Biodegradable tamarind kernel powder/kappa-carrageenan hydrogel for efficient removal of cationic dyes from effluents.

As an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, an eco-friendly biodegradable hydrogel was utilized in an effort to reduce the hydrogel production costs and decrease its negative impact on the environment. The biodegradable hydrogel of natural polysaccharides, tamarind kernel powder (tkp) with kappa-carrageenan (kcg), was employed as an adsorbent to remove cationic dyes from an aqueous environment. The impact of factors such as initial adsorbate concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage on maximum adsorption were investigated. The tkp-kcg hydrogel has a remarkable swelling percentage of 1840%. The high water penetration of the tkp-kcg hydrogel made the internal adsorption sites for safranin (SF) and auramine-O (AO) dye adsorption accessible. The correlation coefficient supported the Langmuir isotherm model's applicability, with maximum adsorption efficiency of 9.372 mg g-1 for SF and 9.225 mg g-1 for AO. The kinetics of adsorption revealed a pseudo-second order process. Adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic analyses. Furthermore, the adsorbent was effectively used for five consecutive cycles of SF and AO dye adsorption-desorption. The biodegradation of tkp-kcg hydrogel was characterized by percentage of weight loss, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The composting technique of biodegradation was used in the biodegradation studies. Using the composting process, 92.6% of the synthesized hydrogel was degraded after 70 days. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel has a high microbiological biodegradability. It is believed that the tkp-kcg hydrogel could have excellent wastewater and agricultural applications due to its high water absorption, excellent retention capacities, cost-effective and ecofriendly synthesis. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Microwave assisted tkp-kcg hydrogel was synthesized with the swelling percentage of 1840%. Synthesized hydrogel showed excellent cationic dyes (SF and AO) adsorption capacity with a good recyclability. The synthesized hydrogel showed very good biodegradability of 92.6 % in 70 days by using composite method.

Sustained release of edaravone from (2-hydroxypropyl)-ß-cyclodextrin mediated tamarind kernel powder/kappa-carrageenan hydrogel: Microwave-assisted synthesis and optimization using experimental design.

In the current study, a sustained release formulation made of natural polysaccharide tamarind kernel powder/kappa-carrageenan and (2-hydroxypropyl)-ß-cyclodextrin (2-Hp-ß-CD) was chosen to increase drug effectiveness. A kappa-carrageenan and tamarind kernel powder 3-D hydrogel network was synthesized with the aid of microwave irradiations. The ICs complexes were prepared using a physical mixture (PM), kneading (KM), and microwave (MW) approach and were then successfully loaded into the hydrogel. The synthesis of ICs was verified as a true IC using DSC, SEM, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 2D NMR ROESY. A study on the in vitro sustained release of EV at pH 2, 7, and 7.4 was conducted at 37 °C. The microwave (MW) method was the most effective method for preparing true ICs of EV and 2-Hp-ß-CD for sustained drug release, as evidenced by the drug release data, which indicated that PM and KM displayed a burst release of the drug. Ritger-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin were essential models for drug release. A phase solubility analysis was done to evaluate the IC's stoichiometry and complexation constant. Studies on drug release have shown that 2-Hp-ß-CD was effective at causing pH-responsive sustained drug release.