Is there a relationship between fall status, cognition and cerebellar lobule volume in patients with multiple sclerosis?

In this prospective case control study, relationship of detailed cerebellar volumetric data and cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis considering falling status using 3 D MRI and network analysis were evaluated. Participants consist of 106 adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Scores of Montreal cognitive assessment test, symbol digit modality Test, nine-hole peg test, berg balance scale test, timed up and go test, timed 25-foot walk test were worse in faller group than non faller group (p < 0.05 for all tests). There was no significant difference in terms of cerebellar lobule volumes between groups. But using artificial intelligence (AI) based network analysis, we brought a new perspective to interpreting the relationship between the cerebellum, cognition, gait, and balance. Overall, data from the study suggest a possible relationship between cerebellar volume changes and cognitive dysfunction through connectivity analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to examine this issue by using connectivity analysis.

Bilateral Optic Neuropathy Revealing Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Report of A Rare Case.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are the main causes of mortality and morbidity associated with this viral infection. Ocular manifestations may also arise during the course of HBV infection. We herein present a 44-year-old male with bilateral optic neuropathy revealing chronic HBV infection.

Atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with albuminocytological dissociation and late emerging neuroradiological findings: A case report.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a central nervous system disorder accompanied by vasogenic edema in white matter that is usually located in temporo-parieto-occipital area. Typically, PRES is presented with headaches, seizures, and change of consciousness. The most common etiologic factor is fluctuations in blood pressure. An eighty-eight-year-old female patient was evaluated because of her acute confused state. Medical history revealed hypertension. Blood pressure was 190/100 mmHg. The initial examination showed impaired consciousness. Radiological investigations of brain showed chronic ischemic lesions. Albuminocytological dissociation was detected in CSF examination. On the 6th day of admission, cranial MRI was repeated. Radiological findings were typical for PRES. The cranial MRI is a valuable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of the PRES but, as in our case, despite the subtle clinical and radiological findings presented during admission, repeated MRI and CSF examination may contribute to a definite diagnosis. This case is remarkable for severe protein elevation in CSF, irreversible fatal course and radiographic evidence of vasogenic edema occurred subsequently.