Approaches to reducing the toxic exposure hazard on the sheep population.

The sheep breeding industry forms a substantial proportion of the agriculture sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensuring its sustainable functioning should be implemented in a number of national documents, which can be considered as the basis for increasing the level of national food security. This can be achieved not only by increasing livestock numbers, but also by conducting research that will reduce the incidence of disease in livestock. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that in the extension study of autopsy of sheep affected by diseases, an analysis of factors that increase the incidence of melaphagosis was carried out. Almaty and Jambyl regions were selected as objects of research. The main effects of classical and innovative drugs that reduce the melophagosis incidence are presented. The analysis of the seasonal level of morbidity and the age composition of sheep herds was carried out. It has been determined that the treatment and prevention of melophagosis can be performed on the basis of a combination of 2 and 5 drugs, both chemically active and biogenic. The practical significance of the study suggests the possibility of a considerable reduction in the level of parasitic invasions in the steppe conditions of Kazakhstan and stabilisation of the produced level of sheep breeding.

Examination of organs and tissues of adult sheep grazed in an area with possible intoxication with rocket fue, Kazakhstan

The authors have conducted experiments to study the pathoanatomical and histological pattern of organs and tissues of adult sheep affected by unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). This highly toxic fuel was spilled on the territory of the Karsakpay and Ulytau districts of Karaganda region, Kazakhstan, because of the fall of the rocket 'Proton­M' after an unsuccessful launch from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 2007. In the experiment, the study group was consisted of 7 adult sheep that grazed in the area of possible intoxication with rocket fuel UDMH. The main objects of the study were histological preparations obtained from fixed structures. As the structures have a flat contrast and are poorly detected in the ordinary light microscope, the specially processed preparations were used. After preparing, the authors studied organs and tissues using a microscope, which allowed to reveal in detail the level of damage caused by intoxication and to establish the negative effect of UDMH on the internal organs. The group of sheep showed a high index of macroscopic signs of interstitial pneumonia (85.7 ± 14.3%), and histologically quite high index was granulomatous inflammation of liver (71.4 ± 18.4%). Kidneys also showed a high level of abnormalities.