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1.
Front Neurorobot ; 17: 1172770, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37483539

RESUMO

Objective: The objective of this study is to verify the reliability and the concurrent and discriminant validity of the measurements of spasticity offered by the robotic device, quantifying the (1) test-retest reliability, (2) correlation with the clinical evaluation using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), (3) inter-rater reliability between the two physiotherapists, and (4) ability to discriminate between healthy and stroke patients. Methods: A total of 20 stroke patients and 20 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Two physical therapists (PT1 and PT2) independently evaluated the hand spasticity of stroke subjects using the MAS. Spasticity was assessed, both in healthy and stroke patients, with the Amadeo device at three increasing velocities of passive movement for three consecutive repeated assessments, while raw data of force and position were collected through an external program. Data analysis: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the weighted kappa were computed to estimate the reliability of the Amadeo device measurements, the inter-rater reliability of MAS, and the correlation between the MAS and Amadeo device measurements. The discriminant ability of the Amadeo device was assessed by comparing the stroke and healthy subjects' spasticity measurements with the percentage of agreements with 0 in MAS for healthy subjects. Results: The test-retest reliability of the Amadeo device was high with ICC at all three velocities (ICC = 0.908, 0.958, and 0.964, respectively) but lower if analyzed with weighted kappa correlation (0.584, 0.748, and 0.749, respectively) as mean values for each velocity. The correlation between Amadeo and the clinical scale for stroke patients with weighted kappa correlation was poor (0.280 ± 0.212 for PT1 and 0.290 ± 0.155 for PT2). The inter-rater reliability of the clinical MAS was high (ICC = 0.911). Conclusion: Both MAS and Amadeo spasticity scores showed good reliability. The Amadeo scores did not show a strong clinical correlation with the MAS in stroke patients. Hitherto, Amadeo evaluation shows trends that are consistent with the characteristics of spasticity, such as an increase in spasticity as the speed of muscle stretching increases. The ability of the device to discriminate between stroke patients and healthy controls is low. Future studies adopting an instrumental gold standard for spasticity may provide further insight into the validity of these measurements.

3.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 18(1)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386898

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de fotografías digitales para estimar el peso de diferentes preparaciones de alimentos. Metodología: Se compraron 102 platos servidos como almuerzos, desayunos y repostería de 52 establecimientos comerciales en San Pedro de Montes de Oca, se pesaron y fotografiaron los alimentos servidos, resultando un total de 261 porciones de alimentos. Al recibir por correo las imágenes digitales de los platos de comida, se estimó el peso de cada alimento por medio de una comparación con un manual de fotografías estándar. El proceso de pesaje y fotografiado de los alimentos fue realizado de forma independiente del proceso de estimación del peso. Para comparar los pesos reales y los pesos estimados se utilizó la prueba t de Student y coeficientes de correlación. Resultados: Para 6 de los 11 tipos de alimentos, el peso estimado presentado en una imagen digital no fue significativamente diferente al peso real y ambos valores tenían un grado de asociación significativo. En el caso de los otros 5 tipos de alimentos que consistían en preparaciones con un mayor número de ingredientes, hubo diferencias significativas entre los pesos estimados y los pesos reales. Conclusión: En el caso de alimentos simples o con pocos ingredientes, ilustrados en fotografías digitales, su peso se estimó con suficiente exactitud; no así para preparaciones con varios ingredientes. Se requiere más investigación antes de recomendar su uso en encuestas de consumo de alimentos.


Abstract: Objective: To assess the use of digital images for estimating the weight of different portions of foods. Methods: 102 dishes from 52 commercial sites in San Pedro, Montes de Oca, served as lunches, breakfast, and snacks, consisting of a total of 261 portions of foods were purchased, photographed and weighed. On receiving the digital images of the dishes by email, the weights of all the different foods were estimated by using as a comparison, a series of standard photos of foods with known weights. The process of estimating the weights of the foods from the digital images was carried out independently from their being weighed and photographed. A comparison between real and estimated weights was carried out using the Student t test and correlation coefficients. Results: In the case of 6 of the 11 food types, there were no statistically significant difference between real and estimated weights and a significant degree of association was found. Significant differences were observed between real and estimated weights for the remaining 5 foods, which were composed of dishes with a greater number of ingredients and greater variation in proportions of each ingredient. Conclusion: Portion size was estimated with sufficient accuracy for foods prepared from simple recipes with few ingredients, but not for foods prepared with several ingredients. More research is needed before recommending this use of digital images in food consumption surveys.


Assuntos
Humanos , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Dieta , Tamanho da Porção , Costa Rica
4.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 18(1)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386903

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: Frente al contexto de un 34 % de exceso de peso en la población escolarizada de Costa Rica, dentro del marco de trabajo del curso de la Escuela de Nutrición (ENu) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, llamado NU-2030 Módulo IV: Situación Alimentaria y Nutricional en el Ámbito Institucional II, los estudiantes de la ENu realizaron una intervención educativa para la prevención de la obesidad y la promoción de la salud, en nueve escuelas públicas del Circuito 06 del cantón La Unión. Metodología: Se analizaron los datos correspondientes a 12 proyectos de intervención, recolectados de agosto a noviembre del 2016 y documentados en 9 informes finales de curso. Los proyectos se dividieron en tres etapas. Fase diagnóstica: Se analizaron datos antropométricos y hábitos de estilo de vida en muestra de 1382 niños y niñas (N= 3802 preescolares y escolares inscritos), así como valoración de comidas ofrecidas en el entorno escolar. Fase de intervención: se trabajó con datos de 35 sesiones educativas efectuadas por estudiantes de la ENu para 1004 niñas y niños, 70 docentes, 12 colaboradoras del SAI, 4 personas de la administración y 7 padres y madres de familia. Los datos fueron recopilados en instrumentos diseñados en el curso para tal fin. Fase de evaluación: Se analizó la información de la evaluación formativa y sumativa. Resultados: Solo dos escuelas con prevalencia de exceso de peso inferior al promedio nacional y se reportaron para todas factores ampliamente mencionados por la literatura como favorecedores de un ambiente obesogénico (relacionados tanto con alimentación como con actividad física). El uso del juego con niños y niñas y sesiones constructivistas (aprender haciendo) con adultos fueron bien aceptadas en la implementación. No existen contrapartes profesionales nutricionistas en las instituciones. No fue posible observar cambios en hábitos alimentarios en ocho semanas de intervención. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones con apoyo docente y de la Dirección fueron más exitosas. El uso del juego para la educación nutricional de niños y niñas se considera una oportunidad. Ocho semanas de intervención permitieron cambios de conocimiento, no así de las prácticas. Preocupa el nulo involucramiento de los padres de familia.


Summary: Introduction: Against the context of 34% overweight in the school population of Costa Rica and within the framework of the course of the School of Nutrition (SNu) of the University of Costa Rica, called UN-2030 Module IV: Food and Nutritional Situation in the Institutional Environment II, SNu students carried out an educational intervention for the prevention of obesity and the promotion of health, in nine public schools in Circuit 06 of La Union Canton. Methodology: The data corresponding to 12 intervention projects, collected from August to November 2016 and documented in 9 final course reports, were analyzed. The projects were divided into three stages. Diagnostic phase: Anthropometric data and lifestyle habits were analyzed in a sample of 1382 children (N= 3802 preschoolers and school children enrolled), as well as assessment of meals offered in the school environment. Intervention phase: work was done with data from 35 educational sessions conducted by SNu students for 1004 children, 70 teachers, 12 SAI collaborators, four clerks and seven parents, collected in instruments designed in the course for that purpose. Evaluation phase: Formative and summative evaluation information was analyzed. Results: Only two schools with an overweight prevalence below the national average and were reported for all, factors widely mentioned in the literature as favoring an obesogenic environment (related to both food and physical activity). The use of play with children and constructivist sessions (learning by doing) with adults, were well accepted in the implementation. There are no professional nutritionist counterparts in the institutions. No change in eating habits could be observed in eight weeks of intervention. Conclusions: Interventions with teacher and management support were more successful. The use of play for the nutritional education of children is considered an opportunity. Eight weeks of intervention allowed changes in knowledge, but not in practices. The lack of parental involvement is a concern.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Obesidade Infantil , Dieta Saudável , Saúde Pública
5.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 17(2)jun. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386873

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar tres métodos cortos de análisis de datos de consumo de alimentos contra un método estándar en un grupo de adultos costarricenses. Metodología: se realizó un análisis de la composición nutricional de los alimentos incluidos en 100 recordatorios de 24 horas del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud. Se utilizaron tres métodos cortos de análisis de dieta (listas de intercambio de la Asociación Dietética Norteamericana, listas colombianas y un nuevo sistema de grupos de alimentos propuesto por las investigadoras), así como un método estándar basado en tablas de composición de alimentos. Los valores obtenidos se compararon mediante la Prueba de Rangos de Wilcoxon, correlaciones de Spearman y gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: se comprueba que el sistema de grupos de alimentos es el método corto de análisis de dieta cuyos resultados son más similares a los obtenidos por el método estándar en cuanto a energía, macro y micronutrientes. En el caso de las listas de intercambio de la ADA los carbohidratos se subestiman (-19.2 %) y las grasas se sobreestiman (53.8 %). En cuanto a las listas colombianas se observan diferencias significativas y menores coeficientes de correlación para el sodio (0.692) y los ácidos grasos (0.758). Conclusión: se encontró que el sistema de grupos de alimentos es el método que presenta los resultados más semejantes al método estándar para el análisis de dieta y se considera más fácil de utilizar en la práctica clínica.


ABSTRACT Objective: comparison of three short methods for analysis of food consumption data from a group of Costa Rican adults. Methodology: 100 questionnaires from 24-hour recalls were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health. Three short methods for dietary analysis based on two different exchange lists and a new food group system proposed by the researchers) were compared to a standard method based on food composition tables. The values ​​obtained were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot. Results: the food group system is the short method of diet whose results are more similar to the standard method in terms of energy, macro and micronutrients. In the ADA exchange lists, carbohydrates are underestimated (-19.2%) and fats are overestimated (53.8%). The Colombian exchange lists resulted in significant differences and lower correlation coefficients for sodium (0.692) and fatty acids (0.758). Conclusion: the food group system is the method that presents results which are more similar to the standard method for dietary analysis and is considered easier to use in clinical practice.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ingestão de Alimentos , Informação Nutricional , Métodos , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição
6.
Poblac. salud mesoam ; 17(1)dic. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386862

RESUMO

RESUMEN: Objetivo: esta investigación descriptiva hace un análisis de distintos factores del entorno escolar asociados al estado nutricional, específicamente al sobrepeso y obesidad, de estudiantes matriculados en diez escuelas públicas de La Unión de Cartago, Costa Rica, durante el 2015-2016. Metodología: se determinó el estado nutricional y características del estilo de vida de 1268 estudiantes, se evaluaron las meriendas, la alimentación del comedor estudiantil y las ventas de alimentos dentro de los centros educativos. Además, se utilizó un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para ubicar puntos de venta de alimentos y de recreación en un radio de 400 m alrededor de las escuelas. Resultados: el 35% de la muestra tenía exceso de peso. Los alimentos de las meriendas y aquellos vendidos dentro y fuera de las escuelas eran altamente energéticos y de bajo valor nutricional. En los comedores estudiantiles los tamaños de porción no eran adecuados y se servía en exceso alimentos fuente de carbohidratos. El 47% de estudiantes utilizaba juegos electrónicos más de tres veces por semana, el 65% no participaba en actividades deportivas y había desaprovechamiento de las clases de educación física. Solo tres escuelas tenían áreas de recreación disponibles y sus alrededores en buenas condiciones. Conclusión: diversos factores del entorno escolar pertenecientes al microsistema promueven la sobrealimentación y el sedentarismo, por lo que podrían estar contribuyendo con el exceso de peso en la población infantil.


ABSTRACT: Objective: this descriptive investigation makes an analysis of different school environment factors associated with nutritional status, specifically overweight and obesity, of students enrolled in ten public schools in La Union de Cartago, Costa Rica, during 2015-2016. Methodology: The study determinates the nutritional status and characteristics of the lifestyle of 1268 children. Also snacks taken by students, school meals and food sales within schools were evaluated. In addition, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to locate food points of sale and recreation areas within a radius of 400 m around the schools. Results: 35% of the children were overweight. Foods from snacks and those sold inside and outside of schools provide high amounts of energy and low nutritional value. Regarding meals provided in the school's cafeteria, the portion sizes were not adequate, and an excess of foods containing carbohydrate was served. 47% of the children played electronic games more than three times a week, 65% did not participate in sports activities and there was a lack of physical education classes. Only three schools had recreation areas available and their surroundings in good condition. Conclusion: several factors of the school environment belonging to the microsystem promote overfeeding and sedentary lifestyle, which could be contributing to excess bodyweight in children's population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentação Escolar , Manejo da Obesidade , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Costa Rica
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