[Clinical use of the Bretschneider HTK cardioplegic solution for in situ protection of the kidney]. / Klinische Anwendung der kardioplegischen Lösung HTK nach Bretschneider zur in-situ-Protektion der Niere.

The first clinical use of Bretschneider's HTK-solution for in-situ-protection of the kidney in mild hypothermia is reported. By means of this protective method renal surgery can be performed in a bloodless field without permanent loss of renal function. After initial protective perfusion of the kidney no repeated perfusions or additional surface cooling must be done. There are no systemic side effects when the HTK-solution is applied appropriately.

[Measures for reducing exposure to scattered radiation in urologic roentgen diagnosis]. / Massnahmen zur Verringerung der Streustrahlenbelastung bei der urologischen Röntgendiagnostik.

A simple device to reduce the urologic examiner's exposure to radiation is presented. The doses the examiner and his assistant staff are exposed to performing various methods of urologic radiodiagnosis were measured and the following exposure to radiation determined with and without radioprotective device. The measurements demonstrate, that already by simple measures considerable reduction of the exposure to radiation can be obtained for examiner and assistant personnel. The frequently neglected importance of scattered radiation resulting from urologic radiography is discussed.

[Pulmonary fibrosis following instillation of mitomycin C in the urinary bladder]. / Lungengerüsterkrankungen nach Instillation von Mitomycin C in die Harnblase.

Intravesical prophylaxis against recurrence of bladder carcinomas using mitomycin C has proved to be an effective treatment with few side effects. No side effects involving the lungs have so far been observed with systemic administration; with intravesical use, however, this is not the case. We report a 32-year-old man in whom pulmonary interstitial fibrosis occurred after intravesical instillation of mitomycin C. The clinical picture, including the therapy, and the differential diagnosis and practical consequences are all discussed.

[Penile melanomas]. / Penismelanome.

Melanoma of the penis is a rare, very malignant tumor with poor prognosis. At present improvements of therapeutic results can only be achieved by means of early diagnosis, perhaps also by means of radical surgery. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used mostly as adjuvant or palliative therapy. Two cases of malignant melanoma of the penis are presented.

[Unusual forms of retroperitoneal fibrosis]. / Seltene Formen der Retroperitonealfibrose.

The numerous forms of secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis which do not belong to Ormond's disease are discussed and some rare iatrogenic clinical pictures described. For the first time polyvinylpyrrolidone granulomas, causing obstructive renal failure are reported.

[Importance of impulse cytophotometry in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer]. / Bedeutung der Impulszytophotometrie für Diagnose und Prognose des Prostatakarzinoms.

In 102 cases with hypertrophy and 73 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, all histologically proven, fine-needle biopsies were done and the obtained material investigated by conventional cytology as well as by flow-through cytophotometric determination of DNA content of the nuclei. In prostatic cancer the DNA determinations showed less diagnostic precision than conventional cytology. However as an additional diagnostic procedure the flow-through cytophotometry was able to improve the results of cytologic diagnostic for 10% in all cases with histologically proven cancer of all grades. In hypertrophy of prostate, the exclusion of carcinoma could be done by DNA determination with higher security than by conventional cytology. Flow-through cytophotometry is therefore considered a useful additional test in primary diagnostic and grading of prostatic cancer. In addition it is a method to evaluate the efficacy of drug therapy.

[Uremia caused by giant scrotal hernia and bladder herniation (author's transl)]. / Uraemie durch Riesenskrotalhernie mit Blasendislokation.

A case is presented in which a giant scrotal hernia contained intestines together with the whole bladder, prostate, urethra and both ureters. Their compression by intestines caused uremia. After reconstruction of the normal anatomy the renal function improved and the man became able to work.

The prognostic power of flow-through cytophotometric DNA determinations for testicular diseases.

Flow-through cytophotometric DNA determinations with the ICP 11 were carried out in nuclei of testes stained with ethidium bromide. The histograms of healthy testicles showed two haploid peaks (1 CI/1CII), a diploid (2C) and a tetraploid peak (4C). The more spermatogenesis was histologically reduced, the more the height of the haploid and tetraploid peaks and of the graph in the area of the S-phase was decreased. It resulted from a relative increase of diploid cells of testicular parenchyma. Conclusions can be drawn from the DNA histogram on the degree of inhibition of spermatogenesis, but not on its etiology (inflammation, malposition, endocrime disorders). In torsions of tests, the histogram showed differences from normal graphs, increasing with the degree of necrosis. The histograms of malignant tumors of testes had many more signals in the area of the S-phase and in the hypertetraploid region than those of testes without malignant tumors. In addition, they all had aneuploid peaks, although not in each of the multiple samples of one tumor. Nonseminomas differed more from tumor-free testes than did seminomas. The DNA determinations in nuclei of testes gave objective information about spermatogenesis and, in torsions of testes, about the rate of necrosis. It facilitated the intraoperative decision as to whether a testis should be conserved or extirpated. Malignancy could be established with a high degree of certainty. The difference between histograms of testicular carcinomas and healthy testes seemed to give prognostic information.

[Ureterstenosis after periurethral injection of granugenol oil (author's transl)]. / Ureterstenose nach Granugenolölinjektion.

From the example of a patient, who developed a distal ureterstenosis after periurethral injection of granugenol-oil attention is drawn to the dangers of the carrying out sclerotherapy for the control of urinary incontinence. We warn urgently against treatment of incontinence with sleroticising preparations of any sort.

[Surgical treatment of malignant testicular neoplasms]. / Die operative Behandlung maligner Hodengeschwülste.

In a survey the different ways of surgical treatment of malign testicular tumors in men and boys are described in relation to their staging. As diagnostics and staging of these tumors depend on several diagnostic methods special regard is given to the significance of these methods and the frequency of misinterpretations.

[Comparative cytologic and flow-through cytophotometric studies in prostate cells (author's transl)]. / Vergleichende zytologische und impulszytophotometrische Untersuchungen an Prostatazellen.

Concerning the content of DNA, there are significant differences between nuclei of cells from the adenoma and those from the carcinoma of the prostate. As it is possible to measure these differences by using flow-through cytophotometry, this method might also be capable of automatizing the cytology of this organ. In a clinical study, the results of cytologic examinations and flow-through cytophotometric tests of the prostate are compared. They are comparable in the case of benign diseases of the prostate. In carcinomas of the prostate, cytology gives more positive results than flow-through cytophotometry. An improvement of these findings seems possible through the technical amendment of the method. The number of probes that can not be interpreted are fewer with flow-through cytophotometry than with cytology.

[Diagnosis and therapy of malignant testicular neoplasms]. / Diagnostik und Therapie maligner Hodentumoren.

For successful treatment of even advanced testicular tumors an accurate histological classification and clinical staging is necessary. The pathohistomorphological classification can be completed by the so-called tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein and beta-humanchoriongonadotropin (beta-HCG). These markers are especially valuable in the follow-up of the patient and in the control of the therapeutical effectivity. By optimal diagnosis and therapy seminomas in stage I and II are in 70% to 100%, teratomas in 40% to 80% curable; in the more advanced stages in 30 to 40% a two years relapse-free time can be obtained.

[Restoration of continence using TUR (author's transl)]. / Inkontinenzplastik nach TUR.

A case of incontinence and diverticulum of urethra produced by TUR is demonstrated. By turning the diverticulum inside the urethra continence could be restored.