RESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ)2Cl2; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ)2]+NO3- and H(6MQ)+[Co(6MQ)Cl3]- (where H(6MQ)+ is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC50 (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H2DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC50 values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/química , Esferoides Celulares/patologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recurrent abdominal pain is a common and costly health-care problem attributed, in part, to visceral hypersensitivity. Increasing evidence suggests that gut bacteria contribute to abdominal pain perception by modulating the microbiome-gut-brain axis. However, specific microbial signals remain poorly defined. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a principal inhibitory neurotransmitter and a key regulator of abdominal and central pain perception from peripheral afferent neurons. Although gut bacteria are reported to produce GABA, it is not known whether the microbial-derived neurotransmitter modulates abdominal pain. METHODS: To investigate the potential analgesic effects of microbial GABA, we performed daily oral administration of a specific Bifidobacterium strain (B. dentiumATCC 27678) in a rat fecal retention model of visceral hypersensitivity, and subsequently evaluated pain responses. KEY RESULTS: We demonstrate that commensal Bifidobacterium dentium produces GABA via enzymatic decarboxylation of glutamate by GadB. Daily oral administration of this specific Bifidobacterium (but not a gadB deficient) strain modulated sensory neuron activity in a rat fecal retention model of visceral hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The functional significance of microbial-derived GABA was demonstrated by gadB-dependent desensitization of colonic afferents in a murine model of visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral pain modulation represents another potential health benefit attributed to bifidobacteria and other GABA-producing species of the intestinal microbiome. Targeting GABAergic signals along this microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a new approach for the treatment of abdominal pain.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Dor Visceral/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/biossíntese , Dor Abdominal/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Abdominal/metabolismo , Dor Abdominal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Bifidobacterium/genética , Linhagem Celular , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Dor Visceral/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Visceral/fisiopatologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/administração & dosagemRESUMO
La Brucelosis es una enfermedad infecciosa, transmisible mediante la ingestión de alimentos contaminados. Se discuten dos casos clínicos, cuya manifestación común fue un “rash” eritematoso generalizado, asociado a un síndrome febril sin foco aparente. Ambos con historia de exposición a quesos artesanales. Mediante el antecedente epidemiológico, la clínica y los datos de laboratorio confirmaron el diagnóstico de brucelosis, iniciándose tratamiento antibiótico. Se expone la evolución de cada paciente y se realiza una breve revisión bibliográfica del tema.
Brucellosis is an infectious disease whose transmition is by the ingestion of contaminated foods. We discuss two cases characterized by generalized erythematous rash and febrile syndrome without an apparent focus. Both had a history of exposure to artisanal cheeses. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data confirmed the diagnosis, initiating antibiotic treatment. We follow up each patient and performed a brief review of the literature.
RESUMO
El melanoma maligno cutáneo (MMC) es un cáncer genéticamente heterogéneo, en cuya patogénesis participarían varios genes. Algunos de estos activan la vía MAP kinasa (BRAF, NRAS, KIT, NF1), mientras que otros confieren una mayor susceptibilidad a melanoma familiar, como CDKN2A, CDK4, MITF y BAP1. BAP1 (BRCA1-associated-protein 1) ha sido descrito como una proteína que se une a BRCA1 para inhibir el crecimiento celular. Actualmente se sabe que es producto de un gen supresor de tumores (denominado BAP1) y que actúa como una enzima con actividad deubiquitinasa, la cual se asocia a varios complejos de proteínas, regulando diversas vías celulares relacionadas con el ciclo celular, diferenciación y muerte celular, así como también gluconeogénesis y respuesta a daño del ADN. Tanto su actividad deubiquitinasa como su localización nuclear son relevantes para su función en la supresión de tumores.
Malignant cutaneous melanoma (MMC) is a genetically heterogeneous cancer and various genes participate in its pathogenesis. Some of these genes activate the MAP kinase pathway (BRAF, NRAS, KIT, NF1) and others are related to a higher susceptibility to familial melanoma like CDKN2A, CDK4, MITF y BAP1. BAP1 (BRCA1-associated protein 1) has been described as a BRCA1-binding protein inhibiting cell growth. This protein is a product of a gene with tumor suppressor activity, the protein being a deubiquitinase associated to multiple protein complexes regulating various cellular pathways, including the cell cycle, differentiation and cell death, as well as gluconeogenesis and DNA damage response. Both deubiquitinase activity and location to the nucleus are relevant to its tumor suppressor function.
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Melanoma/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , MutaçãoRESUMO
A propósito del caso de un paciente de 7 meses de vida remitido desde Yopal a la ciudad de Bogotá, se revisa el tema de la linfagiectasia intestinal. Esta es una rara enfermedad que involucra los vasos linfáticos intestinales, y origina hipoproteinemia, edemas, ascitis y enteropatía perdedora de proteínas.
This is the case report of a 7 month old child from Yopal with intestinal lymphangiectasia who was sent to Bogota. We also review the issue of intestinal lymphangiectasia, a rare disease involving intestinal lymphatic vessels which caused hypoproteinemia, edema, ascites and protein-losing enteropathy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Ascite , Hipoproteinemia , Linfangiectasia Intestinal , Enteropatias Perdedoras de ProteínasAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Atrofia/diagnóstico , Atrofia/patologia , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
AIM: To explore the relationship between the perceived characteristics of the information that patients receive on the surgical procedure and their satisfaction. METHOD: Observational cross-sectional study, conducted by the use of surveys at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital (VMUH) of Seville, in July 2009. It involved 75 patients selected by convenience sampling. The ANOVA test was performed according to the assessed characteristics of the information in order to determine the differences in satisfaction. RESULTS: The value obtained in the satisfaction with the information of physicians and nurses are high. Nevertheless, 42, 5% had the impression of not being able to ask questions and 71, 4% were not asked for authorized relatives to be informed. When applying the ANOVA test, statistically significant differences were obtained for the satisfaction with the information received by the physicians, depending on having received it prior to surgery, and the privacy while receiving this information. On the other hand, the satisfaction with the information provided by nursing professionals is related to the supplying of information on discharge and further home care instructions.
Assuntos
Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El melanoma maligno cutáneo (MMC) representa el 4 por ciento del total de los tumores malignos de piel, dando cuenta del 80 por ciento de las muertes producidas por cáncer cutáneo. La sobrevida a cinco años de individuos portadores de enfermedad metastásica se estima en 14 por ciento. Las formas de presentación incluyen una variante esporádica y otra familiar o hereditaria. En ambas el papel de diferentes mutaciones genéticas que otorgan susceptibilidad al desarrollo de MMC es indiscutido, así como la interacción entre las características genéticas del individuo y eventos ambientales. En el MMC familiar se han establecido dos genes de alta susceptibilidad con diferente penetrancia y frecuencia: CDK4 y CDKN2A. CDKN2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) es el más importante gen de susceptibilidad a MMC, cuyas mutaciones se han identificado en aproximadamente un 40 por ciento de familias que presentan tres o más casos de MMC. Las características clínicas asociadas a la mutación de CDKN2A son número elevado de individuos afectados por MMC dentro de una familia, MMC primario múltiple y presencia conjunta de MMC y cáncer de páncreas dentro de una familia. En Chile de desconoce la frecuencia y tipos de mutaciones que afectan a CDKN2A en familias con predisposición a MMC familiar.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) represents 4 percent of all malignant skin tumors and accounts for 80 percent of deaths related to cutaneous cancer. 5-year survival rates in individuals with metastatic disease is around 14 percent. An hereditary or familial variant of CMM has been identified. It is related to different mutations of so-called susceptibility genes as well as to interactions between genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Familial CMM is related to two genes of elevated susceptibility, penetrance, and frequency: CDK4 and CDKN2A (Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A). CDKN2A is the most important susceptibility gene and its mutations have been identified in approximately 40 percent of the families bearing three or more members with CNM. Clinical features associated to CDKN2A mutations are elevated number of family members with CMN, multiple primary CMM, and the presence of both CMN and pancreatic cancer in the same family. In Chile, the incidence and mutation variants of CDKN2A in families with CMM is unknown.
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Humanos , /genética , Melanoma/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mutação , /genéticaRESUMO
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a perforating dermatosis characterized by transepidermal elimination of collagen. It is frequently associated to diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insuffciency, but it is also related to other systemic diseases. The lesions tend to resolve once the underlying condition is treated. We report two patients with the condition. A 65 year-old diabetic female on hemodialysis consulted for multiple itching cutaneous ulcers lasting one year. On physical examination, hyperpigmented papules and nodules were observed. A 65 year-old female with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis consulted for itching lesions in hands, forearms and arms. On physical examination, hyperpigmented lesions with ulcers, erosions and crusts were observed. In both cases, the pathological study of the lesions disclosed a reactive perforating collagenosis.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças do Colágeno/etiologia , /complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Doenças do Colágeno/patologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis is a perforating dermatosis characterized by transepidermal elimination of collagen. It is frequently associated to diabetes mellitus and chronic renal insufficiency, but it is also related to other systemic diseases. The lesions tend to resolve once the underlying condition is treated. We report two patients with the condition. A 65 year-old diabetic female on hemodialysis consulted for multiple itching cutaneous ulcers lasting one year. On physical examination, hyperpigmented papules and nodules were observed. A 65 year-old female with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis consulted for itching lesions in hands, forearms and arms. On physical examination, hyperpigmented lesions with ulcers, erosions and crusts were observed. In both cases, the pathological study of the lesions disclosed a reactive perforating collagenosis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Colágeno/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Idoso , Doenças do Colágeno/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/patologiaRESUMO
Estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales han confirmado el rol del Virus Papiloma Humano (VPH) en la patogénesis del cáncer de piel no melanoma (CCNM) en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, con epidermodisplasia verruciforme (EV) y en pacientes trasplantados. El rol que juega este virus en pacientes inmunocompetentes está aún por ser demostrado. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de VPH mucosos y EV relacionados en tumores cutáneos no melanoma, queratosis actínicas y en piel sana de pacientes inmunocompetentes.Material y Métodos: Se analizaron 19 biopsias de tumores de 18 pacientes con carcinomas basocelulares, 10 biopsias de 4 pacientes con carcinomas espinocelulares, 4 biopsias de 3 pacientes con queratosis actínicas; y 33 biopsias de piel perilesional de nevos extirpados de 33 sujetos control. Todas estas muestras fueron analizadas mediante PCR usando primers estandarizados para la búsqueda de VPH mucosos (partidores GP5+/GP6+) y EV-VPH (partidores CP65-CP70 y CP66-CP69). Resultados: No se detectaron VPH mucosos ni EV relacionados en ninguna de las muestras analizadas.Discusión: Las biopsias de los pacientes inmunocompetentes no se asociaron a una infección detectable por VPH. Este estudio no apoya la asociación en nuestra población entre la infección por VPH y el desarrollo de cáncer de piel no melanoma en sujetos inmunocompetentes.
Epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed patients, in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), and in recipients of organ transplant. The role of this virus has not yet been demonstrated in immunocompetent patients. Objectives: To determine the presence of mucosal HPV and EV-HPV in non-melanoma cutaneous tumors, actinic keratosis and healthy skin in immunocompetent patients.Methods: 19 tumor biopsies (fresh frozen tissue) from 18 patients with basal cell carcinoma, 10 biopsies from 4 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 4 biopsies from 3 patients with actinic keratosis, as well as 33 biopsies of perilesional skin from nevi from 33 control subjects. All samples were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using standardized consensus primers for the detection of mucosal HPV (GP5+/GP6+) and EV-HPV (CP65-CP70 and CP66-CP69). Results: Mucosal HPV and EV- HPV were not detected in any of the biopsies of the study patients, despite external positive controls and excellent DNA quality.Conclusions: The biopsies of the immunocompetent patients were not associated with a detectable HPV infection. Our data do not support the role of HPV as an etiologic factor in NMSC in immunocompetent patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma Basocelular/virologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/virologia , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Biópsia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Carcinoma Basocelular/genética , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Genótipo , Imunocompetência , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Papillomaviridae/genéticaRESUMO
Introducción: En el año 2002, el American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) propuso un nuevo sistema de etapificación para el MM a partir de factores pronósticos independientes. Se ha visto que existen otros factores que no fueron analizados que podrían modificar el pronóstico. Método: Se revisaron en la literatura los factores pronósticos clínicos e histopatológicos del melanoma descritos hasta la fecha. Se consideraron los niveles de evidencia y la aplicación clínica. Resultados: Según los criterios del AJCC, para el estadio I y II, los factores pronósticos son el índice de Breslow, nivel de Clark para el grupo <1mm y la presencia de ulceración. Para el estadio III, importa el número de linfonodos comprometidos (1vs 2-3 vs >3), enfermedad micro o macrometastásica, metástasis en tránsito y satélites. Para el estadio IV, el sitio de metástasis y los valores de LDH. Se ha visto que el sexo masculino, edad avanzada y tumores localizados en extremidades son factores pronósticos adversos. A pesar que aún no se recomienda el uso rutinario del índice mitótico, se ha postulado que sería un factor pronóstico más importante que la ulceración. La presencia de regresión e invasión linfovascular serían otros factores histopatológicos de mal pronóstico. Los mecanismos moleculares de la tumorogénesis pueden mejorar la predicción del pronóstico del paciente.Conclusión: Si bien el sistema de etapificación actual provee una excelente herramienta para determinar un pronóstico general, el uso de factores pronósticos recientemente identificados permitirá realizar un pronóstico más preciso y más individualizado.
Introduction: In 2002, the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) proposed a new system for staging MM from independent prognostic factors. It appears that there are other factors that were not analyzed that could change prognosis. Method: We reviewed the literature on the clinical and pathological prognostic factors of melanoma described so far. Evidence levels and clinical application were considered.Results: According to the AJCC, the criteria for stage I and II prognostic factors are: Breslow index, Clark level for the < 1mm group, and the presence of ulceration. For stage III, the number of adenopathies involved (1vs 2-3 vs.> 3), micro or macro metastatic disease, metastases in transit and satellites are important. For stage IV, the site of metastasis and values of LDH. Adverse prognostic factors appear to be: male, elderly and having tumors in the extremities. Although the routine use of mitotic index has not been recommended yet, it has been postulated that this may be a prognostic factor more than important ulceration. The presence of regression and linfovascular invasion are other histopathological elements of poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms of tumor formation can make prognosis more precise and individualized. Conclusion: Although the current staging system provides an excellent tool to determine an overall prognosis, the use of newly identified prognostic factors will permit a more accurate and more individualized prognosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Fatores Etários , Melanoma/classificação , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Cutâneas/classificação , Prognóstico , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Los Inhibidores del Receptor del Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico (EGFRI) son nuevos agentes terapéuticos para el manejo de cánceres como el de pulmón y colorrectal en etapas avanzadas. Pueden ser anticuerpos monoclonales contra el EGFR (Cetuximab, Panitumumab) o inhibidores tirosin-kinasa de bajo peso molecular (Gefitinib, Erlotinib). Estos agentes han demostrado tener un perfil toxicológico sistémico reducido, pero casi siempre producen efectos secundarios a nivel cutáneo. El propósito de este trabajo es revisar los principales efectos cutáneos de estos medicamentos, su fisiopatología y eventuales alternativas terapéuticas, para mejorar así la adherencia al tratamiento.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors (EGFRI) are new agents for the treatment of cancers, such as advanced stages of lung and colorectal cancer. They can be monoclonal antibodies against EGFR (Cetuximab, Panitumumab) or low molecular weight EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Gefitinib, Erlotinib). These agents have demonstrated to have reduced systemic toxicity, but almost always cause secondary dermatologic effects. We review the main cutaneous effects of these drugs, their pathophysiology and possible therapeutic alternatives, to improve patient compliance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Toxidermias/terapia , Receptores ErbB/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores ErbB , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/efeitos adversos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/efeitos adversos , Pele/patologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Objetivo: describir las causas de mortalidad de los jóvenes de 15 a 24 años y su contribución en el cambio de la esperanza de vida en la ciudad de Medellín entre los años 1989 y 1999. Métodos: las causas de mortalidad se agruparon en seis categorías, según la lista 6/67 de la OPS para la tabulación de la mortalidad: signos, síntomas y afecciones mal definidas; enfermedades transmisibles; neoplasias (tumores); enfermedades del sistema circulatorio; ciertas afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal; causas externas; y todas las demás enfermedades. Para su cálculo se utilizó el método desarrollado por J.H. Pollard en 1986. Resultados: los principales grupos de causas de mortalidad fueron: causas externas, neoplasias y enfermedades transmisibles. Discusión: al aplicar el método de Pollard, se encontró una pérdida en dicha esperanza principalmente por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio y por el grupo neoplasias (tumores). De manera contraria, los grupos causas externas y enfermedades transmisibles fueron los grupos responsables de la ganancia en la esperanza de vida juvenil. Se sugieren políticas de promoción y prevención de estilos de vida sanos que mejoren las condiciones de vida de la población joven
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Adolescente , Causas de Morte , Expectativa de Vida , MortalidadeRESUMO
Gran cantidad de especies de artrópodos pueden afectar al hombre, siendo atraídos hacia el huésped por el calor corporal, la sudoración, el dióxido de carbono del aire exhalado, el olor corporal, la microflora cutánea, la sobreinfección bacteriana y ciertos colores en la vestimenta. Estos, entre otros factores, contribuyen a una mayor susceptibilidad a mordeduras y picaduras y son motivo frecuente de consulta en la práctica médica. En esta revisión se profundizará en las manifestaciones cutáneas del huésped frente a la agresión de algunos artrópodos, considerando un rango de manifestaciones clínicas frecuentes, desde las que no ofrecen dificultades diagnósticas (e. g. urticaria papular, prurigo, pediculosis), aquellas más raras (e.g. causados por insectos foráneos, viajes, tungiasis) y a cuadros severos que pueden comprometer la vida del paciente (e.g. loxoscelismo, shock anafiláctico
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Hipersensibilidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Dermatopatias , Anafilaxia , Formigas , Abelhas , Besouros/patogenicidade , Dípteros/patogenicidade , Hemípteros/patogenicidade , Hipersensibilidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Lepidópteros/patogenicidade , Escabiose , Escorpiões , Sifonápteros , Dermatopatias , Picada de Aranha , VespasRESUMO
Existen muchos artrópodos que afectan al hombre y a animales. Algunos artrópodos sólo producen manifestaciones cutáneas o sistémicas, otros son vectores de diversas enfermedades. Las picaduras y mordeduras de artrópodos son un motivo de consulta muy frecuente en la práctica dermatológica diaria, la mayoría de diagnóstico y tratamiento fácil, sin complicaciones. A veces, sin embargo, las manifestaciones puden ser tan greves que producen la muerte. En ocaciones, por ejemplo, en pacientes que han viajado al extranjero, el diagnóstico de las lesiones puede ser difícil, y es necesario profundizar en los diagnósticos diferenciales. En este artículo revisamos las patologías cutáneas más frecuentes producidas por distintos artrópodos de las clases Insecta y Aracnida, tales como abejas, pulgas, moscas, chinches, vinchucas, arañas y escorpiones. Se describen con detalle las distintas manifestaciones cutáneas y sistémicas y se entregan algunos elementos teóricos en el tratamiento de éstas
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Humanos , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Artrópodes/patogenicidade , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/diagnóstico , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Percevejos-de-Cama/patogenicidade , Abelhas/patogenicidade , Borboletas/patogenicidade , Psychodidae/patogenicidade , Sifonápteros/patogenicidade , Picada de Aranha/diagnóstico , Picada de Aranha/tratamento farmacológico , Triatoma/patogenicidade , Urticária/etiologiaRESUMO
Post-traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare entity, which can appear following even benign head injuries. Their clinical manifestations are various, from a typical SAH to an uncommon intracerebral hematoma. Medical history runs usually from a couple of days to several years. Two cases of intracranial aneurysm have been observed from 1995 to 1998. The first case presented as a cortical aneurysm in a cerebral contusion following a week of evolution. The second case presented as a cortical hematoma with a head trauma 10 years before. All patients were operated on with uneventful follow-up. Post-traumatic intracranial aneurysms can exhibit an increase in size or a spontaneous thrombosis. Diagnosis is made by angiography, which has to be repeated if treatment has to be delayed. Best results are obtained by exclusion of the lesion, if allowed by the patient's condition.