An overlooked relationship in recovery from substance use disorders: Associations between body mass index and negative emotional states.

Recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) is multifactorial. Being overweight could negatively impact physiological and psychological health-related parameters. Using model selection, we examined associations between body mass index (BMI) and negative emotional states (NES; e.g., stress, anxiety, depression) in 54 men with SUD and under treatment in five different therapeutic recovery centers. We found that BMI was positively associated with stress (p < .001), anxiety (p < .001), and depression (p = .002). Therefore, our findings suggest that decreasing the accumulation of body fat might contribute to improving mental health in individuals with SUD during recovery.

Does being overweight play a role in the reduced inhibitory control of patients receiving treatment for substance use disorder?

BACKGROUND: Impaired inhibitory control is present in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) and in those with obesity. However, the question as to whether patients with SUD who are either overweight or obese have impaired inhibitory control, relative to patients with SUD and normal weight, remains unanswered. METHODS: Sixty-two adult men (mean age: 31.17±8.79) under treatment for SUD performed a general and drug-specific inhibitory control test (GoNogo). Participants were divided in two groups based on their BMI. Patients with a BMI higher or equal than ≥25 kg/m² were in the overweight and obese group (OB), and patients with a BMI lower than 25 kg/m² were in the normal weight group (NW). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed to explore differences in drug-specific and general commission errors, as well as reaction time for go trials during both drug-specific and general inhibition tasks. Models were adjusted for anxiety, depression, age, and duration of drug use. RESULTS: No differences were found for commission errors in both tasks. With regards to reaction time, no differences were found for the general inhibitory control paradigm, whereas the OB group demonstrated slower reaction time during the drug specific paradigm, relative to the NW group (p=0.03, f2 = 0.09; OB: 520.65±71.39 ms vs. NW: 486.07±51.75 ms). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that those undergoing treatment for SUD and are either overweight or obese present impaired inhibitory control when facing drug cues. Future research should explore the effects of physical activity, nutritional counseling, and food monitoring on inhibitory control outcomes in SUD rehabilitation.

[Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with advanced burns]. / Profilaktika zheludochno-kishechnykh krovotechenii u patsientov s obshirnymi termicheskimi ozhogami.

AIM: To reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with advanced burns by developing a prophylactic algorithm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of retrospective group of 488 patients with thermal burns grade II-III over 20% of body surface area and prospective group of 135 patients with a similar thermal trauma. Standard clinical and laboratory examination was applied. Instrumental survey included fibrogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic pH-metry and invasive volumetric monitoring (PICCO plus). Statistical processing was carried out with Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and IBM SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: New algorithm significantly decreased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (p<0.001) and mortality rate (p=0.006) in patients with advanced burns.

[Risk factors of gastroduodenal bleeding in patients with severe burns].

An experience of treatment of 133 patients with severe bums was analyzed. Bleedings from the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract were diagnosed in 16 patients in different terms since their admission to the hospital. At the moment of carrying out of the endoscopic research all bleedings were considered as taking place. Statistically significant risk factors of the development of gastroduodenal bleedings were considered to be an alcoholic intoxication at the moment of injury and insufficient fluid therapy during the pre-admission stage and young age of the patients. The antisecretory therapy showed that the detection of risk factors in question should be regarded as an indication to the reinforced regime of preventive measures for gastroduodenal injuries.