Simultaneous Remote Observations of Intense Reconnection Effects by DMSP and MMS Spacecraft During a Storm Time Substorm.

During a magnetic storm on 23 June 2015, several very intense substorms took place, with signatures observed by multiple spacecraft including DMSP and Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS). At the time of interest, DMSP F18 crossed inbound through a poleward expanding auroral bulge boundary at 23.5 h magnetic local time (MLT), while MMS was located duskward of 22 h MLT during an inward crossing of the expanding plasma sheet boundary. The two spacecraft observed a consistent set of signatures as they simultaneously crossed the reconnection separatrix layer during this very intense reconnection event. These include (1) energy dispersion of the energetic ions and electrons traveling earthward, accompanied with high electron energies in the vicinity of the separatrix; (2) energy dispersion of polar rain electrons, with a high-energy cutoff; and (3) intense inward convection of the magnetic field lines at the MMS location. The high temporal resolution measurements by MMS provide unprecedented observations of the outermost electron boundary layer. We discuss the relevance of the energy dispersion of the electrons, and their pitch angle distribution, to the spatial and temporal evolution of the boundary layer. The results indicate that the underlying magnetotail magnetic reconnection process was an intrinsically impulsive and the active X-line was located relatively close to the Earth, approximately at 16-18 RE.

Direct measurement of exciton-exciton interaction energy.

We report a direct measurement of the spectral function (real and imaginary self-energy) of excitons with a repulsive interaction potential. These results allow a stringent test of many-body theories of the exciton-exciton interaction which is independent of the exciton density calibration.

Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the cluster spacecraft.

We study the plasma turbulence, at scales larger than the ion inertial length scale, downstream of a quasiparallel bow shock using Cluster multispacecraft measurements. We show that turbulence is intermittent and well described by the extended structure function model, which takes into account the spatial inhomogeneity of the cascade rate. For the first time we use multispacecraft observations to characterize the evolution of magnetosheath turbulence, particularly its intermittency, as a function of the distance from the bow shock. The intermittency significantly changes over the distance of the order of 100 ion inertial lengths, being increasingly stronger and anisotropic away from the bow shock.

Little or no solar wind enters Venus' atmosphere at solar minimum.

Venus has no significant internal magnetic field, which allows the solar wind to interact directly with its atmosphere. A field is induced in this interaction, which partially shields the atmosphere, but we have no knowledge of how effective that shield is at solar minimum. (Our current knowledge of the solar wind interaction with Venus is derived from measurements at solar maximum.) The bow shock is close to the planet, meaning that it is possible that some solar wind could be absorbed by the atmosphere and contribute to the evolution of the atmosphere. Here we report magnetic field measurements from the Venus Express spacecraft in the plasma environment surrounding Venus. The bow shock under low solar activity conditions seems to be in the position that would be expected from a complete deflection by a magnetized ionosphere. Therefore little solar wind enters the Venus ionosphere even at solar minimum.

Considerations on equilibration of two-dimensional excitons in coupled quantum well structures.

In this paper we discuss the issues of the equilibration dynamics of spatially indirect two-dimensional excitons in a coupled quantum well structure, in particular those trapped by an in-plane harmonic potential trap. We discuss the relative timescales for several processes. In the experiments with an in-plane trap, we can use the size of the exciton cloud as a measure of the temperature of particles. At low lattice temperatures the exciton temperature is higher than that of the lattice, even long after equilibrium has obviously been reached. We discuss the effects that can be responsible for this.

Trapping excitons in a two-dimensional in-plane harmonic potential: experimental evidence for equilibration of indirect excitons.

We have trapped a gas of long-lifetime, high-mobility excitons in an in-plane harmonic potential. Trapping is an important step toward the goal of a controlled Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons. We show that the repulsive interaction between the excitons plays a dominant role in the behavior of the excitons, in contrast with the weak interactions in atomic gases. We show that under proper conditions the excitons thermalize in the trap to a well-defined equilibrium spatial distribution.

Long-distance diffusion of excitons in double quantum well structures.

In this Letter we report on lateral diffusion measurements of excitons at low temperature in double quantum wells of various widths. The structure is designed so that excitons live up to 30 micros and diffuse up to 500 microm. Particular attention is given to establishing that the transport occurs by exciton motion. The deduced exciton diffusion coefficients have a very strong well width dependence, and obey the same power law as the diffusion coefficient for electrons.

Turbulence in a free surface.

We report an experimental and numerical study of turbulent fluid motion in a free surface. The flow is realized experimentally on the surface of a tank filled with water stirred by a vertically oscillating grid positioned well below the surface. The effect of surface waves appears to be negligible so that the flow can numerically be realized with a flat surface and stress-free boundary conditions. The surface flow is unconventional in that it is not incompressible and neither energy nor enstrophy are conserved. Nevertheless, according to both experiment and numerical simulation, the second order structure function S2(R) scales essentially as for a three-dimensional system. However, the surface flow seems to be more intermittent.

[The effect of Enzaprost-F (PGF2) cervical tablets on the corpus luteum in the human body]. / Az Enzaprost-F (PGF2) cervikális tabletta hatása a sárgatestre emberben.

Authors removed dextro-ovary of a patient having 7-9th week of gestation for ovarian cyst during abortion. Preoperative cervical dilation was performed by Enzaprost-F cervical tablet containing 20 mg PGF2 agent. Before and 2, 4 and 6 hours after treatment, serum-progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol level was determined. Drug cervical dilation enabled instrumental termination of pregnancy within 4 hours. Histological finding of yellow body showed initial signs of colloid-cystic degeneration, which was followed by minimal decrease of values of serum-steroid concentrations. Authors presume that change in histological picture of yellow body was caused by effect of cervical tablet containing PGF2 agent.

PIP: The objective was to ascertain whether a pill containing PGF2alpha was of endocrinological consequence in humans, or possible its luteolytic effect had an anatomical substrate. The progesterone production of corpus luteum was significantly reduced by 20 mg of PGF2alpha placed in the cervix of primigravidas in 7-8 weeks of pregnancy possible indicative of the site of the anatomical substrate of PGF2alpha action. Case 1: Adjacent to the uterus of a tertigravida aged 25 at 7-8 weeks of gestation was a mobile, flexible, smooth, and not sensitive formation the size of a goose egg. Case 2: a secundigravida of aged 29 at 8-9 weeks of pregnancy. In front of the uterus of was a smooth-surfaced, flexible, mobile, not sensitive formation. Following evacuation of the uterus, laparotomy was performed in both cases after insertion of an Enzaprost-F pill (20 mg of PGF2alpha) into the cervix. Blood tests were taken prior to and 2, 4, and 6 hours after treatment for the determination of progesterone and 17-beta-estradiol levels by radioimmunoassay. Results of Case 1: an ovarial sac with corpus luteum was found, and the right adnexa was removed. Results of Case 2: also during laparotomy a cyst was detected on the right side with corpus luteum in it. Right adnexectomy was performed. Dilatation of the cervix with 20 mg of PGF2alpha: 8 mm 2 hours after and 13 mm (Hegar 13) 4 1/2 hours after insertion. Serum progesterone level was 34.7 nmol/1 prior to treatment and at 2, 4, and 6 hours afterwards it was 31.9 and 28.9 nmol/1. The respective serum 17-beta-estradiol levels increased from 7.656 nmol/1 to 7.630, 8.074, and 7.896 nmol/1. Histological examination indicated initial signs of a hypertrophic colloid-cystic aberration of the corpus luteum presumably through the influence of PGF2alpha. A lack of significant decrease of serum steroid concentration values also substantiate this supposition.