RESUMO
Sperm quality traits routinely collected by artificial insemination (AI) center for rams progeny test are related with the capacity to produce sperm doses for AI and, in more or less grade, with males' fertility. Low-quality ejaculates are unuseful to perform AI sperm doses, which suppose high economic loses for the AI center. Moreover, sperm quality traits have low heritability values which make traditional genetic selection little efficient to its improvement. In this work, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted by using sperm quality traits data and 50â¯K Affymetrix custom chip genotypes of 429 rams of Assaf breed from OVIGEN AI centre. Furthermore, 47 of these rams were also genotyped with the Illumina HD Ovine BeadChip, and therefore HD genotypes were imputed for all rams with phenotype data. Previous to the GWAS, a linear regression model was fitted including sperm traits as dependent variables; the flock of origin, date of sperm collection, and jump number as fixed effects; rams age at collection in months as covariate; and ram permanent effect as random. Pseudo-phenotypes obtained from this model were used as input for GWAS. Associations at the chromosome-wise level (FDR 10%) of 76 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 chromosomes for ejaculate concentration (CON), 20 SNPs in 3 chromosomes for ejaculate volume (VOL), 32 SNPs in 1 chromosome for ejaculate number of spermatozoa (SPZ), and 23 SNPs for spermatozoa mass motility (MOT) in 17 chromosomes were found. Only SNPs associated with MOT overcame the genome-wide significance level. Some candidate genes for sperm traits variability were SLC9C1 (OAR1), TSN (OAR2), and FUT10 (OAR26) for MOT;. DOCK2, CPLANE1, SPEF2, and RAI14 (OAR16) for CON; SCAPER and PSMA4 (OAR18) for VOL; and PARM1 and LOC101110593 (OAR6) for SPZ. SNPs associated with sperm traits were not found to be correlated with milk production genetic variation; however, the high frequencies of some SNPs with negative effect over sperm traits found in animals at the top milk yield estimated breeding values (EBVs) ranking would allow to exert some selective presure to improve rams sperm performances. Effects and frequencies of some of the SNPs detected over sperm quality traits make these variants good candidates to be used in marker-assisted selection to improve sperm characteristics of Assaf rams and AI center efficiency to produce sperm doses.
Assuntos
Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Espermatozoides , Animais , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/veterinária , Masculino , Fenótipo , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Ovinos/genética , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Unlike dogs, feline abdominal studies are rare. Note that anatomical estudies in felines are scarce and almost unique using feline cadaver by means of sectional anatomy and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aims: In this study, a non-pathological vascularization model of feline abdomen was conducted on three adult cats was using anatomical and diagnostic imaging techniques. METHODS: A live pet cat and two cat cadavers were used in this study. Cat cadavers were injected with colored latex to show well-differentiated vascular structures and serial sections of cat abdomen were then provided. Computed tomography was performed by injecting an iodinated contrast medium through the cephalic vein of a live cat immediately before scanning. The CT images showed the arterial and venous vascular formations hyper-attenuated with two tomographic windows. The correlation between anatomical sections and their CTs was studied to identify vascular and and visceral structures. RESULTS: Hyper-attenuated vascular structures with the contrast medium were identified and marked along their path in the series of Dicom images with the Amira program. In this approach, sequentially and semiautomatically, vascular volumetric reconstruction was obtained without visceral formations. With the OsiriX program, volumetric reconstruction was automatic and maintained the fidelity of all visceral and vascular formations. CONCLUSION: We conclude that these improved prototypes could be used in veterinary clinics as normal vascular models and as a basis for obtaining future 3D models of vascular anomalies such as portosystemic shunts.
RESUMO
In human medicine, non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is routinely used to assess the cardiovascular system. In this study, using non-contrast CMRI, we provide a thorough description of the normal appearance of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures in one healthy cat using a magnet operating at a field of 1.5-Tesla. The CMRI protocol was based on the use of fast spin-echo double inversion recovery and steady-state free precession pulse sequences in oblique short-axis, vertical long-axis, and horizontal long-axis imaging planes. After imaging the feline heart, four cadaver cats injected with latex substance into their arterial and venous systems were sectioned to facilitate interpretation of the intrathoracic cardiovascular structures to the corresponding CMRI. The fast spin-echo double inversion recovery images showed the best evaluation of gross intrathoracic anatomy, giving excellent contrast of the myocardium and vessels walls as they appeared with intermediate signal intensity compared to the lumen that appeared with low signal intensity. By contrast, steady-state free precession images showed details of the heart cavities and vascular lumen due to the high signal intensity of fast-flowing blood. The results of this study provide some anatomic detail for the heart and associated vessels as seen by non-contrast CMRI in the domestic cat.
Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular/anatomia & histologia , Gatos/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Sistema Cardiovascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Onset during old age has been reported in upto 10% of total cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM: To evaluate phenotypic characteristics and the use of therapeutic resources in patients with elderly onset IBD. METHODS: Case-control study including all those patients diagnosed with IBD over the age of 60 years since 2000 who were followed-up for >12 months, identified from the IBD databases. Elderly onset cases were compared with IBD patients aged 18 to 40 years at diagnosis, matched by year of diagnosis, gender and type of IBD (adult-onset). RESULTS: One thousand three hundred and seventy-four elderly onset and 1374 adult-onset cases were included (62% ulcerative colitis (UC), 38% Crohn's disease (CD)). Among UC patients, elderly onset cases had a lower proportion of extensive disease (33% vs 39%; P < 0.0001). In CD, elderly onset cases showed an increased rate of stenosing pattern (24% vs 13%; P < 0.0001) and exclusive colonic location (28% vs 16%; P < 0.0001), whereas penetrating pattern (12% vs 19%; P < 0.0001) was significantly less frequent. Regarding the use of therapeutic resources, there was a significantly lower use of corticosteroids (P < 0.0001), immunosuppressants (P < 0.0001) and anti-TNFs agents (P < 0.0001) in elderly onset cases. Regarding surgery, we found a significantly higher surgery rate among elderly onset UC cases (8.3% vs 5.1%; P < 0.009). Finally, elderly onset cases were characterised by a higher rate of hospitalisations (66% vs 49%; P < 0.0001) and neoplasms (14% vs 0.5%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Elderly onset IBD shows specific characteristics and they are managed differently, with a lower use of immunosuppressants and a higher rate of surgery in UC.
Assuntos
Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/patologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idade de Início , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A system for the radiological protection of the environment (or wildlife) based on Reference Animals and Plants (RAPs) has been suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). To assess whole-body activity concentrations for RAPs and the resultant internal dose rates, transfer parameters are required. However, transfer values specifically for the taxonomic families defined for the RAPs are often sparse and furthermore can be extremely site dependent. There is also a considerable geographical bias within available transfer data, with few data for Mediterranean ecosystems. In the present work, stable element concentrations (I, Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, S, K. Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb and U) in terrestrial RAPs, and the corresponding whole-body concentration ratios, CRwo, were determined in two different Mediterranean ecosystems: a Pinewood and a Dehesa (grassland with disperse tree cover). The RAPs considered in the Pinewood ecosystem were Pine Tree and Wild Grass; whereas in the Dehesa ecosystem those considered were Deer, Rat, Earthworm, Bee, Frog, Duck and Wild Grass. The CRwo values estimated from these data are compared to those reported in international compilations and databases.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Poluentes Radioativos/análise , Radioatividade , Animais , Cervos , Plantas , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica , RatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of tranexamic acid to decrease perioperative bleeding in patients who have undergone a total hip arthroplasty operation and to evaluate drug safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, prospective, controlled and randomized study on the efficacy of tranexamic acid as a method to reduce bleeding in primary hip replacement surgery. We included 134 patients operated during 2014 in our centre, who were divided into 2 groups according to whether or not they had received tranexamic acid. The main study variables were haemoglobin and haematocrit levels, the amount of blood collected from the post-operative drain in the first 12, 24 and 48hours and transfusion requirements. RESULTS: Post-operative haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were statistically higher (P<.001) in the group with treatment. During the first 48hours bleeding values from the group that did not receive TAX were higher compared to patients treated with tranexamic acid. Statistically significant differences (P=.001) were found as to the need for transfusion according to group, more transfusions were performed in the cohort that had not received tranexamic acid: 25.37% compared to 4.48% for the group with tranexamic acid. No adverse events related to administration of tranexamic acid were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of tranexamic acid has proved to be an effective and safe method to reduce peri-operative bleeding in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty and avoids allogenic blood transfusion. Therefore, tranexamic acid treatment could entail a financial saving for the healthcare system and expose the patient to less risk.
Assuntos
Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Artroplastia de Quadril , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Ácido Tranexâmico/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Transfusão de Sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study investigated the effect of sex-sorting and cryopreservation on post-thaw characteristics and fertility of red deer (Cervus elaphus) sperm for the first time. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from 10 mature stags during the breeding season, and each ejaculate split into four experimental groups: Bulk sorted spermatozoa, sorted but not sexed (BSS); sorted high purity X-spermatozoa (XSS); sorted high purity Y-spermatozoa (YSS); and, control non-sorted spermatozoa (NS). Following, all samples were frozen over liquid nitrogen. Two straws per stag and sample type were analyzed immediately post-thaw and following a 2-h incubation period at 37 °C. Post-thaw total motility (TM) as assessed by CASA was not different (P < 0.05) among NS, BSS and YSS sperm. For XSS, post-thaw TM was lower (39%, P < 0.05) than that for NS (54%) or BSS (50%), but similar (P > 0.05) to that of YSS (47%) sperm. The percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa as assessed by PI/YO-PRO-1 and flow cytometry analysis, was higher (17%, P ≤ 0.05) for XSS sperm than NS (12%), BSS (13%) and YSS (14%) sperm. Following incubation there were no differences (P > 0.05) in TM or percent apoptosis among treatments. Post-thaw chromatin stability calculated as the DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) was similar among treatments; following incubation %DFI increased in all except YSS, which displayed the lowest value (P < 0.05). Artificial insemination of synchronized hinds yielded 44, 52 and 62% delivery rates for YSS, NS and standard frozen-thawed sperm, respectively (P < 0.05). Notably, 93 and 55% of fawns born were males for the YSS and NS spermatozoa, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, Y-sorted sperm displayed acceptable post-thaw sperm evaluation parameters and the expected offspring sex ratio. More studies are needed to understand the source of sperm damage that may compromise the fertility of Y-sorted red deer sperm.
Assuntos
Criopreservação/veterinária , Cervos , Pré-Seleção do Sexo/veterinária , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Animais , Criopreservação/métodos , Fragmentação do DNA , Citometria de Fluxo/veterinária , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Masculino , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Razão de Masculinidade , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to assess the risk of relapse after discontinuation of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to identify the factors associated with relapse, and to evaluate the overcome after retreatment with the same anti-TNF in those who relapsed. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter study. IBD patients who had been treated with anti-TNFs and in whom these drugs were discontinued after clinical remission was achieved were included. RESULTS: A total of 1,055 patients were included. The incidence rate of relapse was 19% and 17% per patient-year in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, respectively. In both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients in deep remission, the incidence rate of relapse was 19% per patient-year. The treatment with adalimumab vs. infliximab (hazard ratio (HR)=1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.01-1.66), elective discontinuation of anti-TNFs (HR=1.90; 95% CI=1.07-3.37) or discontinuation because of adverse events (HR=2.33; 95% CI=1.27-2.02) vs. a top-down strategy, colonic localization (HR=1.51; 95% CI=1.13-2.02) vs. ileal, and stricturing behavior (HR=1.5; 95% CI=1.09-2.05) vs. inflammatory were associated with a higher risk of relapse in Crohn's disease patients, whereas treatment with immunomodulators after discontinuation (HR=0.67; 95% CI=0.51-0.87) and age (HR=0.98; 95% CI=0.97-0.99) were protective factors. None of the factors were predictive in ulcerative colitis patients. Retreatment of relapse with the same anti-TNF was effective (80% responded) and safe. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease relapse after anti-TNF discontinuation is relevant. Some predictive factors of relapse after anti-TNF withdrawal have been identified. Retreatment with the same anti-TNF drug was effective and safe.
Assuntos
Adalimumab/uso terapêutico , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Crohn/tratamento farmacológico , Desprescrições , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Infliximab/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colite Ulcerativa/fisiopatologia , Colo , Constrição Patológica , Doença de Crohn/fisiopatologia , Progressão da Doença , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Íleo , Incidência , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Mesalamina/uso terapêutico , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Proteção , Recidiva , Indução de Remissão , Retratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto JovemRESUMO
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Traumatic dislocation of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is a rare lesion that is caused by the dysfunction or rupture of the sagittal band, which is an important stabilizing structure of the extensor tendon. This mechanical alteration presents itself as instability that affects function and may cause pain or snapping during finger motion. The diagnosis is made when ulnar dislocation of the extensor tendon is observed over the MCP joint. Nonsurgical treatment is successful and should be attempted when injuries are diagnosed within the first three weeks. Several surgical repairs have been described. We searched medical databases (Ovid, Medline) for papers on extensor tendon dislocation. We also revised our own cases of this injury. RESULTS: Our search resulted in 10 articles and four books. We found 18 patients with 21 injuries, 10 men and eight women. The most frequently affected finger was the middle one (in thirteen cases), followed by the index (in five cases), the fourth finger (in two cases) and the third one (in one case). Eight of our patients were treated conservatively and thirteen required surgical treatment. The surgical procedures performed were Wheeldons in seven cases; primary repair of the sagittal band and Wheeldon in four cases; primary repair alone in one case; and Carrolls in one case. The follow-up was between one and 34 years (average: 17.5 years). DISCUSSION: Extensor tendon dislocation in zone V is rare. When the diagnosis is made after three weeks of the lesion, the surgical treatment is recommended.
La luxación de los tendones extensores a nivel metacarpofalángico (MCF) de los dedos es una alteración mecánica poco frecuente que se caracteriza por incompetencia o ruptura de la banda sagital (BS), estructura que estabiliza dichos tendones. Se manifiesta por desplazamiento cubital del tendón extensor (en raras ocasiones, la luxación es radial o divergente), que limita su función y puede causar dolor o chasquido. El diagnóstico se hace al observar el tendón extensor del lado cubital de la articulación MCF en flexión del dedo. El tratamiento debe ser conservador cuando el diagnóstico se efectúa en las primeras tres semanas. Se recomienda tratamiento quirúrgico cuando el diagnóstico es tardío. Existen varias técnicas de reparación quirúrgica. Se revisaron bases de datos electrónicas (Ovid y Medline) en busca de artículos relacionados con esta patología. Se examinaron los casos de luxación de tendones extensores en zona V en nuestros pacientes.
Assuntos
Luxações Articulares , Articulação Metacarpofalângica , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Feminino , Falanges dos Dedos da Mão/lesões , Falanges dos Dedos da Mão/cirurgia , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/lesões , Articulação Metacarpofalângica/cirurgia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , TendõesRESUMO
The aim of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the heart and associated vessels in a mature female cat using a 1.5-Tesla magnet. Non-contrast enhanced MRA was performed using a three-dimensional time of flight (TOF) sequence in parasagittal and dorsal aspects. Relevant cardiac and vascular structures were labelled on three-dimensional Time of flight images. Time of flight imaging showed details of the heart cavities and vessels lumen due to the high signal intensity of fast-flowing blood compared with bones, muscles, and lungs, which appeared with low signal intensity. Three-dimensional TOF sequences provided adequate anatomical details of the heart and good differentiation of the vascular structures that could be used for interpretation of cardiac images and to assist in future MRA studies.
Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular/anatomia & histologia , Gatos/anatomia & histologia , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Animais , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The aims of this study were to assess the effects of the sex-sorting process on post-thaw sperm quality as well as on induced oxidative stress damage (H2 O2 0 mm = H000; H2 O2 50 mm = H050; H2 O2 100 mm = H100) and the protective action of reduced glutathione (GSH) and Trolox, when comparing sorted (BSS) and non-sorted (NS) red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37°C. Sperm samples from three stags were collected by electroejaculation and frozen. Immediately after thawing, sperm motility was higher (p < 0.05) for NS (59% ± 3.3) than BSS (36.9% ± 5.8) sperm. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic sperm was higher (p < 0.05) for BSS (21.6% ± 5.0) than NS sperm (14.6% ± 1.2). The presence of H2 O2 increased DNA damage in NS (H000 = 4.1% ± 0.9; H050 = 9.3% ± 0.7; and H100 = 10.9% ± 2.3), but not in BSS sperm. However, in the presence of oxidant, GSH addition improved (p < 0.05) sperm motility in both groups of sperm samples as compared to their controls (NS: 44.5 ± 4.8 vs 21.1 ± 3.9 and BSS: 33.3 ± 8.1 vs 8.9 ± 1.8). These results demonstrate that the sperm-sorting process induces sublethal effects, albeit selecting a sperm population with a chromatin more resistant to oxidative stress than that in non-sorted sperm. Moreover, addition of GSH at 1 mm may be a good choice for maintaining the quality of stressed sperm samples, unlike Trolox, which inhibited sperm motility.
Assuntos
Cervos/fisiologia , Citometria de Fluxo/veterinária , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Pré-Seleção do Sexo/veterinária , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Cromanos/administração & dosagem , Criopreservação/veterinária , Dano ao DNA , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Glutationa/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Pré-Seleção do Sexo/métodos , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/fisiologiaRESUMO
Rare-earth tungstates (La(28-y)W(4+y)O(54+δ)â¡(2-δ)) have attracted attention recently because of their relatively high proton-electron conductivity and high stability in a CO2 environment. Since doping on the tungsten-site may increase the conductivity, a new series of compounds with composition La(5.5)W(1-x)M(x)O(11.25-δ) (M = Al, Ti and Zr; x = 0, 0.05 and 0.10) have been investigated. The crystal structure of these materials has been studied using X-ray and time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction by Rietveld analysis. The concentration of oxygen vacancies for hydration in the structure has been indirectly determined by thermogravimetric analysis, and the total conductivity in several pO2, pH2O and pD2O atmospheres has been studied by impedance spectroscopy. An increase in the conductivity is observed, ranging from 4.1 mS cm(-1) for the undoped sample to 9.2 mS cm(-1) for La(5.5)W(0.9)Ti(0.1)O(11.25-δ), in wet N2 at 800 °C.
RESUMO
The antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity of glucolaxogenin and its ability to induce apoptosis and autophagy in cervical cancer cells are reported. We ascertained that glucolaxogenin exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HeLa, CaSki and ViBo cells in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of DNA distribution in the cell-cycle phase of tumor cells treated with glucolaxogenin suggests that the anti-proliferative activity of this steroid is not always dependent on the cell cycle. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by detection of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in supernatants from tumor cell cultures treated with the steroid. Glucolaxogenin exhibited null cytotoxic activity. With respect to the apoptotic activity, the generation of apoptotic bodies, the presence of active caspase-3 and annexin-V, as well as the DNA fragmentation observed in all tumor lines after treatment with glucolaxogenin suggests that this compound does indeed induce cell death by apoptosis. Also, a significantly increased presence of the LC3-II, LC3 and Lamp-1 proteins was evidenced with the ultrastructural existence of autophagic vacuoles in cells treated with this steroidal glycoside, indicating that glucolaxogenin also induces autophagic cell death. It is important to note that this compound showed no cytotoxic effect and did not affect the proliferative capacity of mononuclear cells obtained from normal human peripheral blood activated by phytohaemagglutinin. Thus, glucolaxogenin is a compound with anti-proliferative properties that induces programmed cell death in cancer cell lines, though it is selective with respect to normal lymphocytic cells. These findings indicate that this glycoside could have a selective action on tumor cells and, therefore, be worthy of consideration as a therapeutic candidate with anti-tumor potential.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Anexina A5/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Glicosídeos/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Fito-Hemaglutininas/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologiaRESUMO
En este trabajo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un electrodo capacitivo de no contacto para la detección de biopotenciales en el cuerpo humano. Se presentan los circuitos eléctricos, el criterio de selección del amplificador operacional en base al análisis de la resistencia óptima de ruido, se describe el montaje físico, se presentan las señales obtenidas con este y la evaluación de su desempeño en base a la relación señal a ruido S/N. Se muestra el desempeño de diversos amplificadores operacionales y se demuestra la versatilidad del electrodo para detectar diversos biopotenciales realizando ajustes en los valores de dos componentes eléctricos del electrodo.
In this work the design and implementation of a capacitive non-contact electrode for detecting biopotentials in the human body is presented. Electrical circuits, the selection criteria of the operational amplifier based on the analysis of the optimal noise resistance are presented, the physical assembly is described and the signals obtained and evaluation of its performance are presented based on the signal-to-noise ratio S/N. We show the performance of several operational amplifiers and it is shown the versatility of the electrode to detect several biopotentials making adjustments to the values of two electrical components of the electrode.
RESUMO
In this article we review work on oxyanion (carbonate, borate, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, silicate) doping in perovskite materials beginning with early work on doping studies in superconducting cuprates, and extending to more recent work on doping into perovskite-type solid oxide fuel cell materials. In this doping strategy, the central atom of the oxyanion group occupies the perovskite B cation site, with the associated oxide ions filling 3 (carbonate, nitrate, borate) or 4 (phosphate, sulphate, silicate) of the available 6 anion sites around this site, albeit displaced so as to achieve the required geometry for the oxyanion. We highlight the potential of this doping strategy to prepare new systems, stabilize phases that cannot be prepared under ambient pressure conditions, and lead to modifications to the electronic and ionic conductivity. We also highlight the need for further work in this area, in particular to evaluate the carbonate content of perovskite phases in general.
RESUMO
The purpose of the study was to provide a description of normal cross-sectional anatomy of the camel nasal and oral cavities using computed tomography (CT) and macroscopic cross-sections. Transverse images of two isolated camel cadaver heads were obtained by an axial CT equipment. Computed tomography scans were processed with a detailed algorithm using nasal and soft tissue windows settings and compared with the corresponding frozen cross-sections of the heads, to assist in the accurate identification of nasal and oral structures. In our study, nasal window provided excellent anatomic details of nasal conchae, bones and teeth; however, other soft tissue components of the nasal and oral cavities are better differentiated using a soft tissue window. These CT images are intended to be a useful anatomic reference in the interpretation for clinical CT imaging studies of the nasal and oral cavities in dromedary camels.
Assuntos
Camelus/anatomia & histologia , Boca/anatomia & histologia , Cavidade Nasal/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Anatomia Transversal , Animais , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , MasculinoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of fitting a lathed soft toric contact lens (STCL) after the implant of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) to treat keratoconus. METHODS: Six months after ICRS implantation, 47 eyes of 47 patients (18-45 years) were fitted with a STCL. In each eye, we determined refractive error, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and keratometry and asphericity measures. The outcome of STCL fitting was defined according to CDVA as successful (≤0.2logMAR) or unsuccessful (>0.2logMAR). Patients in the unsuccessful group were refitted with a piggy-back (PB) system. The above variables and the change in CDVA observed after STCL and PB lens fitting from spectacle CDVA were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: STCL fitting was successful in 75%, 66.66% and 0% of the ICRS implanted eyes with stages I-III keratoconus, respectively. Spectacle-CDVA was 1.5 lines better and mean corneal power was 3.62D lower in the successful STCL group. In this group, the difference in cylinder axis between spectacles and STCL was 24.25° lower. PB refitting achieved a PB-CDVA ≤0.2logMAR in all cases. A similar difference in the CDVA change achieved by contact lenses versus spectacles was observed in the successful STCL and PB refitted groups. CONCLUSION: STCL fitting is a feasible option in a large proportion of patients implanted with ICRS. When these lenses are unsatisfactory, a PB system is a good alternative.
Assuntos
Astigmatismo/terapia , Lentes de Contato Hidrofílicas , Substância Própria/cirurgia , Ceratocone/cirurgia , Ajuste de Prótese , Implantação de Prótese/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Astigmatismo/etiologia , Astigmatismo/fisiopatologia , Topografia da Córnea , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ceratocone/complicações , Ceratocone/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Refração Ocular , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of superovulation protocols in improving the efficiency of embryo donors for porcine nonsurgical deep-uterine (NsDU) embryo transfer (ET) programs. After weaning (24 hours), purebred Duroc sows (2-6 parity) were treated with 1000 IU (n = 27) or 1500 IU (n = 27) of eCG. Only sows with clear signs of estrus 4 to 72 hours after eCG administration were treated with 750 IU hCG at the onset of estrus. Nonhormonally treated postweaning estrus sows (n = 36) were used as a control. Sows were inseminated and subjected to laparotomy on Days 5 to 6 (Day 0 = onset of estrus). Three sows (11.1%) treated with the highest dosage of eCG presented with polycystic ovaries without signs of ovulation. The remaining sows from nonsuperovulated and superovulated groups were all pregnant, with no differences in fertilization rates among groups. The number of CLs and viable embryos was higher (P < 0.05) in the superovulated groups compared with the controls and increased (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of eCG. There were no differences among groups in the number of oocytes and/or degenerated embryos. The number of transferable embryos (morulae and unhatched blastocysts) obtained in pregnant sows was higher (P < 0.05) in the superovulated groups than in the control group. In all groups, there was a significant correlation between the number of CLs and the number of viable and transferable embryos, but the number of CLs and the number of oocytes and/or degenerated embryos were not correlated. A total of 46 NsDU ETs were performed in nonhormonally treated recipient sows, with embryos (30 embryos per transfer) recovered from the 1000-IU eCG, 1500-IU eCG, and control groups. In total, pregnancy and farrowing rates were 75.1% and 73.2%, respectively, with a litter size of 9.4 ± 0.6 piglets born, of which 8.8 ± 0.5 were born alive. There were no differences for any of the reproductive parameters evaluated among groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the efficiency of eCG superovulation treatments in decreasing the donor-to-recipient ratio. Compared with nonsuperovulated sows, the number of transferable embryos was increased in superovulated sows without affecting their quality and in vivo capacity to develop to term after transfer. The results from this study also demonstrate the effectiveness of the NsDU ET procedure used, making possible the commercial use of ET technology by the pig industry.
Assuntos
Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Ovário/fisiologia , Superovulação/fisiologia , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Ciclo Estral , Feminino , Cistos Ovarianos/veterinária , Gravidez , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
Distribution pattern of fibre types was studied in the muscles of the soft palate (palatinus, levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles) in the dog. The fibrillar classification was based on using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods: myofibrillar adenosine thriphosphatase (mATPase) to different pH of pre-incubation; nicotine adenine dinucleotide (reduced) tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) and finally, application of specific monoclonal antibodies against myosin heavy chain isoforms I, IIa and IIx. In the palatinus and levator veli palatini muscles, pure type I fibres and the hybrid type IIax and IIc were shown, with a checkerboard distribution in the first and a clear predominance of hybrid fibre types (about 98% of the total population) in levator veli palatini muscle. On the other hand, in the tensor veli palatini muscle, type IIx and IIm fibres were identified (fast-twitch fibres related to fast-moving muscles and the powerful jaw muscles of carnivores). The tensor veli palatini muscle had a different distribution and fibrillar composition with predominantly type IIm fibres in its central zone, whilst the peripheral zone was primarily type I and IIx fibres.