A Study of Dietary Patterns Derived by Cluster Analysis and Their Association With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Severity Among Hispanic Patients.

INTRODUCTION: Diet is a modifiable metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) risk factor, but few studies have been conducted among Hispanic patients, despite the fact that MASLD prevalence and severity are highest among this ethnic subgroup. We aimed to identify prevalent dietary patterns among Hispanic patients using cluster analysis and to investigate associations with MASLD severity. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included 421 Harris County MASLD Cohort participants who self-reported Hispanic ethnicity and completed baseline food frequency questionnaires. All included patients had MASLD, diagnosed per standard clinical criteria. K-means analysis was used to identify clusters of patients sharing similar dietary habits. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate associations of dietary clusters with aminotransferases among the overall sample and with histologic steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and fibrosis among a subsample of patients who underwent liver biopsy within 6 months of their baseline food frequency questionnaire (n = 186). RESULTS: We identified 2 clusters: a plant-food/prudent and a fast-food/meat pattern. The fast-food/meat pattern was associated with 2.47-fold increased odds (95% confidence interval 1.31-4.65) of more severe steatosis than the plant-food/prudent pattern after adjusting for demographics, metabolic score, physical activity, and alcohol ( q = 0.0159). No significant association was observed between diet and aminotransferases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, or fibrosis. DISCUSSION: Given the importance of sociocultural influences on diet, it is important to understand dietary patterns prevalent among Hispanic patients with MASLD. Using cluster analysis, we identified 1 plant-based pattern vs 1 distinct fast-food/meat-based pattern associated with detrimental effects among our population. This information is an important starting point for tailoring dietary interventions for Hispanic patients with MASLD.

Characterization of adverse events occurring during nursing clinical rotations: A descriptive study.

INTRODUCTION: Patient safety is a pillar of quality health care. Nursing students may commit errors during clinical practice, compromising patient safety. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the adverse events, as well as the factors associated with the errors, reported by students from a private university in Santiago, Chile during nursing clinical rotations. METHODS: Quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 68 errors by first- through fifth-year nursing students were reported between 2012 and 2018. The data collection instrument was the Adverse Events Notification Form from the School of Nursing. This form documented information about the study as well as about the event. RESULTS: After this reporting system was established in 2012, the number of events reported increased steadily each year. The greatest numbers of reported errors were committed by fifth-year students (73.5%), and the most common type of error was associated with medication administration (94.2%), including incorrect dose (27.9%) and incorrect medication (17.6%). The major factors contributing to errors were failure to review the "10 rights of medication administration" (85.3%) or lack of critical judgment (7.4%). Most of the errors occurred in public institutions (72.1%). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it would be beneficial to re-evaluate how safety and quality of care are taught at the school of nursing, with an emphasis on understanding the learning styles of students and teaching strategies of instructors. It is crucial that the academic institution remain actively involved in teaching safety-related skills to future nursing professionals. Furthermore, we suggest modifications to the adverse events reporting system that would avoid the need for personal interpretations of the event by the student.

Comparación del desarrollo motor en escolares de 9 y 10 años de edad en clases de educación física y talleres deportivos extracurriculares / Comparison of motor development in school aged children ages 9 and 10 in physi-cal education classes and extracurricular sport workshops

La investigación buscó determinar si existen diferencias en el desarrollo motor en escolares de 9 y 10 años, que participan únicamente de la clase de educación física, y aquellos que además de la clase, participan de talleres deportivos extracurriculares pertenecientes a colegios particulares subvencionados de Concepción. El estudio utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, de carácter descrip-tivo, de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 71 escolares, de los cuales 48 pertenecen al Grupo Educación Física y 23 al Grupo Extracurricular. Para la evaluación se utilizó el Test TGMD-2 (Ul-rich, 2000). Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p<0,05), observándose un mejor desarrollo motor en los escolares del Grupo Extracurricular.

This research sought to determine if there are differences in motor development between 9 and 10 year old children who only participate in their physical education class and those who, in addition to this class, participate in extracurricular sports workshops offered by subsidized private schools in Concepción, Chile. The study used a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional approach. The sample was made up of 71 students, of which 48 belong to the Physical Education Group and 23 to the Extracurricular Group. The TGMD-2 Test was used for the evaluation (Ulrich, 2000). The results showed that there are significant differences between both groups (p <0.05), and where the students from Extracurricular Group showed better motor development.

[Tasks, roles and expectations of safety practitioners at free-standing occupational health and safety services in Spain]. / Tareas, roles y expectativas en los profesionales de servicios de prevención.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the professional activities commonly performed by occupational health and safety professionals and their level of satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted a survey in a sample of 236 health and safety practitioners employed in free-standing occupational health services located in the Balearic Islands, Andalusia and Madrid between November 2009 and May 2010. The survey instrument was based on the questionnaire proposed by the International Social Security Association and the European Network of Safety & Health Practitioner Organisations (ISSA-ENSHPO). FINDINGS: The tasks most frequently performed by health and safety professionals in our sample (described as being performed at least monthly by 80% or more of respondents) are risk assessment, proposing preventive measures, providing information and training. Certain tasks, such as establishing staff selection criteria or performing cost-benefit analyses, are generally considered (by more than 50% of respondents) to be outside the scope of work for health and safety practitioners. Respondents would like to devote more time to their tasks, especially those related to their own continuing education and communication within the company. CONCLUSIONS: Health and safety professionals in our sample mostly perform tasks related to technical assessments of the workplace, worker training and information dissemination. There is a desire for greater involvement in professional knowledge management and human relations in the company.

Objetivos: Conocer las actividades profesionales que realizan habitualmente los prevencionistas y su grado de satisfacción con las mismas. Métodos: Se accedió a una muestra de 236 técnicos de prevención con actividad en servicios de prevención ajenos de las comunidades autónomas de Baleares, Andalucía y Madrid a los que se les administró un cuestionario entre noviembre de 2009 y mayo de 2011 basado en el cuestionario propuesto por la Asociación Internacional de la Seguridad Social y la Red Europea de Organizaciones Profesionales en Salud y Seguridad (ISSA-ENSHPO). Resultados: Las tareas más frecuentemente realizadas por los prevencionistas en nuestra muestra (80% o más las realizan como mínimo una vez al mes) son la evaluación de riesgos, la formulación de recomendaciones preventivas, la información y la formación. Algunas tareas, como la fijación de criterios de selección del personal o la realización de análisis coste-beneficio, son mayoritariamente (por más del 50% de los encuestados) consideradas como impropias de los profesionales de la prevención. Los encuestados desearían dedicar más tiempo a la mayoría de las tareas que llevan a cabo, especialmente a las relacionadas con la propia formación y con la interacción en el seno de la empresa. Conclusiones: En el patrón de actividad de los profesionales entrevistados predominan las tareas relacionadas con el asesoramiento técnico en el puesto de trabajo, la formación de trabajadores y la difusión de informaciones, siendo los ámbitos de la gestión del propio conocimiento y el de las relaciones humanas en la empresa los que generan un deseo de mayor dedicación.