RESUMO
RATIONALE: Teriflunomide is an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis available as a first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Drug-induced liver damage is a relevant problem in clinical practice, representing a frequent cause of treatment discontinuation. This case report describes the occurrence of liver injury, with a 33.7-fold increase in the upper limit of normality of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase during treatment with teriflunomide 14âmg. PATIENT CONCERN: A 44-year-old woman receiving teriflunomide 14âmg for the treatment of multiple sclerosis presented symptoms suggestive of liver dysfunction 54âdays after starting treatment. The patient had no history of using disease-modifying therapy, neither previous liver disease nor other comorbidities. DIAGNOSTICS: The suggested diagnosis was drug-induced liver injury, classified as hepatocellular. Other possible hepatic and autoimmune etiologies were ruled out. INTERVENTIONS: Replacement of teriflunomide treatment with glatiramer acetate and follow-up of the disease. OUTCOMES: Signs and symptoms regressed after treatment with teriflunomide 14âmg was discontinued, with normalization of liver enzyme activity in â¼5âmonths. The causality assessment of the adverse drug reaction was determined by the Naranjo scaling system, resulting in probable, with a final score of 7. CONCLUSIONS: Teriflunomide-induced liver injury in patients with multiple sclerosis is a serious adverse reaction. The report of this case contributes to updating knowledge about the safety aspects of treatment with teriflunomide and planning of monitoring strategies and patient risk management.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Crotonatos/efeitos adversos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Hidroxibutiratos/efeitos adversos , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas/efeitos adversos , Toluidinas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Crotonatos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Hidroxibutiratos/uso terapêutico , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrilas/uso terapêutico , Toluidinas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of medication discrepancies in transition points of care of hospitalised children. DESIGN: A prospective observational multicentre study was carried out between February and August 2019. Data collection consisted of the following steps: sociodemographic data collection, clinical interview with the patient's caregiver, review of patient prescriptions and evaluation of medical records. Medication discrepancies were classified as intentional (documented or undocumented) and unintentional. In addition, discrepancies identified were categorised according to the medication discrepancy taxonomy. Unintentional discrepancies were assessed for potential clinical harm to the patient. SETTING: Paediatric clinics of four teaching hospitals in Brazil. PATIENTS: Children aged 1 month-12 years. FINDINGS: A total of 248 children were included, 77.0% (n=191) patients had at least one intentional discrepancy; 20.2% (n=50) patients had at least one unintended discrepancy and 15.3% (n=38) patients had at least one intentional discrepancy and an unintentional one. The reason for the intentional discrepancy was not documented in 49.6% (n=476) of the cases. The most frequent unintentional discrepancy was medication omission (54.1%; n=66). Low potential to cause discomfort was found in 53 (43.4%) unintentional discrepancies, while 55 (45.1%) had the potential to cause moderate discomfort and 14 (11.5%) could potentially cause severe discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Although most medication discrepancies were intentional, the majority of these were not documented by the healthcare professionals. Unintentional discrepancies were often related to medication omission and had a potential risk of causing harm to hospitalised children.
Assuntos
Documentação/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Erros de Medicação/efeitos adversos , Reconciliação de Medicamentos , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Transferência de Pacientes/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Treatment for multiple sclerosis should focus on relapse prevention and treatment, as well as symptom and disease progression control, which require the use of multiple medications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of polypharmacy and related clinical, epidemiological factors in multiple sclerosis patient cohorts. METHODS: It was conducted a prospective study of multiple sclerosis patients that held a prescription of disease-modifying drugs between January and December 2017. The medications were analyzed and classified as either long-term or as-needed medications for therapeutic objective and prescription status purposes. RESULTS: During 2017, 124 patients were attended, 106 were eligible for the study, and 81 agreed to participate. The average age was 40.95±11.69 years. The disease duration varied between 6 months and 30 years, with a median of 7 years. More than half of the multiple sclerosis patients suffered from comorbidities (54.32%), and 76.54% were categorized as polypharmacy. The comparison of polypharmacy between the groups yielded significant differences for comorbidities and employment status and regarding age between patients with polypharmacy and patients without polypharmacy of long-term medications. CONCLUSION: The age of the patient and the presence of comorbidities are important factors related to polypharmacy.
INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento da esclerose múltipla deve ser concentrado na prevenção e tratamento de recaídas, bem como no controle da progressão dos sintomas e doenças, o que requer o uso de vários medicamentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de polifarmácia a fatores epidemiológicos clínicos em uma coorte de pacientes com esclerose múltipla. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo de pacientes com esclerose múltipla que possuíam prescrição de medicamentos modificadores da doença entre janeiro e dezembro de 2017. Os medicamentos foram analisados e classificados como medicamentos de longo prazo ou conforme necessário para fins terapêuticos de objetivo e status de prescrição. RESULTADOS: Durante 2017 foram atendidos 124 pacientes, destes 106 pacientes foram elegíveis para o estudo e 81 concordaram em participar. A idade média foi de 40,95±11,69 anos. A duração da doença variou entre 6 meses e 30 anos, com mediana de 7 anos. Mais da metade dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla apresentava comorbidades (54,32%) e 76,54% foram classificados com polifarmácia. A comparação da polifarmácia entre os grupos demonstrou diferenças significativas para comorbidades, e situação de trabalho, e em relação à idade entre pacientes com polifarmácia e pacientes sem polifarmácia com medicamentos de longa duração. CONCLUSÃO: A idade do paciente e a presença de comorbidades são fatores importantes relacionados à polifarmácia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Polimedicação , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives To estimate vertical HIV transmission rate in a capital city of the Midwest region of Brazil and describe the factors related to transmission. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study based on the analysis of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The analysis considered all HIV-infected pregnant women with delivery in Campo Grande-MS in the years 2007-2013 and their HIV-exposed infants. Results A total of 218 births of 176 HIV-infected pregnant women were identified during the study period, of which 187 infants were exposed and uninfected, 19 seroconverted, and 12 were still inconclusive in July 2015. Therefore, the overall vertical HIV transmission rate in the period was 8.7%. Most (71.6%) of HIV-infected pregnant women were less than 30 years at delivery, housewives (63.6%) and studied up to primary level (61.9%). Prenatal information was described in 75.3% of the notification forms and approximately 80% of pregnant women received antiretroviral prophylaxis. Among infants, 86.2% received prophylaxis, but little more than half received it during the whole period recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Among the exposed children, 11.3% were breastfed. Conclusion The vertical HIV transmission rate has increased over the years and the recommended interventions have not been fully adopted. HIV-infected pregnant women need adequate prophylactic measures in prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum, requiring greater integration among health professionals.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Cesárea , Western Blotting , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Escolaridade , Parto NormalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To estimate vertical HIV transmission rate in a capital city of the Midwest region of Brazil and describe the factors related to transmission. METHODS: A descriptive epidemiological study based on the analysis of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The analysis considered all HIV-infected pregnant women with delivery in Campo Grande-MS in the years 2007-2013 and their HIV-exposed infants. RESULTS: A total of 218 births of 176 HIV-infected pregnant women were identified during the study period, of which 187 infants were exposed and uninfected, 19 seroconverted, and 12 were still inconclusive in July 2015. Therefore, the overall vertical HIV transmission rate in the period was 8.7%. Most (71.6%) of HIV-infected pregnant women were less than 30 years at delivery, housewives (63.6%) and studied up to primary level (61.9%). Prenatal information was described in 75.3% of the notification forms and approximately 80% of pregnant women received antiretroviral prophylaxis. Among infants, 86.2% received prophylaxis, but little more than half received it during the whole period recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Among the exposed children, 11.3% were breastfed. CONCLUSION: The vertical HIV transmission rate has increased over the years and the recommended interventions have not been fully adopted. HIV-infected pregnant women need adequate prophylactic measures in prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum, requiring greater integration among health professionals.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Western Blotting , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno , Cesárea , Escolaridade , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Parto Normal , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Verificar a frequência de infecções do trato urinário, seus principais agentes etiológicos esuscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos em gestantes. Além disso, verificar a ITU como fator de risco para complicações materno-fetais. Metodologia: Coletamos dados de prontuários de gestantes do grupo de estudo com infecção urinária e grupo de comparação sem infecção do trato urinário, do Serviço de Gravidez de Alto Risco do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul durante o período Abril de 2005 a Abril de 2010. Resultados: Das 864 gestantes estudadas, 15,6por cento(135/864) apresentaram infecção do trato urinário. Escherichia coli foi a bactéria mais frequente em 34,8por cento (47/135) dos casos. Cepas de E. coli foram mais sensíveis à norfloxacina (91,4por cento), nitrofurantoína(80,8por cento) e ceftriaxona (74,4por cento) e mais resistentes à ampicilina (42,5por cento), sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (31,1por cento) e cefalosporinas de primeira geração (14,8por cento). Houve associação significativa entre parto pré-termo, baixo peso ao nascer e infecção do trato urinário. Não houve associação significativa com ruptura prematura de membranas, admissão em UTIneo e Apgar menor que 7 em 5 min. Conclusão:O uso de urocultura como triagem pré-natal de rotina permite diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da infecção urinária em mulheres grávidas, permitindo melhores condições perinatais.