundred and twenty DDBs from France and Belgium were recruited. CBCs were determined with the Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer within 12 hours of blood collection. RIs were determined using the nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, and face mask color were studied. RESULTS: RIs were determined in 58 healthy dogs. DDBs had higher RIs for HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, and mean platelet volume, and lower RIs for reticulocytes counts, platelets by impedance (PLT-I) and optical count (PLT-O), and plateletcrit when compared with generic canine RIs. Age significantly affected RIs for HGB, HCT, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. CONCLUSION: The generic canine RIs established in the same laboratory with analogous preanalytical and analytical variations did not differ significantly from breed-specific RIs, and thus have no significant impact on clinical decision making; however, breed-specific RIs are advised for some RBC and all platelet-related variables to avoid erroneous suspicion of polycythemia and thrombocytopenia when using general canine RIs for evaluation of DDB.
Assuntos
Cães/sangue , Testes Hematológicos/veterinária , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Cruzamento , Cães/classificação , Feminino , Testes Hematológicos/normas , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reference intervals are important aids for interpreting clinical pathology laboratory data especially in Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis), the non-human primate species most widely used in biomedical research. The purpose of this study was to establish hematologic reference intervals for Cynomolgus according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using the databank at a primatology center. METHODS: Blood specimens from 272 healthy Cynomolgus imported from Mauritius, the Philippines and Vietnam, were analyzed. Reference intervals were established by nonparametric method. Effects of sex, age, body weight, and breeding origin were investigated. RESULTS: Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased slightly and mean corpuscular volume increased slightly with age. Lower red blood cell concentration, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were observed in monkeys from the Philippines. CONCLUSIONS: These hematology reference intervals, established according to international recommendations, can be used in settings using similar animals and analyzers.
Assuntos
Testes Hematológicos , Macaca fascicularis/sangue , Fatores Etários , Animais , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Geografia , Macaca fascicularis/genética , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Breed-specific reference intervals are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. The health monitoring of the Dogue de Bordeaux, a breed predisposed to familial juvenile glomerulonephropathy and hypothyroidism, would benefit from specific reference intervals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish breed-specific biochemical reference intervals for the Dogue de Bordeaux in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Dogues de Bordeaux from France and Belgium were recruited. Complete urinalysis and chemistry panels, venous blood gas variables, total thyroxin and thyroid stimulating hormone, and fibrinogen and antithrombin were measured for each dog. Reference intervals were determined using the non-parametric method. Confounding variables such as sex, age and color of facial mask were analyzed. RESULTS: Due to pre-defined criteria for exclusion, 62 healthy dogs were finally selected for the reference intervals determination. Using the instrument manufacturer's generic canine RI for most analytes did not have a significant impact on potential clinical decisions, except for total proteins, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, lipase and total thyroxin, for which possible clinically relevant differences were noted. CONCLUSION: Specific reference intervals for biochemical analytes in the Dogue de Bordeaux were determined under controlled pre-analytical and analytical conditions, and according to international recommendations. The use of these breed-specific reference intervals is recommended when using the specified analytic instruments, especially for the 6 analytes for which the reference intervals differed considerably from those provided by manufacturers.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/normas , Animais , Bélgica , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Demografia , Cães , Feminino , França , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reference intervals are the most common tool used to interpret results of laboratory tests. However, in veterinary clinical pathology, the number of available reference individuals is often small. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of small reference sample groups on the imprecision of the reference limits. METHODS: Gaussian and log-Gaussian distributions of 10 ≤ n ≤ 750 values were analyzed. Reference limits and 90% confidence interval of limits (90% CI) were calculated. Imprecision of limits was estimated by the ratio of the width of the 90% CI: width of the reference interval (WCI/WRI). RESULTS: For Gaussian distributions, the WCI/WRI ratio cannot be expected to be lower than 0.2 when n < 55. In log-Gaussian distributions, the ratio greatly increases for the upper limit with skewness toward high values, whereas it moderately decreases for the lower limit. CONCLUSION: Independent of the size of the reference sample group, it is very important to report the CIs of the reference limits, which can be very large for small reference sample groups. When the sample size is very small (n < 20), calculations maybe misleading and it is better to instead report all values.
Assuntos
Patologia Clínica/normas , Patologia Veterinária/normas , Animais , Intervalos de Confiança , Distribuição Normal , Valores de Referência , Tamanho da AmostraRESUMO
BACKGROUND: According to international recommendations, reference intervals should be determined from at least 120 reference individuals, which often are impossible to achieve in veterinary clinical pathology, especially for wild animals. When only a small number of reference subjects is available, the possible bias cannot be known and the normality of the distribution cannot be evaluated. A comparison of reference intervals estimated by different methods could be helpful. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare reference limits determined from a large set of canine plasma creatinine reference values, and large subsets of this data, with estimates obtained from small samples selected randomly. METHODS: Twenty sets each of 120 and 27 samples were randomly selected from a set of 1439 plasma creatinine results obtained from healthy dogs in another study. Reference intervals for the whole sample and for the large samples were determined by a nonparametric method. The estimated reference limits for the small samples were minimum and maximum, mean +/- 2 SD of native and Box-Cox-transformed values, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles by a robust method on native and Box-Cox-transformed values, and estimates from diagrams of cumulative distribution functions. RESULTS: The whole sample had a heavily skewed distribution, which approached Gaussian after Box-Cox transformation. The reference limits estimated from small samples were highly variable. The closest estimates to the 1439-result reference interval for 27-result subsamples were obtained by both parametric and robust methods after Box-Cox transformation but were grossly erroneous in some cases. CONCLUSION: For small samples, it is recommended that all values be reported graphically in a dot plot or histogram and that estimates of the reference limits be compared using different methods.
Assuntos
Creatinina/sangue , Cães/sangue , Animais , Peso Corporal , Cães/fisiologia , Distribuição Normal , Valores de Referência , Manejo de EspécimesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reference limits are some of the most widely used tools in the medical decision process. Their determination is long, difficult, and expensive, mainly because of the need to select sufficient numbers of reference individuals according to well-defined criteria. Data from hospitalized patients are, in contrast, numerous and easily available. Even if all the information required for a direct reference interval computation is usually not available, these data contain information that can be exploited to derive at least rough reference intervals. METHODS: In this article, we propose a method for the indirect estimation of reference intervals. It relies on a statistical method which has become a gold-standard in other sciences to separate components of mixtures. It relies on some distributional assumptions that can be checked graphically. For the determination of reference intervals, this new method is intended to separate the healthy and diseased distributions of the measured analyte. We assessed its performance by using simulated data drawn from known distributions and two previously published datasets (from human and veterinary clinical chemistry). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The comparison of results obtained by the new method with the theoretical data of the simulation and determination of the reference interval for the datasets was good, thus supporting the application of this method for a rough estimation of reference intervals when the recommended procedure cannot be used.
Assuntos
Hospitais , Animais , Simulação por Computador , Creatina/sangue , Cães , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Urea and creatinine are the most frequently used indirect markers in plasma and serum of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Both have been shown to lack sensitivity but their diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of kidney disease has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of possible factors of variation on both analytes and to determine whether specific decision rules should be drawn up for subpopulations of dogs. METHODS: The results of urea and creatinine measurements, breed, sex, age, and health status (healthy, renal disease, or nonrenal disease) of 3822 dogs were collected from the archives of 5 veterinary clinics. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decision rules with and without adjustment. RESULTS: There were significant effects and interactions of almost all of the sources of variation. Slight improvements in diagnostic efficiency were obtained by adjusting the decision rules to these sources of variations. Univariate decision rules gave approximately the same diagnostic efficiency for urea and creatinine concentrations, with sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70% and 90%, respectively, using the upper limit of the reference interval as the threshold value. Multivariate decision rules provided only minor improvements in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous measurement of both urea and creatinine is of limited diagnostic value over the analysis of a single variable. Creatinine is the preferred analyte as it is affected by fewer extrarenal factors of variation.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Creatinina/sangue , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Tomada de Decisões , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/veterinária , Creatinina/sangue , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/normas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , França , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Valores de Referência , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The records of 11 dogs with evidence of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin were reviewed. Two of them had had a focal form of the disease and the other nine a disseminated form. The forebrain was involved in five of the nine dogs with disseminated disease, the brainstem in all nine and the cerebellum in one. They had been treated with courses of cytosine arabinoside every three weeks and immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone. Their response to the treatment, in terms of quality of life, was judged by their owners and referring veterinarians to have been excellent in five, good in five and poor in one; their survival times ranged from 78 days to more than 603 days. The cumulative probability of survival at two years was 58.4 per cent. No signs of myelosuppression or other side effects associated with cytosine arabinoside were observed.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Citarabina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Animais , Citarabina/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Cães , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Meningoencefalite/etiologia , Meningoencefalite/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The APOLOWAKO is an entirely automatic benchtop biochemistry analyzer that uses stabilized liquid reagents. It was tested for canine blood and plasma glucose, creatinine, urea, total proteins, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The APOLOWAKO gave very similar results for whole blood and the corresponding plasma (n=32). Within-laboratory imprecision was below 2.2% and 5.8% for substrates and enzymes, respectively. Comparison of results with whole blood by APOLOWAKO and with the corresponding plasma by Vitros 250 (n=139) showed very good correlations. Passing-Bablok's regression slopes ranged from 0.83 to 1.12 and intercepts were close to zero, except for ALP where the results obtained by APOLOWAKO were approximately 1.5 times higher than by Vitros. The APOLOWAKO system can be a reliable instrument in veterinary practices where larger systems are not available but it should be further validated and reference intervals should be determined.
Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Autoanálise/métodos , Glicemia/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Creatinina/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Animais , Autoanálise/instrumentação , Cães , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heparin treatment has been recommended for dogs in hypercoagulable states such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, however, potential benefits have to be balanced against the bleeding risk if overdosage occurs. A better understanding of the pharmacology of heparin and tests to monitor heparin therapy in dogs may help prevent therapeutic hazards. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 200 U/kg of sodium unfractionated heparin (UFH) on coagulation times in dogs after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration and to compare these effects with plasma heparin concentrations assessed by its antifactor Xa (aXa) activity. METHODS: 200 U/kg of UFH were administered IV and SC to 5 healthy adult Beagle dogs with a washout period of at least 3 days. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and plasma aXa activity were determined in serial blood samples. RESULTS: After IV injection, PT remained unchanged except for a slight increase in 1 dog; APTT was not measurable (>60 seconds) for 45-90 minutes, and then decreased gradually to baseline values between 150 and 240 minutes. High plasma heparin concentrations were observed (maximal concentration = 4.64 +/-1.4 aXa U/mL) and decreased according to a slightly concave-convex pattern on a semilogarithmic curve, but returned to baseline slightly more slowly (t240-t300 minutes) than did APTT. After SC administration, APTT was moderately prolonged (by a ratio of 1.55 +/-0.28 APTT t0, range 1.35-2.01) between 1 and 4 hours after administration. Plasma aXa activity reached a maximum of 0.56 +/-0.20 aXa U/mL (range 0.42-0.9 U/mL) after 132 +/-26.8 minutes; this lasted for 102 +/-26.8 minutes. Prolongation of APTTs of 120-160% corresponded to plasma heparin concentrations of 0.3-0.7 aXa U/mL. CONCLUSIONS: As in humans, the pharmacokinetics of UFH in dogs was nonlinear. Administration of 200 U/kg of UFH SC in healthy dogs resulted in sustained plasma heparin concentrations in accordance with human recommendations for thrombosis treatment or prevention, without excessively increased bleeding risks. In these conditions, APTT can be used as a surrogate to assess plasma heparin concentrations. These findings need to be confirmed in diseased animals.
Assuntos
Heparina/farmacologia , Heparina/farmacocinética , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Coagulação Sanguínea/veterinária , Cães , Feminino , Heparina/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intravenosas , Injeções Subcutâneas , Masculino , Tempo de Tromboplastina Parcial/veterinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The suitability of the Spotchem 4430 benchtop biochemistry analyzer for canine blood samples was tested for creatinine, glucose, proteins, urea, alkaline phosphatases and alanine aminotransferase. Results obtained from whole blood and corresponding heparin plasma were identical except for proteins which were higher in plasma (n=10). Between series imprecision (n=10) was <5% for substrates and <10% for enzymes. Comparison of results from 100 Li-heparin samples with those measured with a Vitros 250 analyzer showed good correlation (r>0.93). The slopes of the Passing-Bablock's regression ranged from 0.90 to 1.20 and intercepts were low. The mean biases were low, except for creatinine for which the results obtained by Spotchem (Jaffe reaction) were about 20 micromol/L higher than with the Vitros (enzymatic reaction). The results of this study show that the Spotchem analyzer is suitable for use in canine whole blood or plasma when small numbers of tests are to be performed and large analyzers are not available.
Assuntos
Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Glicemia/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Creatinina/sangue , Ureia/sangue , Animais , Automação , Análise Química do Sangue/instrumentação , CãesRESUMO
Vinblastine toxicity is poorly documented in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the haematological alterations in dogs treated with vinblastine and prednisolone. Fourteen dogs with mast cell tumours (MCT) were selected on at least one of the following criteria: lymph node infiltration, surgical margin infiltration, grade II MCTs with Ki-67 >10%, and grade III MCTs. Starting 15 days after surgery, the dogs were given vinblastine (2 mg/m2 i.v. four times weekly, then twice monthly for 2 months) and prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day p.o.). An EDTA blood sample was collected weekly for complete blood count (CBC). A total of 98 doses of vinblastine were given to the 14 dogs and 114 CBC were performed. Abnormal haematological findings were observed in 12 CBCs from five dogs, which represent a prevalence of 20% of the total CBCs performed in these animals. The most prevalent abnormal finding was thrombopenia (9/12) most often with grade I toxicity (6/9). In conclusion, the risk of occurrence of adverse haematological effects resulting from vinblastine-prednisolone treatment seems limited in dogs with MCT and it should not be overestimated.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcoma de Mastócitos/veterinária , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Hormonais/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Cimetidina/efeitos adversos , Cimetidina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Sarcoma de Mastócitos/sangue , Sarcoma de Mastócitos/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisolona/efeitos adversos , Prednisolona/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimblastina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Serum/plasma urea (S/P-urea) and creatinine (S/P-creatinine) concentrations are routinely assayed as indirect markers of glomerular filtration rate and have been reported to be highly correlated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the two analytes in a large number of unselected samples submitted to a commercial laboratory. In 4799 pairs of results, the correlation was high (r = 0.795) and was not affected by sex or age. The relationship between the two analytes was best represented by a second-order polynomial equation. However, the dispersion of results was large and there was a high percentage of cases (27.5%) where S/P-urea was increased and S/P-creatinine normal (< or =120 micromol/l for this laboratory), while there was a low percentage of cases where S/P-creatinine (1.6%) was increased and S/P-urea normal (< or =8 mmol/l for this laboratory). The discrepancy between increases in S/P-urea and S/P-creatinine might not only reflect a high incidence of non-renal factors of variation for S/P-urea but also an effect of the size or muscle mass of the dogs on the limit of decision for S/P-creatinine. In dogs with normal S/P-urea, there was a significant effect of the size on the 0.975 quantile of S/P-creatinine, ranging from 106 micromol/l in very small dogs to 133 micromol/l in large and very large dogs. This study shows that isolated increases in S/P-urea could be misleading for the diagnosis of renal diseases and that the reference intervals of S/P-creatinine should be re-evaluated according to breed or muscle mass of dogs.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária , Creatinina/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Falência Renal Crônica/veterinária , Ureia/sangue , Animais , Análise Química do Sangue/métodos , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The measurement of protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is a basic analytical method in neurology. In this study, a pyrogallol red technique using a human albumin calibrator previously validated in human medicine was tested for canine samples, and the results were compared with those obtained using urine test strips. Pyrogallol red significantly (P<0.05) but moderately underestimated purified dog albumin and globulins. The imprecision of the technique was low: intra- and between-series coefficients of variation were 1.6 and 4.3 per cent at protein concentrations of about 0.3 g/litre. Over 49 samples, there was good agreement between the pyrogallol red and test strip results (r=0.63), especially for low and high protein concentrations, but misclassifications were observed with '+' test strip readings.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/análise , Corantes , Doenças do Cão/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/veterinária , Pirogalol/análogos & derivados , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cães , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Reflovet system is designed for chemical analysis of whole blood. However, plasma or serum is recommended for potassium analysis because of possible interference from RBC potassium. Because RBC potassium concentration is low in most canine erythrocytes, however, there should be little or no interference. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare potassium results obtained in whole blood and in plasma from dogs using the Reflovet system. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 104 dogs into lithium-heparin tubes. The potassium concentration was measured in whole blood, and subsequently the PCV was measured. Samples were centrifuged and the potassium concentration was measured in plasma. Comparisons were made using Deming's regression and Bland-Altman difference plots. RESULTS: There was very good correlation between results of potassium measurements in whole blood and plasma (r = 0.93). Potassium values were moderately lower in whole blood: Potassium(blood) = 0.912 x Potassium(plasma)+ 0.119. Hemolysis had a negligible effect on the results, but the difference increased with the PCV value. In more than 90% of samples, the difference between the 2 measurements was Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária
, Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/veterinária
, Cães/sangue
, Potássio/sangue
, Animais
, Anticoagulantes/farmacologia
, Análise Química do Sangue/métodos
, Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos
, Eritrócitos/química
, Hemólise
, Heparina/farmacologia
, Plasma/química
, Potássio/análise
, Sensibilidade e Especificidade