Influence of Maternal Dietary Pattern on the Pro-Oxidant and Antioxidant Status of Mother's Own Milk.

BACKGROUND: Human milk is essential for a child's best development. However, what a mother eats while breastfeeding can directly influence the composition of mother's milk. RESEARCH AIM: This study aimed to assess the antioxidant-oxidant profile of human milk and establish a connection between this profile and the dietary habits of the mothers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA), located in the municipality of Vila Velha-ES, Brazil. The sample included 98 participants. All volunteers completed a structured interview and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Approximately 5-10 ml of colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk were manually collected. The antioxidant activity of human milk was assessed using the colorimetric method for free radical scavenging with 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde concentration, evaluating advanced oxidation protein products, and assessing total protein content using the Bradford method. RESULTS: The antioxidant profile of colostrum was higher than that observed in later phases of milk, whereas pro-oxidants increased in later phases. Maternal dietary patterns influenced the pro-oxidant status of human milk. Participants with a higher daily intake of milk, dairy products, vegetable oils, olive oils, and legumes exhibited lower levels of lipid peroxidation in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the vital role of a balanced maternal diet in shaping the pro-oxidant status of human milk, with implications for infant health.

O consumo de substitutos de origem vegetal é nutricionalmente mais vantajoso que os produtos cárneos? / Is the consumption of plant origin substitutes nutritionally more advantageous than meat products?

A busca por um padrão alimentar mais saudável, bem como fatores éticos e de sustentabilidade relacionados ao consumo de carne, vem fazendo com que a cada dia mais pessoas se tornem adeptas a dietas à base de plantas. Concomitantemente, com o aumento de adeptos a essas dietas, vem crescendo nos países ocidentais a oferta de alimentos industrializados de base vegetal, que tem como objetivo substituir os produtos cárneos. O presente estudo comparou os rótulos de produtos de origem animal (POA) e seus análogos de origem vegetais (POV) comercializados nas principais redes de supermercados da grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, e avaliou a contribuição nutricional deles ao consumidor. Foram avaliadas 80 embalagens de produtos, sendo 42 de POA e 38 POV. POV, quando comparados aos POA, não apresentaram diferenças (p > 0,05) quanto ao valor calórico, proteínas, gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio. Se sobressaindo apenas no maior teor de carboidratos e fibras e em não possuir gorduras trans em sua composição. Assim, conclui-se que, os POV possuem equivalência em alguns dos constituintes nutricionais analisados. Por isso, se não há restrições para o consumidor, seja por questões de saúde, cultura ou hábito, a substituição de POA por POV não se faz nutricionalmente tão superior. (AU)

The growing interest in healthier eating patterns, coupled with ethical and sustainability concerns about meat consumption, has led to a rise in the adoption of plant-based diets. In response to this trend, Western countries have witnessed a surge in the availability of plant-based processed foods aiming to replicate meat products. This study examines the labels of commercially available meat products (MPs) and their plant-based alternative (PbAs) found in major supermarket chains in greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. It further evaluates their nutritional content and potential impact on consumer choice contribution to the consumer. Eighty product packages were assessed, comprising 42 MPs and 38 PbAs. Compared to MPs, PbAs showed no significant differences (p > 0,05) in caloric value, protein, total fat, saturated fat, or sodium. Notably, PbAs had higher carbohydrate and fiber content and no trans fats. Therefore, PbAs offer comparable levels of several analyzed nutrients. Consequently, in the absence of specific dietary restrictions (health, cultural, or habitual), substituting MPs with PbAs does not confer significant nutritional advantages. (AU)

Dry heat and pressure favor bioactive compounds preservation and peptides formation in sorghum [S orghum bicolor (L.) Moench].

Sorghum is a cereal with potential economic and nutritional properties. It has gained headway in the international market because of its nutritional content which is characterized for many bioactive compounds with antioxidant characteristics, and also, because it is gluten free. This work evaluated the proteomic profile of sorghum grains and its nutritional composition and functional profile after exposure to 7 different treatments (control, grind, dry heat, bursting, wet cooking with and without water and wet cooking in pressure). They were analyzed for chemical composition, protein profile, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. The dry heat preserves the protein content, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and presents between 94% and 95% of radical scavenging activity. Heat treatments that use the pressure promote the natural hydrolysis of proteins. Bursting treatment resulted in 45.6% of proteins and peptides in the range of 3.7; 5.93; 8.9 and 14 kDa. Wet cooking in pressure (SPC) showed a similar behavior, with 26.8% being the abundance of 14 and 14.3 kDa proteins and 25.3% of the peptides with less than 10 kDa, making up 52.1% of protein content. This hydrolysis promoted an important percentage of peptides and low molecular mass proteins which can have bioactive profile and improve healthy.

Seasonality effects on the metal concentration and biochemical changes in Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characiformes) from Doce River after the collapse of the Fundão dam in Mariana, Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the harmful effects of metal accumulation on Astyanax lacustris and their biochemical response when exposed to the metals contained in the Doce River water, Brazil. The study was carried out in the Baixo Guandu region of the Doce River, Espírito Santo state. Samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons. Biochemical alterations were observed in the liver of A. lacustris, with apparent seasonal effects directly related to the high concentration of Al and Fe in this tissue. Despite this, the bioconcentration of metals in the organisms showed seasonal effects only in the gills, as they are the first organ in contact with the contaminated water. The data generated in this study provide an overview of the health of the ecosystem in this region, highlighting the harmful biochemical and metal concentration effects on the population of A. lacustris affected by the Fundão dam failure.

Leites e seus substitutos de origem vegetal: avaliação e comparação da qualidade nutricional de seus rótulos / Milk and its vegetable substitutes: evaluation and comparison of nutritional quality of its labels

Leite é fonte importante de proteínas de alto valor biológico, vitaminas e minerais, porém, questões de alergia ou intolerância e um estilo de vida vegano ou vegetariano, têm levado à substituição por bebidas à base de vegetais. avaliar se a substituição é pertinente, este trabalho comparou os rótulos dos leites de origem animal e as bebidas vegetais disponíveis nos principais supermercados da Grande Vitória, ES. Foram avaliadas 56 embalagens de leite UHT (ultra high temperature) de vaca e de cabra, nas suas diferentes versões, e 41 de bebidas vegetais de amendoim, amêndoas, arroz, aveia, castanhas, coco, espelta, nuts e soja. As bebidas vegetais apresentaram, em geral, presença de fibras, maior teor de ácidos graxos insaturados e menor teor de sódio. Os leites se destacaram pela presença de colesterol, maior aporte proteico, de cálcio e das vitaminas A e D. As bebidas vegetais também apresentaram maiores quantidades de carboidratos e valor calórico. Sendo assim, se não há restrições para o consumidor, seja por questões de saúde, cultura ou hábito, a substituição de leite por bebidas vegetais não é equivalente. No entanto, o consumo de leites integrais deve ser equilibrado devido seu elevado teor de gorduras saturadas e de sódio. (AU)

Milk is an important source of high biological value proteins, vitamins and minerals, however, allergy or ntolerance issues, and a vegan or vegetarian lifestyle, have led its replacement by vegetables-based beverages. To evaluate weather this substitution is relevant; this study compared the labels of animal origin milk and the vegetable beverage available in the main supermarkets of Greater Vitória, ES. Fifty-six packages of cow and goat UHT milks, in their diferent versions, and 41 packages of vegetable beverages of peanuts, almonds, rice, oats, nuts, coconut, spelt, walnuts and soybeans were evaluated.The vegetable beverages presented, in general, the presence of fibers, higher content of unsaturated fatty acids and lower sodium content. Milks stood out due to the presence of cholesterol, higher protein intake, calcium and vitamins and D.Vegetable beverages also presented higher amount of carbohydrates and higher caloric value. Therefore, if there is no restriction, whether for health, culture or habit reasons, it is not equivalent to replace milks vegetable beverages.However, the consumption of whole milk should be balanced due to its high content of saturated fats and sodium. (AU)

Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on oxidative stress and inflammation in ovariectomized adult female Wistar rats.

The present study investigated the influence of chia consumption on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in adult female ovariectomized rats fed a high-fat diet. Forty ovariectomized and 40 intact (SHAM) rats were allocated into 8 groups (n = 10), and each rat received one of the following four diets: standard diet (ST); standard diet + chia (STC); high-fat diet (HF); and high-fat diet + chia (HFC) for 126 days. Biochemical parameters and biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated. The mRNA expression levels of PPAR-α, NFκB, TNF-α and Zn-SOD1 were analyzed, as well as those of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Chia intake increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and reduced LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) levels. Plasma catalase activity was elevated in the STC group. Concentrations of TBARS were higher in all groups fed HF. PPAR-α mRNA expression was elevated, and levels of NFκB mRNA expression were reduced in the STC group. mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α were lower in rats fed the standard diet. Protein levels of IL-1ß were reduced in rats fed the standard diet, and the high fat diet with chia. In general, ovariectomy did not influence the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. Chia intake improved antioxidant activity by increasing SOD expression, PPAR-α expression, catalase activity, and HDL-c levels. In addition, chia consumption decreased the concentrations of the inflammatory markers IL-1ß and LDL-c.

Acceptance of microfiltered milk by consumers aged from 7 to 70 years

Microfiltration of milk reduces its microbial load providing a longer shelf life and preserving its nutritional and sensory characteristics. The present study compared the effect of the microfiltration treatment and of the milk pasteurization regarding the sensory acceptability by consumers aged from 7 to 70 years using a 7-point hedonic scale. The obtained results were evaluated by variance analysis and Duncan’stest. Microbiological, acidity, instrumental color and heat treatment extent analyses were also performed. Microfiltered milk showed a higher microbial counting reduction and lower acidity; and lesser change incolor coordinates was found when compared to pasteurized milk, indicating the lack of reactions causedby heating. In the sensory acceptability, two groups were formed (p > 0.05) for microfiltered milk, being a group consisted of children, adolescents and elderly, who rated the highest sensory scores, and these cond one formed by adults. Comparing the two kinds of milk, pasteurized and microfiltered samples, no difference in the acceptation was found only in the group constituted by children. These findings highlights the importance in assessing the sensory quality of milk, seeing that the sensory perception is linked with the consumer purchase choice.

Análise descritiva de iogurte light suplementado com farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) / Descriptive analysis of light yogurt supplemented with yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour

A farinha de yacon é ingrediente alimentar rico em fibras, especialmente fruto oligossacarídeos (FOS) e inulina, considerados como prebióticos. Neste estudo, foram produzidos iogurtes light suplementados com 1,58%, 2,56%, 3,00% e 3,86% de farinha de yacon e quantificados os teores de fibras. O efeito da concentração de farinha de yacon foi avaliado no perfil sensorial e na aceitabilidade dos produtos. A quantidade de farinha de yacon foi estimada para obter iogurtes que poderiam ser classificados como fontes de fibra alimentar total (FAT), inulina e/ou FOS. A FAT foi mensurada pelo método enzimático gravimétrico, e FOS e inulina por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. O painel sensorial avaliou 11 atributos pelo método espectro (n = 9) e a aceitabilidade (n = 92) pela escala hedônica de nove pontos. Os resultados foram analisados por meio de Anova e regressão. Os iogurtes contendo 2,56% a 3,86% de farinha de yacon podem ser considerados como fontes de FAT. No perfil sensorial, os descritores para aparência, textura, aroma e sabor de yacon aumentaram linearmente (p < 0,01) com adição de farinha de yacon. Não houve mudança nos gostos doce e ácido, porém o aroma fermentado diminuiu com a suplementação. Houve maior aceitação de iogurtes com menor quantidade de farinha de yacon.

Concentrado proteico do soro e yacon agregam valor nutricional e sensorial em iogurte diet / Whey protein concentrate and yacon enhance the nutritional and sensory values in diet yogurt

Neste estudo, foram analisadas a composição química e a aceitabilidade de iogurte diet em que foram acrescentados concentrado proteico do soro de leite (CPS) e diferentes concentrações de doce de yacon (DY). Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de iogurtes utilizando-se leite parcialmente desnatado,1,5% de CPS, 1,1% de edulcorante, 1,0% de essência de salada de fruta e concentrações de 8%, 15% e 25%de DY. A composição centesimal das quatro formulações foi analisada segundo os critérios da legislação brasileira. A aceitabilidade das amostras foi avaliada por 82 consumidores e examinadas por meio de análise de regressão, com ajustamento de um modelo de regressão e mapa de preferência interno. Os teores de proteínas em todas as formulações mostraram valores adequados conforme previsto na legislação brasileira. As formulações apresentaram valores abaixo de 2,9 g . 100 g-1 nos teores de lipídios, sendo classificadas como produtos parcialmente desnatados. Quanto maior a adição de doce de yacon, maior foi a aceitação do iogurte pelos consumidores. Desta forma, os iogurtes desenvolvidos atendem às exigências do mercado consumidor atual, que deseja produtos com boa qualidade sensorial e nutricional, capazes de agregar vantagens de alimentos funcionais e trazer benefícios à saúde.

Determinação da fração da fibra alimentar solúvel em raiz e farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) pelo método enzimático-gravimétrico e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência / Determination of the soluble dietary fiber fraction in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root and flour by enzimatic-gravimetric method and high pressure liquid chromatography

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o teor total de fibras alimentares em polpa da raiz (PRY) e de farinha de yacon (FY) pelo método enzimático-gravimétrico segundo AOAC e os frutanos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). A FY foi preparada por meio do processo de limpeza, sanitização, branqueamento e a secagem da PRY a 55°C por 48 horas. Foi determinada a composição centesimal da FYe da PRY; o teor de fibras totais correspondeu ao somatório das determinações pelo método enzimático gravimétrico e HPLC. Encontrou-se elevado teor de fibra alimentar total (matéria seca) nas amostras de PRYe de FY (33,14 e 50,76%, respectivamente), com predomínio de frutooligossacarídeos [FOS] (37,97 e 40,97% respectivamente) e considerável teor de inulina (26,10 e 20,75%, respectivamente). O cromatograma também mostrou elevada concentração de frutose, glicose e sacarose como únicas fontes de carboidratos, além dos frutanos, inulina e FOS. Os métodos enzimático-gravimétricos são considerados os mais apropriados para análises rotineiras de fibras alimentares, contudo estes são ineficazes para determinação de oligossacarídeos com grau de polimerização menor do que 12, como é o yacon. Assim, é necessário efetuar métodos complementares, como HPLC, para quantificar com exatidão o teor total de fibra alimentar dessa raiz.

This study aimed at determining the total dietary fiber contents in yacon root pulp (YRP) and yacon flour (YF) by the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method, and fructans by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The YF was put through the process of cleaning, sanitizing, bleaching, and YRP was dried at 55 °C for 48 hours. The chemical composition of the YF and YRP was determined, being the total fiber contents the sum of the determinations by enzymatic-gravimetric method and HPLC. High contents of total dietaryfiber were detected in the dry mater of both YRP and YF samples (33.14 and 50.76%, respectively), being mostly fructooligosaccharides [FOS] (37.97 and 40.97%, respectively), and substantial inulin contents (26.10 and 20.75%, respectively). The chromatogram also showed high contents of fructose, glucose and sucrose as the sole source of carbohydrates besides fructans, inulin and FOS. The enzymatic-gravimetric methods are considered the most suitable for routine analysis of dietary fibers, but are ineffective for determining oligosaccharides with polymerization degree less than 12, as yacon. Thus, a complementary method, such as HPLC, needs to be carried out to quantify the exacting dietary fiber contents in this root.