RESUMO
Background: Breast reconstruction (BR) following mastectomy is a well-established beneficial medical intervention for patient physical and psychological well-being. Previous studies have emphasized BR as the gold standard of care for breast cancer patients requiring surgery. Multiple policies have improved BR access, but there remain social, economic, and geographical barriers to receiving reconstruction. Threats to equitable healthcare for all breast cancer patients in America persist despite growing awareness and efforts to negate these disparities. While race/ethnicity has been correlated with differences in BR rates and outcomes, ongoing research outlines a multitude of issues underlying this variance. Understanding the current and continuous barriers will help to address and overcome gaps in access. Methods: A systematic review assessing three reference databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid Medline) was carried out in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A keyword search was conducted on 3 February 2024, specifying results between 2004 and 2024. Studies were included based on content, peer-reviewed status, and publication type. Two independent reviewers screened results based on title/abstract appropriateness and relevance. Data were extracted, cached in an online reference collection, and input into a cloud-based database for analysis. Results: In total, 1756 references were populated from all databases (PubMed = 829, Ovid Medline = 594, and Web of Science = 333), and 461 duplicate records were removed, along with 1147 results deemed ineligible by study criteria. Then, 45 international or non-English results were excluded. The screening sample consisted of 103 publications. After screening, the systematic review produced 70 studies with satisfactory relevance to our study focus. Conclusions: Federal mandates have improved access to women undergoing postmastectomy BR, particularly for younger, White, privately insured, urban-located patients. Recently published studies had a stronger focus on disparities, particularly among races, and show continued disadvantages for minorities, lower-income, rural-community, and public insurance payers. The research remains limited beyond commonly reported metrics of disparity and lacks examination of additional contributing factors. Future investigations should elucidate the effect of these factors and propose measures to eliminate barriers to access to BR for all patients.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Mamoplastia , Mastectomia , Humanos , Mamoplastia/estatística & dados numéricos , Mamoplastia/métodos , Mamoplastia/economia , Mastectomia/métodos , Feminino , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lung herniation following trauma is a rare occurrence, and consensus on optimal surgical repair techniques remains limited. While small herniations may resolve without surgery, intervention becomes necessary in cases of unsuccessful non-operative management or concurrent rib fracture stabilization. Mesh application in repair poses a dilemma, often providing physical support but raising infection concerns, particularly in trauma scenarios with delayed closure. Surgical stabilization of rib fractures, employing hardware similar to orthopedic procedures, may necessitate prophylactic antibiotics, though empirical evidence supporting routine use is scant. Polytrauma patients often resort to delayed chest closure techniques during methodical surgical planning, but these carry potential consequences compared to immediate closure. CASE PRESENTATION: Presented is a case involving a patient in a motorcycle collision sustaining multiple injuries, necessitating a massive transfusion protocol, multiple surgeries, including delayed chest closure, and eventual surgical rib fixation four days post-injury. During rib stabilization, exacerbation of traumatic lung herniation mandated mesh repair, prompting the cautious use of prophylactic vancomycin powder to mitigate infection risks. DISCUSSION: A review of the literature revealed a scarcity of similar cases, particularly those involving lung herniation with delayed chest closure, the use of prophylactic antibiotics and mesh in polytrauma. CONCLUSION: This case underscores the lack of depth of comprehensive research guiding surgical decisions concerning lung herniation and the prophylactic use of vancomycin powder in trauma patients.
RESUMO
Background: Lymphatic dyes are commonly used to map the drainage path from tumor to lymphatics, which are biopsied to determine if spread has occurred. A blue dye in combination with technetium-99 is considered the gold standard for mapping, although many other dyes and dye combinations are used. Not all of these substances have the same detection efficacy. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Medline was performed. The predefined search terms were (indocyanine green OR isosulfan blue OR lymphazurin OR patent blue OR methylene blue OR fluorescein OR technetium-99) AND combination AND dye AND (sentinel lymph node biopsy OR lymphedema OR lymphatics OR lymph OR microsurgery OR cancer OR tumor OR melanoma OR carcinoma OR sarcoma). Results: The initial search returned 4267 articles. From these studies, 37 were selected as candidates that met inclusion criteria. After a full-text review, 34 studies were selected for inclusion. Eighty-nine methods of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection were trialed using 22 unique dyes, dye combinations, or other tracers. In total, 12,157 SLNs of 12,801 SLNs were identified. Dye accuracy ranged from 100% to 69.8% detection. Five dye combinations had 100% accuracy. Dye combinations were more accurate than single dyes. Conclusions: Combining lymphatic dyes improves SLN detection results. Replacing technetium-99 with ICG may allow for increased access to SLN procedures with comparable results. The ideal SLN tracer is a low-cost molecule with a high affinity for lymphatic vessels due to size and chemical composition, visualization without specialized equipment, and no adverse effects.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Radiation skin damage is associated with chronic wounds and poor healing. Existing localized treatment modalities have limited benefit. Therefore, there has been increased interest in biologically based solutions. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of topical urinary bladder matrix (UBM) on chronic irradiated skin wounds using an established murine model. Our findings demonstrated that topical urinary bladder matrix significantly accelerated the healing of irradiated wounds on day 7 (P = 0.0216), day 14 (P = 0.0140), and day 21 (P = 0.0393). Histologically, urinary bladder matrix treatment was associated with higher-quality reorganization and reepithelialization of wounds, an increased density of myofibroblasts (P = 0.0004), and increased collagen deposition (P < 0.0001). In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data demonstrated decreased expression of profibrotic mediators (P = 0.0049). We conclude that urinary bladder matrix may be a useful, noninvasive, adjunctive therapy for the treatment of chronic irradiated skin wounds.
Assuntos
Bexiga Urinária , Cicatrização , Animais , Colágeno/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Camundongos , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the greatest need for additional healthcare providers, and women outside the workforce help address the need. Women in healthcare need more mentorship and leadership training to advance their careers due to systemic barriers. This study evaluates how women working together on a medical team influences mentorship, leadership and empowerment. A single all-female volunteer team participating in a cleft surgery mission in Oujda, Morocco were surveyed before and after the mission. Statistical analysis with student's t-test or chi-squared were performed. 95 female volunteers from 23 countries participated on this team and 85% completed surveys. Volunteers from high-income countries (32%) and LMICs (68%) had similar mission roles (p = 0.58). Experience as a mission volunteer (p = 0.47), team leader (p = 0.28), and educator (p = 0.18) were equivalent between cohorts. 73% of women had previously received mentorship but 98% wanted more. 75% had previously mentored others, but 97% wanted to be mentors. 73% of volunteers who had no prior mentorship found their first mentor during the mission. All participants found a long-term peer relationship and felt motivated to mentor women at home. 95% were inspired to pursue leadership positions, advance professionally, and continue working with other women. This population of female healthcare professionals overwhelmingly desired more mentorship than is felt to be available. An all-female healthcare environment appears to provide opportunities for mentorship and create lasting motivation to teach, lead, and advance professionally. Findings raise the potential that increasing visibility of female professionals may effectively empower women in healthcare.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of women in medicine could address Morocco's 5.5-fold deficit in surgical providers. Cultural perceptions towards women limit female advancement in healthcare. This study evaluates the impact of an all-female surgical team on Moroccan attitudes. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate how attitudes towards female healthcare professionals changed for Moroccan patients after exposure to a unique, all-female medical environment. METHODS: Cleft patients were surveyed after a surgery mission with all-female volunteers in Oujda, Morocco. Analysis included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches. RESULTS: Of 121 respondents (94%), 85% and 77% had prior exposure to a female nurse or doctor, respectively. 94% of respondents strongly agreed to receiving high-quality care. 75% developed increased confidence in female providers. 68% and 69% of respondents, regardless of gender (p = 0.950), felt that having a female nurse or doctor did not impact care. Female patients were more likely than male patients to strongly encourage female relatives to pursue medical careers (p = 0.027). Respondents without prior exposure to female nurses were more likely to: pursue medical careers (p = 0.034), believe female relatives could pursue medical careers (p = 0.006), and encourage them to do so (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Increased visibility of women improved patient attitudes towards female providers, especially in patients without prior exposure. Initiatives that increase female representation in healthcare may have greater effects in cultures with more gender inequity.