Evaluation of Outcome after Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture: Which Factors Are Relevant for Better Results?

Background: Femoral neck fractures (FNFs) are frequent orthopedic injuries in elderly patients. Despite improvements in clinical monitoring and advances in surgical procedures, 1-year mortality remains between 15% and 30%. The aim of this study is to identify variables that lead to better outcomes in patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) for FNFs. Methods: All patients who underwent cementless THA for FNF from January 2018 to December 2022 were identified. Patients aged more than 80 years old and with other post-traumatic lesions were excluded. Patient data and demographic characteristics were collected. The following data were also registered: time trauma/surgery, surgical approach, operative time, intraoperative complications, surgeon arthroplasty-trained or not, and anesthesia type. In order to search for any predictive factors of better short- and long-term outcomes, we performed different logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 92 patients were included. From multivariable logistic regression models, we derived that a direct anterior surgical approach and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification < 3 can predict improved short-term outcomes. Moreover, THAs performed by surgeons with specific training in arthroplasty have a lower probability of revision at 1 year. Mortality at 1 year was ultimately influenced by the ASA classification. Conclusions: A direct anterior approach and specific arthroplasty training of the surgeon appear to be able to improve the short- and long-term follow-up of THA after FNF.

Surgically treated acute distal biceps tendon injuries: What results do they have in comparison with the contralateral healthy arm? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Surgical repair of distal biceps tendon injury restores flexion and supination strength, resulting in good functional outcome. There are few studies that consider clinical results of the operated arm compared to the healthy contralateral arm, whereas there are many articles examining the results of different surgical techniques. We carried out a systematic review with meta-analysis of the studies that consider this comparison. The aim was to evaluate if there are significative differences in terms of functional results between the operated arm and the non-injured contralateral arm. In fact, we believe that this comparison is useful for assessing patient true satisfaction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In accordance with the PRISMA and QUORUM statements, a comprehensive search on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify studies reporting comparative functional results of the operated arm with healthy contralateral arm from January 1985 until November 2022. Criteria for inclusion were acute complete injury of the distal biceps' tendon operated within 30days; range of motion (ROM), isokinetic and isometric strength measurements; minimum patients follow-up of 24months; studies written in English language. Then a DerSimonian and Laird meta-analysis was conducted to compare the functional outcomes of the operated arm to the non-injured arm. RESULTS: Of the 588 initial studies, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria; methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A total of 272 surgically treated distal biceps ruptures were included in the study. The mean follow-up time was of 39.6months (24 to 72months). ROM flexion, pronation, and supination of the operated elbows were significantly decreased, with mean differences of -1.24̊ (p=0.004), -7.95̊ (p=0.003), and -9.27̊ (p=0.004) respectively, compared to the non-injured healthy elbows. The difference of ROM extension was not-statistically significant (+0.21̊; p=0.66). The Isokinetic data showed a statistically significant reduction in the flexion strength (-4.56Nm; p=0.0004) and a statistical significative reduction in the supination strength (-1.18 Nm; p=0.02) of the injured operated arm compared with the healthy one. The forest-plot table of the isometric data was not elaborated due to the small number of studies eligible for the meta-analysis. DISCUSSION: This study represents the first systematic review and meta-analysis to compare functional and clinical outcomes following operative treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures with the contralateral healthy arm. Significant differences in ROM flexion, supination, and pronation and in isokinetic and isometric data were found between the operated and non-operated unaffected arm, demonstrating that, as expected, the unaffected arm performed better than the operated one. However, the functional differences between the data of the operated and healthy arm were slight and lead us to overall consider surgery as good functional result. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: III.

Proximal fibular stress fracture in adolecent soccer player. A case report.

Fibular fractures are the third most common stress fractures in children and adolescents. Proximal fibular location is a very rare finding, with few reports in the literature and, frequently, careful investigations before a definitive diagnosis could be necessary. The authors report a case of an adolescent 13 years old soccer player with a proximal fibular fracture that was initially underestimated and misdiagnosed and ultimately confirmed as a stress lesion by MRI.

Metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension in rhizartrosis: is surgical correction necessary?

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rhizarthrosis represents 10% of all arthritic manifestations and its prevalence increases with age and in women. The hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPj) is consequent to a progressive dorsoradial subluxation of the trapeziometacarpal joint (TMj) in advanced osteoarthritis. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical and functional results of 32 patients affected by advanced rhizarthrosis who underwent to modified Burton-Pellegrini's trapeziectomy in absence of surgical correction of MCPj hyperextension in order to understand when this last step is really necessary. METHODS: Patients were assessed trough DASH and PRWHE questionnaires; the functionality of the hand was assessed by carrying out specific test (grip strength, key-pinch, kapandji test, reduction of wrist flexion strength) and the degree of MCP joint hyperextension was recorded. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation and individual satisfactory were positive in most cases (mean DASH 19 and mean PRWHE 21.8, with a reduction of 77% of VAS pain score). Kapandji test was excellent in 26 patients and grip strength and key pinch were stackable in operated and non-operated hands. Twenty-five out 32 patients presented a MCP joint hyperextension between 0° and 5°, 5 of 10° and other 2 of 15°. CONCLUSION: Modified Burton-Pellegrini's trapeziectomy is a valid option to treat patient with TMj osteoarthritis. The absence of surgical correction of the MCPj does not affect clinical and functional results in deformities <15°.

Dair approach in 7 infected total hip arthroplasties: our experience and current concepts of the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging complications following total hip arthroplasty. In early infection, within four to twelve weeks from surgery, debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) can be the initial treatment. The aim of this study is to report our case series and review current concepts reported in the literature about this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational cohort study that included 7 patients managed with DAIR for PJI following primary total hip replacement (THR) between 2014 and 2020. Inclusion criteria were a primary THR, direct anterior or lateral approach, DAIR procedure, and PJI. Exclusion criteria were a PJI following a revision total hip replacement or hemiarthroplasty, posterolateral approach, 1-stage revision, 2-stage revision, and Girdlestone procedure without prior DAIR. For each patient demographic characteristics, laboratory values, microorganisms involved, antibiotic therapy and outcome at one-year follow-up were registered. RESULTS: The mean duration between THR and DAIR was 19 days. In all cases only one DAIR procedure was performed. Most infections were caused by Staphylococcus aureus (4 cases) [one methicillin resistant (MRSA)]. The other infections were caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus coagulase negative and Escherichia coli. At the final follow-up, the procedure was considered as successful in 6 out of 7 patients (85%). The one with unsuccessful outcome underwent to a two-stage revision. DISCUSSION: Our results were comparable with those of a recent systematic review of the literature. Factors that have been postulated to influence the outcome of DAIR in the management of PJIs include the timing and numbers of debridement, the exchange of components, the responsible microorganism and the duration of antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, the outcomes following DAIR are better as the indications are refined and risk factors identified. PJI prevention remains the key but the current literature still lacks well documented and effective PJI prevention protocols. (www.actabiomedica.it).

Distal tibial fractures treated with intramedullary nailing: management of associated posterior and medial malleolar injuries.

INTRODUCTION: Articular tibial ankle injuries may occur in association with distal tibial fractures, especially in those characterized by spiral or oblique shape. These lesions are often misdiagnosed and overlooked with significant biomechanical and clinical consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients affected by posterior and medial malleolar ankle fractures associated with distal tibial fracture who underwent intramedullary nailing at a follow-up of 3 years. Furthermore authors wanted to highlight the correct sequence of diagnosis and fixation in these associated fracture patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All treated patients between 2006 and 2016 (Group 1) were compared with a control group (Group 2) without ankle lesions. Demographic variables and data related to surgical procedure and hospitalization were documented and analyzed. X-rays and computed tomography before operation were reviewed to identify type of fracture; radiographs after surgery and at follow-up were respectively analyzed to study the quality of joint reduction and the development of osteoarthritis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using OMAS and DRI scores. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were in group 1 and 36 in group 2. In group 1 longer operating time and hospitalization were documented. Quality of reduction in group 1 was always satisfactory. No signs of osteoartritis were detected at 3 years follow-up. The mean union time was 23.6 weeks for group 1 and 20,4 for group 2 (p=0.111). No differences in clinical scores were documented after 6 months. The full weight-bearing time was longer in group 1 (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical results appeared similar. No osteoarthritis was documented in group 1 as consequence of good articular reduction that is better and more easily executable if malleolar ankle fractures are fixed before intramedullary nailing. In distal tibial fractures CT has always to be performed to recognize associated ankle lesions as it may modify the surgical plan, postoperative management and outcomes.

Involvement of the medial and lateral epicondyles in distal humeral coronal shear fractures: Case series and literature review.

PURPOSE: Epicondyle involvement in capitellar and trochlear fractures is often considered a simple associated lesion that does not substantially change treatment or prognosis. Although theoretically predicted in reviews, case series almost never report elbow prosthesis use in comminuted coronal shear injuries associated with epicondylar fracture in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to focus on this underestimated injury pattern that can be a negative risk factor for treatment and prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus treated from 2016 to 2019. Fractures were classified according to Dubberley. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were performed when possible. Partial or total elbow replacement was used in severely comminuted fractures with epicondylar involvement in four elderly patients. RESULTS: Nineteen consecutive patients were selected (mean age: 62.4 years), of which 10 had type 3A/3B fractures, and seven had both medial and lateral epicondylar involvement. The mean follow-up duration was 31.78 months. The average Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) score was 81.05 points, with 7 excellent, 8 good, 1 fair, and 3 poor results. The average MEPI score of Dubberley's type 1 and type 2 was better than that of type 3 (mean: 92 vs. 72, p = 0.02). Further, the results of average range of motion were better in patients who had sustained Dubberley types 1 and 2 lesions than those with Dubberley type 3 lesion (mean: 133° vs. 85°, p = 0.002). Two patients out of three who required intra-operative conversion to total elbow arthroplasty had poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous presence of fracture of one or both epicondyles are usually associated with severe joint comminutions and makes ORIF more challenging, especially among elderly women. In these cases, primary total elbow prosthesis implantation could be a valid treatment option.

Early weight bearing in acetabular and pelvic fractures.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: The incidence of pelvic and acetabular fractures is increasing during the years, counting 37 pelvic fractures per 100000 people annually. No weight bearing or toe touch weight bearing are usually chosen in the initial management to allow fracture and ligamentous healing and avoid fracture displacement and fixation failure. On the other hand, early weight bearing may stimulate fracture healing and allow prompt functional recovery, faster return to work and recreational activities and reduce complications linked to late rehabilitation.  Aim of the study is to review the literature about weight bearing indications for pelvic and acetabular fractures to highlight clinical and biomechanical evidence supporting early weight bearing. METHODS: Two independent reviewers independently extracted studies on early weight bearing of pelvic and acetabular fractures. All selected studies were screened independently based on title and abstract. Then the full text of any article that either judged potentially eligible was acquired and reviewed again. Any disagreement was resolved by discussing the full text manuscripts. RESULTS: 44 studies including reviews, meta-analysis, clinical and biomechanical studies were selected. CONCLUSIONS: Despite biomechanical data, few clinical evidences can be found to support early weight bearing in pelvic and especially acetabular fractures treatment. The promising results of some clinical experiences, however, should direct further studies to clearly define the indications and limits of early weight bearing in these injuries. Recognizing intrinsic lesion stability and bone and fixation technique quality, together with patient age and compliance, should be the mainstay for post-operative management choice.

Long-term results after modified Burton-Pellegrini's technique in 24 cases affected by advanced rhizarthrosis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Rhizarthrosis common in elderly and represents 10% of all artrhitic manifestations. Trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition remains the gold standard for stages II to IV according to Eaton and Littler. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the results of 24 patients affected by advanced rhizarthrosis who underwent to modified Burton-Pellegrini's trapeziectomy with ligamentoplasty using the entire flexor carpi radialis tendon. METHODS: Patients were assessed through DASH and PRWHE questionnaires; the examination focused also on pain symptoms (VAS score) and the results obtained in carrying out specific tests to evaluate the trapezius-metacarpal functionality (key-pinch, grip strength, Kapandji test, reduction of wrist flexion). Furthermore, postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation and individual satisfaction were positive in most cases (mean DASH 18,8 and mean PRWHE 21,7). VAS pain score reduced of 76.7%, grip strength and key pinch were similar to those of the non-operated hand and Kapandji test was excellent in 20 patients.  One superficial wound infection was encountered which resolved by specific antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the most appropriate treatment depends on clinical conditions and socio-occupational factors of the patient (age, sex and functional needs), the degree of osteoarthritis and the presence of deformaties of the first metacarpophalangeal joint. Surgery aims to relief pain and to improve joint function and strength. According to the results observed this surgical technique has to be considered a valid option for the treatment of advanced rhizarthrosis as it provides pain relief, stability and mobility of the thumb.

Abductor muscle strengthening in THA patients operated with minimally-invasive anterolateral approach for developmental hip dysplasia.

OBJECTIVE: In developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) patients, the chronic dislocation of the femoral head with respect to the true acetabulum determines muscle contracture and atrophy, particularly of the abductor muscles, and leads to secondary osteoarthritis (OA) with severe motor dysfunction, pain and disability. The correct positioning when a total hip replacement (THR) is performed is fundamental to the recovery of gait function. Also, inadequate rehabilitation of the abductor muscles for pelvic stabilisation can be responsible for residual dysfunction. Consensus on a programme for abductor muscle strengthening in these patients is not currently available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific program of exercises for strengthening the abductor muscles in these patients. METHODS: A multicentre, prospective, randomised clinical trial was carried out in an outpatient rehabilitation setting on 103 patients given THR for DDH through a minimally-invasive anterolateral approach. Patients were randomly divided into a Study Group, including 46 patients, and a Control Group, including 57 patients. All patients underwent standard early postoperative rehabilitation. In addition, the Study Group were given an extra 2-week rehabilitation once full weight-bearing on the operated limb was allowed, aimed at strengthening the abductor muscles. All patients were evaluated preoperatively, and at about 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Clinical measures (lower limb-length differences, hip range of motion, abductor muscle strength), and functional measures (WOMAC, HHS, 10mt WT, SF-12) were taken. RESULTS: Hip range of motion and functional outcome measures showed a progressive improvement at follow ups in both groups, significantly higher in the Study Group. In particular, abductor strength at 6 months post-op improved by 92.5% with respect to 35.7% in the Control Group. CONCLUSION: In addition to standard rehabilitation, a rehabilitation programme for strengthening the gluteal muscles in DDH patients who underwent THR determined an increase in muscle strength that improved functional performance and patient satisfaction.

Neck modularity in total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study of nine hundred twenty-eight titanium neck implants with a maximum follow-up of eighteen years.

PURPOSE: Neck modularity was introduced to improve total hip arthroplasty (THA) accuracy, but it has been associated with early breakages and corrosion issues. In our hospital, modular necks have been in clinical use since the 1990s. We retrospectively analysed the occurrence of these sequelae in implants placed between January 2000 and December 2014. METHODS: Survival data from patients operated on in our hospital were obtained from the regional arthroplasty registry (Registro dell'Impiantologia Protesica Ortopedica, RIPO). The cohort comprised 928 THAs on 908 patients. The average patient age was 67.8 years. Main indications were primary osteoarthritis (71.4%), fracture (9.2%), congenital dysplasia or congenital luxation (7.8%), and idiopathic osteonecrosis (6.4%). All femoral stems were cementless, with 318 anatomically shaped (34.3%), 579 straight (62.4%), and 31 short stems (3.3%). All necks used were made of titanium alloy. The average follow-up time was 9.6 years (range, 4-18 years). RESULTS: In total, 66 revisions were reported. The main revision causes were periprosthetic fractures (33.3%), aseptic stem loosening (19.7%), luxation (18.2%), and implant breakage (12.1%). Five modular neck breakages were recorded. The overall survival rate was 87.7% at 17 years. We did not observe any component corrosion. The neck breakage rate was 0.5%, and the luxation rate was 1.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that neck modularity is a safe, effective way to reconstruct the proximal femur in THA patients. We attribute the absence of corrosion to the exclusive use of titanium necks.

The orthopaedic and traumatology scenario during Covid-19 outbreak in Italy: chronicles of a silent war.

BACKGROUND: From February 21, the day of hospitalisation in ICU of the first diagnosed case of Covid-19, the social situation and the hospitals' organisation throughout Italy dramatically changed. METHODS: The CIO (Club Italiano dell'Osteosintesi) is an Italian society devoted to the study of traumatology that counts members spread in public and private hospitals throughout the country. Fifteen members of the CIO, Chairmen of 15 Orthopaedic and Trauma Units of level 1 or 2 trauma centres in Italy, have been involved in the study. They were asked to record data about surgical, outpatients clinics and ER activity from the 23rd of February to the 4th of April 2020. The data collected were compared with the data of the same timeframe of the previous year (2019). RESULTS: Comparing with last year, overall outpatient activity reduced up to 75%, overall Emergency Room (ER) trauma consultations up to 71%, elective surgical activity reduced up to 100% within two weeks and trauma surgery excluding femoral neck fractures up to 50%. The surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures showed a stable reduction from 15 to 20% without a significant variation during the timeframe. CONCLUSIONS: Covid-19 outbreak showed a tremendous impact on all orthopaedic trauma activities throughout the country except for the surgical treatment of femoral neck fractures, which, although reduced, did not change in percentage within the analysed timeframe.

Greetings from the SERTOT President.

Dear Members, we are going through a difficult period in every aspect, which has seen us to react to the epidemic aggression and then to reconstruct what has been damaged or destroyed. In the phase of overcoming the period of "heroic" activity, the risk is that there will be a tendency to tiredness and renunciation. We have to react and regain our personal and professional strength and even the SERTOT must react. Because of this, it is with great pleasure that I introduce the volume 4-2020 Acta Biomedica Supplement - Advances in Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation - SERTOT. The vitality of our Scientific Society is demonstrated by its ability to publish scientific papers also in this particular period of the life. This is the first issue in 2020 but I am confident that our Society will publish also to the second one. SERTOT has always stimulated their members to send articles to the magazine focused on different orthopaedics and traumatologic topics. For these reasons, I am very happy that, also in this circumstance, contributions have arrived particularly numerous. A special thanks to the Deputy Editors Francesco Pogliacomi and Paolo Di Benedetto for the personal commitment and passion dedicated to the magazine and to the sponsors who have guaranteed the release of this journal in the past years and this year. Sincerely.

Antegrade intramedullary nailing in proximal humeral fractures: results of 23 cases.

INTRODUCTION: the metaepiphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus represent 5% of all fractures and mainly affect elderly patients. The type of treatment remain controversial. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinic and radiographic results of 23 patients affected by two or three fragments fractures of the proximal humerus with or without metaphyseal extension treated with antegrade intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: all patients were clinically evaluated using the "Constant score" (CS) and individual satisfaction was assessed with a visual scale (VS). Moreover, the fracture's healing process and the neck shaft angle (NSA) were assessed radiographically. RESULTS: the mean follow-up was 72 months (24-120). Clinical evaluation and individual satisfaction were positive in most cases (mean CS 79,39 and VS 3,17). Worse results were observed in patients over 65 years. DISCUSSION: among the different surgical options intramedullary nailing ensures good fracture stability and high consolidation rate. The entry point through the rotator cuff is of main importance as well as proximal nail positioning and choice of the locking screws length. In this study the functional results of the shoulder are worse in the elderly, who are supposed to have already a degenerated rotator cuff. CONCLUSIONS: antegrade intramedullary nailing should be considered a valid therapeutic option in this type of fractures. The surgical technique may influence functional results, as consequence of iatrogenic damage of the rotator cuff.

Simple and stable elbow dislocations: results after conservative treatment.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: In adults, elbow dislocations are second in frequency after shoulder dislocations. They are often the result of a trauma due to accidental falls on the palm of the hand with the elbow flexed. In most cases this mechanism produces a posterior dislocation of the radius and ulna with respect to the humerus. The therapeutic approach was usually conservative in the past and it was characterized by manual reduction and plaster immobilization. More recently, as consequence of biomechanic and pathophysiology studies, the management of these injuries has gradually changed. The current trend is to immobilize the elbow only for few days and to evaluate its stability several times. In case of instability surgery may be indicated. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of simple stable elbow dislocations treated conservatively between january 2012 and december 2018. METHODS: Twenty-six patients were included. All subjects underwent to a follow-up visit, in which clinical functional tests were performed in order to evaluate any stiffness in flexion-extension, prono-supination and instability in varus-valgus. In addition, patients were asked to complete three questionnaires (DASH, MEPS, SF-36) to evaluate how much the pathology interfered with ADL's. RESULTS: Outcomes showed that prolonged immobilization increased stiffness in flexion and extension with the need of longer reabilithation. The recovery of prono-supination was instead always optimal. ADL's migth be influenced by the traumatic event and its management. CONCLUSIONS: Results of conservative treatment of simple elbow dislocation are generally satisfactory. A precise flow-chart of the patient management after trauma is essential in order to detect unstable lesions and.

Subtrocantheric nonunion following fracture of an arthrodesed hip: a case report.

In recent years in the era of successful of total hip replacement, hip arthrodesis is rarely performed. The anatomy and biomechanics of an arthrodesed hip is altered, thus influencing the treatments strategies in case of fracture or nonunions. This case report describes the management and therapeutic solution for the treatment of subtrochanteric nonunion in a patient with hip arthrodesis. Satisfactory outcomes were finally obtained after a double surgical procedure.

Distal femur nonunion treated with retrograde intramedullary nailing and RIA: a case report.

The current treatment of distal femur fractures includes locking plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing. These fractures are difficult to manage also for experienced surgeons, with results not always satisfactory. Reported nonunion rates now range from 0 to 34%. Factors associated with nonunion include comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes, as well as the presence of open fractures, medial bone defects and comminuted fractures. This case report summarizes all of these assumptions and it concerns a 58 years old patient who underwent to 6 surgical procedures before to arrive to bone healing.

Proximal femur fractures in COVID-19 emergency: the experience of two Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments in the first eight weeks of the Italian epidemic.

INTRODUCTION: CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is a worldwide infection which is causing millions of deaths. A significant number of elderly patients require hospitalization and develop serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary impact (8 weeks) of CoVID-19, focusing on proximal femur fractures, analyzing data and results compared to the same period of 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 22nd to April 18th, 2020 we surgically treated 121 proximal femur fractures (61 in Piacenza; 60 in Parma, 16 male, 44 female, mean age 81.1). In the same period of 2019, we treated 169 proximal femur fractures (90 in Piacenza, 33 male, 57 female, mean age 81.9; 79 in Parma, 29 males, 50 female, mean age 80.2). We had 21/61 (34.4%) patients resulted positive for COVID-19 and 11/61 in Parma (18.3%), based on nasal-pharyngeal swab, chest CT scan and/or lung US findings. RESULTS: The incidence of proximal femur fractures had a significant reduction during CoVID-19 spread in Piacenza and Parma. Authors have noticed an elevated number of deaths within 21 days after surgery. Piacenza: 4 cases in 2019 (4.4%) and 11 in 2020 (18.0%), of which 9 cases CoVID positive. In Parma in 2019 two deaths were encountered; in 2020 6 patients died and 5 cases were CoVID positive. CONCLUSION: In the first two months of the Italian epidemic, in the cities of Piacenza and Parma over 80% of deaths have occurred in patients over 70 years old. Even if preliminary, our study shows a significant increase in death in elderly patients surgically treated for proximal femur fractures, particularly in the Piacenza Hospital.

Monteggia-like lesions: preliminary reports and mid-term results of a single center.

Background and aim of the work Monteggia-like lesions are complex and rare elbow injuries. A detailed classification and a proper surgical treatment can provide quite good functional and radiological outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the mid-term results of Monteggia-like lesions surgical treatment. The other purpose was to investigate whether the complexity of ulna and radius fractures could be prognostic factors of insufficient functional results. Methods Seven women and five men, with a mean age of 59,25 years who had sustained a Monteggia-like lesion were followed up clinically and radiologically after surgical treatment. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QUICK-DASH) score were used for evaluation at a mean of 17,5 months postoperatively (12-26). The range of movement (ROM), patients' satisfaction and neurological symptoms were also investigated. Osteolysis, implant loosening and heterotopic ossification were graded. Pearson's test was used to correlate the different classification systems used (AO/OTA, Bado and Jupiter, PURCCS, Mason) with MEPS and QUICK-DASH score. Results The mean MEPS was 84,92 (65 to 100). The mean QUICK-DASH score was 18,75 (0 to 34,1). The mean active pronation and supination was 72,5° and 59,17°, respectively. The mean active ROM of the elbow was 101,43°. Heterotopic ossifications were absent in six cases but were found in six. No statistically significant correlation was found between the analyzed variables. Conclusions Quite good functional results can be obtained in Monteggia-like lesions if injury pattern is recognized and each component of the injury is addressed. Further studies are needed to determine any prognostic factors.

Efficacy and safety of viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid for hip osteoarthritis: results from a cross-sectional study with a minimum follow-up of 4 years.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of disability in elderly. Hip osteoarthritis is the second most frequent form affecting a large joint and the social and economic impact on society of its related disability is expected to increase. The purpose of this study was to verify the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided viscosupplementation with high weight hyaluronic acid in hip osteoarthritis. METHODS: 183 patients with painful hip OA (Kellgren-Lawrence 1-2-3) were treated from January 2014 to December 2016 with viscosupplementation. Patients were evaluated before injection (T0) and after 1,2,3,4 years through the VAS scale and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Patients who underwent to subsequent injections were followed and assessed. Subjects who underwent prosthesis were analyzed for a minimum of 6 months in order to detect any early postoperative complication. RESULTS: The mean improvement of HHS and VAS between T0 and T1 was statistically significant. Patients who underwent subsequent injections showed a higher improvement even if statistical significance was not observed. Results showed that patients with grade 2 of osteoarthritis had the higher change in the scores. No adverse effects were registered. No early complications were reported in those patients who needed prosthesis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Results observed confirm that ultrasound-guided viscosupplementation with high weight hyaluronic acid could be a possibility in the treatment of hip osteoarthritis, especially in patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 of disease. Subsequent injections are not characterized by similar positive effects. Outcomes of prosthetic surgery are not influenced by viscosupplementation.