Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications and prescription dynamics in elderly hospitalized patients in Spain.

PURPOSE: In recent years, the need for a more appropriate prescription of medications in the older population has emerged as a significant public health concern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in hospitalized adults aged ≥ 75. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective descriptive observational study of patients at 16 hospitals in Spain. The study population included inpatients aged ≥ 75 admitted during a 7-day period (May 10 to 16, 2021). Data were obtained from the pharmacy databases of the participating hospitals. The list of PIMs was based on the Beers, STOPP-START, EU-PIM and PRISCUS criteria. RESULTS: A total of 4,183 patients were included. PIMs were detected in 23.5% (N = 1,126) of the cohort. The prevalence rates at the participating hospitals ranged from 10% to 42.5%. The PIM/patient ratio was 1.2. The most common PIMs were midazolam, dexketoprofen, diazepam, and doxazosin, all of which (except for doxazosin) were more common in women. Benzodiazepines accounted for 70% of all PIMs. In 35% of cases, the PIMs were initiated before hospital admission. Of the 818 PIMs initiated during hospitalization, the two most common were benzodiazepines (49%) and anti-inflammatory drugs (25%). At discharge, only 4.9% of the PIMs initiated during the hospital stay were still prescribed. CONCLUSION: In this population of older hospitalized patients, the overall prevalence of PIMs was moderate. However, the prevalence rate at the participating hospitals was highly variable. In most cases, PIMs prescribed prior to hospitalization for chronic conditions were not withdrawn during the hospital stay. No significant increase in PIMs was observed from pre-admission to post-discharge. These findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary interventions to optimize the pharmaceutical treatment in older adults in the hospital setting to reduce the consequences of PIMs in patients.

Adherence to oral anticancer treatments: network and sentiment analysis exploring perceived internal and external determinants in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSE: Adherence to oral anticancer treatments (OATs) is a critical issue in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to enhance survivorship and quality of life. The study is aimed to analyze the main themes and attributes related to OATs in MBC patients. This research is part of a project titled "Enhancing Therapy Adherence Among Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients" designed to produce a predictive model of non-adherence, a decision support system, and guidelines to improve adherence to OATs. METHODS: The study consists of an exploratory observational and qualitative analysis using a focus group method. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to handle relevant OAT themes. Wordcloud plots, network analysis, and sentiment analysis were performed. RESULTS: Nineteen female MBC patients participated in the protocol (age mean 55.95, SD = 6.87). Four main themes emerged: (theme 1) individual clinical pathway; (theme 2) barriers to adherence; (theme 3) resources to adherence; (theme 4) patients' perception of new technologies. The Wordcloud and network analysis highlighted the important role of treatment side effects and the relationship with the clinician in the modulation of adherence behavior. This result is consistent with the sentiment analysis underscoring patients experience fear of issues related to clinical values and ineffective communication and discontinuity of the doctor in charge of the patient care. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the key role of the individual, relational variables, and side effects as internal and external determinants influencing adherence to MBC. Finally, the opportunity offered by eHealth technology to connect with other patients with similar conditions and share experiences could be a relief for MBC patients.

Characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of the Mexican endemic bats Corynorhinus mexicanus and Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae).

BACKGROUND: The genus Corynorhinus is composed of four recognized species: C. rafinesquii, C. townsendii, C. mexicanus, and C. leonpaniaguae, the latter two being endemic to Mexico. According to the IUCN, C. mexicanus is considered "Near Threatened", as its populations are dwindling and habitats are affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Corynorhinus leonpaniaguae has not been assigned to an IUCN Red List risk category due to its recent description. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of C. mexicanus and C. leonpaniaguae were assembled and characterized in detail. The mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) of C. mexicanus and C. leonpaniaguae have lengths of 16,470 and 16,581 bp respectively, with a predominant nucleotide usage of adenine (31.670% and 31.729%, respectively) and thymine (26.15% and 26.18%, respectively). The mtDNA of C. mexicanus and C. leonpaniaguae is composed of 37 coding and non-coding elements: 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs and a non-coding region, the control region, which has a length of 933 bp and 1,149 bp, respectively. All tRNAs exhibited a cloverleaf secondary structure, with the exception of trn-Ser1 which showed a deletion of the dihydrouridine arm in the two species. All PCGs are subjected to purifying selection, with atp8 being the gene showing the highest Ka/Ks value. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first whole mitogenomic resources developed for C. mexicanus and C. leonpaniaguae and enhance our knowledge of the ecology of these species and aid in their conservation.

Prospective study for the early detection of lung carcinoma in patients with HIV infection (GESIDA study 8815).

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer (LC) screening detects tumors early. The prospective GESIDA 8815 study was designed to assess the usefulness of this strategy in HIV + people (PLHIV) by performing a low-radiation computed tomography (CT) scan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 371 heavy smokers patients were included (>20 packs/year), >45 years old and with a CD4+ <200 mm3 nadir. One visit and CT scan were performed at baseline and 4 for follow-up time annually. RESULTS: 329 patients underwent the baseline visit and CT (CT0) and 206 completed the study (CT1 = 285; CT2 = 259; CT3 = 232; CT4 = 206). All were receiving ART. A total >8 mm lung nodules were detected, and 9 early-stage PCs were diagnosed (4 on CT1, 2 on CT2, 1 on CT3 and 2 on CT4). There were no differences between those who developed LC and those who did not in sex, age, CD4+ nadir, previous lung disease, family history, or amount of packets/year. At each visit, other pathologies were diagnosed, mainly COPD, calcified coronary artery and residual tuberculosis lesions. At the end of the study, 38 patients quit smoking and 75 reduced their consumption. Two patients died from LC and 16 from other causes (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The design of the present study did not allow us to define the real usefulness of the strategy. Adherence to the test progressively decreased over time. The diagnosis of other thoracic pathologies is very frequent. Including smokers in an early diagnosis protocol for LC could help to quit smoking.

[Translated article] Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability: Implications in the innervation of the subscapularis muscle.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.

Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability: Implications in the innervation of the subscapularis muscle. / Técnica de Latarjet para la inestabilidad anterior de hombro: implicaciones en la inervación del músculo subescapular.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to describe whether Latarjet's technique affects subscapularis muscle innervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 12 embalmed shoulders. Subscapularis muscle innervation pattern was registered. Dimensions of the subscapularis at the glenohumeral joint line and the nerves entry point were measured. Horizontal distances from the nerves to the glenohumeral joint line as well as vertical ones to the split were measured before and after Latarjet procedure. A safe zone for the split was designed to avoid damage to subscapularis innervation. RESULTS: Subscapularis muscle is innervated by three principal branches: upper, middle, and inferior subscapularis nerves. No statistical differences were found between innervation distances before and after Latarjet procedure. To perform subscapularis split along the muscle safe zone, two thirds' proportions throughout all the split must be maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Subscapularis muscle has a triple innervation and was not altered after Latarjet procedure. Therefore, Latarjet technique seems to respect subscapularis muscle innervation if its split is placed through the subscapularis muscle safe zone.

Next Steps: Survivor Healthcare Passport - A Novel Form of Survivorship Care Plan in the Pediatric Population.

PURPOSE: Survivorship care plans (SCPs) have been instrumental in aiding transition from cancer treatment to survivorship care, which contains the diagnosis, treatment, potential late effects, and recommended follow-up. There has been paucity of research on its efficacy and lack of guidelines on development and delivery of SCPs. The Next Steps Survivorship Clinic at Children's Wisconsin uses a Survivorship Healthcare Passport (SHP), a SCP pocket-sized card. This study aims to improve understanding of patient and parent use of the SHP at a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to cancer survivors (14 to 28 y old) and parents/guardians who received the SCP. Data was analyzed with descriptive and correlation statistics. RESULTS: Older survivors were reliable in carrying their SHP, and endorsed greater confidence in understanding its contents leading to a notion of improved ability to coordinate care. Younger survivors tend to rely on their parents. A preference for a smartphone application as another platform was noted. CONCLUSIONS: This form of SCP has shown to benefit older survivors which directly impacts the notion of efficacy in care coordination. IMPLICATION FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Providing easy-to-access information may encourage survivors to advocate for their health and to facilitate transition of care.

[Translated article] Comparative biomechanical study of two configurations of cemented screws in a simulated proximal humerus fracture fixed with locking plate.

INTRODUCTION: Screw tip augmentation with bone cement for fixation of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures seems to improve stability and to decrease the rate of complications related to implant failure. However, the optimal augmentation combinations are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relative stability of two augmentations combinations under axial compression load in a simulated proximal humerus fractures fixed with locking plate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A surgical neck osteotomy was created in five pairs of embalmed humeri with a mean age of 74 years (range 46-93 years), secured with a stainless-steel locking-compression plate. In each pair of humeri, on the right humerus were cemented the screws A and E, and in the contralateral side were cemented screws B and D of the locking plate. The specimens were first tested cyclically in axial compression for 6000 cycles to evaluate interfragmentary motion (dynamic study). At the end of the cycling test, the specimens were loaded in compression force simulating varus bending with increasing load magnitude until failure of the construct (static study). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in interfragmentary motion between the two configurations of cemented screws in the dynamic study (p=0.463). When tested to failure, the configuration of cemented screws in lines B and D demonstrated higher compression load to failure (2218N vs. 2105, p=0.901) and higher stiffness (125N/mm vs. 106N/mm, p=0.672). However, no statistically significant differences were reported in any of these variables. CONCLUSIONS: In simulated proximal humerus fractures, the configuration of the cemented screws does not influence the implant stability when a low-energy cyclical load is applied. Cementing the screws in rows B and D provides similar strength to the previously proposed cemented screws configuration and could avoid complications observed in clinical studies.

Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Autoimmune Diseases in People Living with HIV.

Since the introduction of modern antiretroviral treatment for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), the pattern of autoimmune diseases (ADs) in people living with HIV (PWH) might have changed. This is a retrospective study in a cohort of 5,665 PWH at the HIV Clinic of Hospital Universitario La Paz (Spain) to estimate the prevalence of ADs from January 1990 to June 2020. We divided the timeline into four periods: <1996, 1996-2006, 2006-2015, and 2015-2020. In total 369 participants were diagnosed with at least one AD, with a prevalence of 5.3% (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.9). In total, 302 (81%) participants were diagnosed simultaneously or after HIV diagnosis. Most prevalent diseases were immune thrombopenia (IT) (n = 90), cutaneous psoriasis (n = 52), autoimmune thyroid disorders (n = 36), spondylarthritis (n = 24), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n = 21). There was a significant trend for more ADs in recent periods (p = .037). In recent years, participants with ADs were older, had a long time since HIV diagnosis, and had higher CD4+ T cell count and higher CD4+ T cell nadir (temporal linear trend p < .001). There was a change in the pattern of ADs over time with a decrease in IT and an increase in spondylarthritis, arthritis, IBD, and thyroid disorders. One hundred thirty-nine participants (46%) were coinfected with HCV, with a steady decline throughout the study period. Only cryoglobulinemia was statistically associated with HCV infection. AD increases over time in PWH with reasonable immune virological control. We observed a higher frequency of spondylarthritis, arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and IBD in recent years.

Comparative biomechanical study of two configurations of cemented screws in a simulated proximal humerus fracture fixed with locking plate. / Estudio biomecánico comparativo de dos configuraciones de tornillos cementados en una fractura simulada de húmero proximal fijada con placa y tornillos bloqueados.

INTRODUCTION: Screw tip augmentation with bone cement for fixation of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures seems to improve stability and to decrease the rate of complications related to implant failure. However, the optimal augmentation combinations are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relative stability of two augmentations combinations under axial compression load in a simulated proximal humerus fractures fixed with locking plate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A surgical neck osteotomy was created in five pairs of embalmed humeri with a mean age of 74 years (range 46-93 years), secured with a stainless-steel locking-compression plate. In each pair of humeri, on the right humerus were cemented the screws A and E, and in the contralateral side were cemented screws B and D of the locking plate. The specimens were first tested cyclically in axial compression for 6,000 cycles to evaluate interfragmentary motion (dynamic study). At the end of the cycling test, the specimens were loaded in compression force simulating varus bending with increasing load magnitude until failure of the construct (static study). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in interfragmentary motion between the two configurations of cemented screws in the dynamic study (p=0.463). When tested to failure, the configuration of cemented screws in lines B and D demonstrated higher compression load to failure (2218N vs. 2105, p=0.901) and higher stiffness (125N/mm vs. 106N/mm, p=0.672). However, no statistically significant differences were reported in any of these variables. CONCLUSIONS: In simulated proximal humerus fractures, the configuration of the cemented screws does not influence the implant stability when a low-energy cyclical load is applied. Cementing the screws in rows B and D provides similar strength to the previously proposed cemented screws configuration and could avoid complications observed in clinical studies.

Efficacy of Antiresorptive Treatment in Osteoporotic Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate concerns surrounding the benefits of antiresorptive drugs in older adults, a systematic review was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in the prevention of osteoporotic hip fractures in older adults. DESIGN: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: older adults ≥65 years with osteoporosis, with or without a previous fragility fracture. Studies with cancer-related and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis, participants <65 years and no reported hip fracture were not included. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched. The primary outcome was hip fracture, and subgroup analysis (≥75 years, with different drug types and secondary prevention) and sensitivity analysis was carried out using a GRADE evaluation. Secondary outcomes were any type of fractures, vertebral fracture, bone markers and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessment with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS: A total of 12 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) qualified for this meta-analysis, with 36,196 participants. Antiresorptive drugs have a statistically significant effect on the prevention of hip fracture (RR=0.70; 95%CI 0.60 to 0.81), but with a moderate GRADE quality of evidence and a high number needed to treat (NNT) of 186. For other outcomes, there is a statistically significant effect, but with a low to moderate quality of evidence. Antiresorptives showed no reduction in the risk of hip fracture in people ≥75 years. The results for different drug types, secondary prevention and sensitivity analysis are similar to the main analyses and have the same concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Antiresorptive drugs have a statistically significant effect on preventing hip fracture but with a moderate quality (unclear/high risk of bias) and high NNT (186). This small benefit disappears in those ≥75 years, but increases in secondary prevention. More RCTs in very old osteoporotic adults are needed.

[Real-world efficacy of switching to bictegravir/ emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in pretreated patients with triple therapy containing rilpivirine]. / Eficacia en vida real del cambio a bictegravir/ emtricitabina/tenofovir alafenamida en pacientes previamente tratados con pautas triples que contienen rilpivirina.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and tolerability of the strategy to change from rilpivirine (RPV) based regimens to bictegravir / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF). METHODS: Single-center, observational and retrospective study. Patients who made the change to B/F/TAF before February 2020 were selected, analyzing the results after 24 and 48 weeks. The percentage that remained with an undetectable viral load was determined, as well as the changes in CD4 + lymphocytes, metabolic parameters and renal function. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients were included. Thirty-two of the 35 patients (91.4%) who completed the 48 weeks of follow-up had an undetectable viral load. The CD4 + lymphocyte count remained stable at 24 and 48 weeks. The response to B/F/TAF was not influenced by the two analogs previously received. CONCLUSIONS: Switching from triple therapy with RPV to B/F/TAF is a safe and effective strategy in real life.

Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels.

During ageing, anabolic status is essential to prevent the decrease in quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Exercise modulates endocrine markers of muscle status. We studied the differences of endocrine markers for muscle status in 62 non-sarcopenic Mexican swimmer adults aged 30-70 y/o, allocated into two groups: the systematic training (ST) group including master athletes with a physical activity level (PAL) >1.6, and the non-systematic training group (NST) composed by subjects with a PAL <1.5. Body composition, diet, biochemical and endocrine markers were analyzed. The ST group showed lower myostatin (MSTN) and irisin (IRI) levels, two strong regulators of SMM. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in the ST. This is consistent with most of the evidence in young athletes and resistance training programs, where IGF-1 and IRI seem to play a crucial role in maintaining anabolic status in master athletes.

The family in the intensive care unit in the face of a situational crisis.

OBJECTIVE: to explore the experience of family members of a relative hospitalised in the Intensive Care Unit and recognise their emotions and needs and describe the phases or milestones they go through and the strategies they use to cope with the situations that arise. METHOD: Qualitative study developed under the grounded theory method proposed by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. During the period from July 2017 to July 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 relatives of hospitalised patients in fifteen third-level private clinics in the city of Manizales and Medellín, Colombia. In the latter, 200 h of participant observation were performed in ICUs of two private third-level clinics. The analysis procedure consisted of a microanalysis of the data and the process of open, axial, and selective coding of the information was continued. RESULTS: We identified that the experience of relatives when they accompany their sick relative in the Intensive Care Unit is represented in two categories: family disorganisation which is characterised by generating a change and mismatch in family dynamics and, family reorganisation in which a restoration of order is sought to cope with the situation. CONCLUSIONS: The family in the Intensive Care Unit develops a situational crisis characterised by intense, varied, and negative emotions and needs that wear down the relatives. Faced with this, family members undertake a reorganisation process to restore the order of family dynamics to cope with the situation and overcome difficulties.

Student Reflections on Shared Trauma: One Year Later.

In March of 2021, as the world marked the first anniversary since COVID-19 altered our reality, graduate social work students in Dr. Carol Tosone's Evidence-Based Trauma class at NYU considered the challenges of learning about trauma treatment while simultaneously living through a global trauma. Students reflected on their home lives, school experiences, field placements, mental health challenges, feelings of burnout, and the added complexities of racial disparities and injustices. Students also shared their coping mechanisms and hope for the future. This paper aims to provide insight into their varied experiences while relating their struggles and demonstrating their pathways toward resiliency.

Morbi-mortality of lower respiratory tract infections in Spain, 1997-2018.

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of infectious disease mortality worldwide. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of hospitalizations due to LRTIs, and to analyze the clinical outcomes of the hospitalized patients. METHODS: An observational study of hospitalizations due to LRTIs (pneumonia and acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis) in Spain from 1997 to 2018 was carried out. Data were extracted from the national information system for hospital data. RESULTS: Overall, 3.5% (IQR: 3.4-3.5%) of total hospitalizations were caused by LRTIs, with a median incidence of 31.2 (IQR: 27.8-33.0) per 10,000 inhabitants/year. The median incidence was higher for pneumonia than for acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis cases (22.2; IQR: 19.1-23.5 vs. 9.0; IQR: 8.4-9.6 per 10,000 inhabitants/year; p<0.001) and increased by 65.7% from 1997 to 2018. A 41.2% of the hospitalizations due to LRTIs took place amongst people over 74 years. The median length of stay was 8.9 days (IQR: 7.6-10.4) and was higher for hospitalizations due to pneumonia than for acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis (9.5 days; IQR: 8.3-10.6 vs. 5.7; IQR: 5.5-6.2; p<0,001). In 89.1% of total hospitalizations due to LRTIs, patients were discharged home. In-hospital mortality was 6.8%, with 9,380 deaths (IQR: 8,192-10,157) per year. Mortality was higher for pneumonia (9.0 vs. 1.7%; p

The family in the intensive care unit in the face of a situational crisis. / La familia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos frente a una crisis situacional.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the experience of family members of a relative hospitalized in the intensive care unit and recognize their emotions and needs and describe the phases or milestones they go through and the strategies they use to cope with the situations that arise. METHOD: Qualitative study developed under the grounded theory method proposed by Anselm Strauss and Juliet Corbin. During the period from July 2017 to July 2019, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 relatives of hospitalized patients in fifteen third-level private clinics in the city of Manizales and Medellín, Colombia. In the latter, 200 hours of participant observation were performed in ICUs of two private third-level clinics. The analysis procedure consisted of a microanalysis of the data and the process of open, axial, and selective coding of the information was continued. RESULTS: We identified that the experience of relatives when they accompany their sick relative in the intensive care unit is represented in two categories: family disorganization which is characterized by generating a change and mismatch in family dynamics and, family reorganization in which a restoration of order is sought to cope with the situation. CONCLUSIONS: The family in the intensive care unit develops a situational crisis characterized by intense, varied, and negative emotions and needs that wear down the relatives. Faced with this, family members undertake a reorganization process to restore the order of family dynamics to cope with the situation and overcome difficulties.

[Sacral nerve stimulation for the treatment of severe fecal incontinence: long-term quality of life and functional outcomes].

BACKGROUND: The aim is to determine whether good functional and quality of life results of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in patients with severe fecal incontinence are maintained in the long-term. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive cohort of patients with severe fecal incontinence not responding to conservative (drugs and/or biofeedback) or surgical (sphincteroplasty) treatment, undergoing SNS between 2002 and 2013. Patients with a definitive implant were individually assessed in consultation throughout the follow-up, until January 2016. Defeca-tory function was assessed by Wexner score and stool diary, and perceived quality of life by FIQL and EQ-5D question-naires. RESULTS: Acute percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) was performed on 93 patients; a temporary electrode was implanted in 91 (79.1% women, mean age 62.5 years), obtaining a good functional response in 64. A permanent implant was per-formed in 61 patients, with a mean follow-up of 78.1 months (SD: 35.4; range 1-161); at the end of the study 42 patients remained in follow-up. A significant decrease was observed in the number of days per week with an incontinent episode, from 4.98 (SD 2.1) to 1.25 (SD 1.7), and in Wexner score from 16.88 (SD 2.74) to 6.95 (SD 3.54). Specific FIQL and generic EQ-5D questionnaires showed a significant improvement in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Long-term functional and quality of life outcomes of SNS for the treatment of severe faecal incontinence is maintained, with individual follow-ups that reach 10 years.