RESUMO
BACKGROUND: To support dentists with limited experience, this study trained and compared six convolutional neural networks to detect crossbites and classify non-crossbite, frontal, and lateral crossbites using 2D intraoral photographs. METHODS: Based on 676 photographs from 311 orthodontic patients, six convolutional neural network models were trained and compared to classify (1) non-crossbite vs. crossbite and (2) non-crossbite vs. lateral crossbite vs. frontal crossbite. The trained models comprised DenseNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, and Xception. FINDINGS: Among the models, Xception showed the highest accuracy (98.57%) in the test dataset for classifying non-crossbite vs. crossbite images. When additionally distinguishing between lateral and frontal crossbites, average accuracy decreased with the DenseNet architecture achieving the highest accuracy among the models with 91.43% in the test dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Convolutional neural networks show high potential in processing clinical photographs and detecting crossbites. This study provides initial insights into how deep learning models can be used for orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusions based on intraoral 2D photographs.
Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Má Oclusão , Redes Neurais de Computação , Humanos , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico por imagem , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Fotografia Dentária/métodos , Fotografação/métodos , AdolescenteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) frequently affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which can alter mandibular growth and development and result in dentofacial deformities. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of orthopedic treatment with distraction splint (DS) in patients with JIA-related dentofacial deformity. METHODS: The retrospective study involved 30 patients with JIA and unilateral TMJ involvement, another study group of 20 patients with JIA and bilateral TMJ involvement, and a control group of 18 non-JIA orthodontic patients with Class II and III malocclusions. The inclusion criteria were DS treatment and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans before (T0) and 2 years after treatment (T1). Dentofacial morphology and deformity were evaluated based on a validated three-dimensional CBCT-based morphometric analysis. Intergroup differences in outcome measures were compared at T0 and T1, and intragroup changes between T0 and T1 were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Initial evaluations at T0 revealed significant differences between the unilateral and bilateral JIA groups and the control group for three out of eight dentofacial deformity variables: inter-side difference in total posterior mandibular height, mandibular axial angle, and posterior/anterior face height (ratio). At follow-up (T1), significant inter-group differences were only observed in total posterior mandibular height indicating that intergroup differences were less pronounced after splint treatment. Assessing inter-group changes between T0 and T1 showed that all parameters remained constant except posterior/anterior face height ratio, which significantly decreased between T0 and T1. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the potential of DS treatment for patients with JIA and unilateral or bilateral TMJ involvement to generally support normal dentofacial growth or at least limit further deterioration of dentofacial deformities.
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil , Deformidades Dentofaciais , Humanos , Artrite Juvenil/complicações , Artrite Juvenil/diagnóstico por imagem , Artrite Juvenil/terapia , Deformidades Dentofaciais/diagnóstico por imagem , Deformidades Dentofaciais/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Contenções , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy appears as a promising therapy option for patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) [1, 2], but the effects of physiotherapy and jaw exercises on JIA-related orofacial symptoms remain unknown [3]. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the impact of orofacial physiotherapy and home-exercise programs in patients with JIA and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement. METHODS: Twelve patients with JIA and TMJ involvement received a treatment of physiotherapy, complemented by prescribed home exercises spanning over eight weeks. Orofacial symptoms and dysfunction were monitored pre-treatment, during treatment, after treatment, and at a three-months follow-up. RESULTS: Orofacial pain frequency and intensity significantly decreased during the course of the treatment (p = 0.009 and p = 0.006), with further reductions observed at the three-month follow-up (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002). During treatment, the mandibular function improved significantly in terms of maximal mouth opening capacity, laterotrusion, and protrusion. CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study shows favourable effects of physiotherapy and home excercises in the management of JIA-related orofacial symptoms and dysfunctions.
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular , Humanos , Artrite Juvenil/complicações , Artrite Juvenil/terapia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/etiologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/terapia , Articulação Temporomandibular , Dor Facial/etiologia , Dor Facial/terapia , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Management of dentofacial deficiencies requires knowledge about sutural morphology and complexity. The present study assesses midpalatal sutural morphology based on human cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using geometric morphometrics (GMM) and complexity scores. The study is the first to apply a sutural complexity score to human CBCT datasets and demonstrates the potential such a score has to improve objectiveness and comparability when analysing the midpalatal suture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCTs of various age and sex groups were analysed retrospectively (n = 48). For the geometric morphometric analysis, landmark acquisition and generalised Procrustes superimposition were combined with principal component analysis to detect variability in sutural shape patterns. For complexity analysis, a windowed short-time Fourier transform with a power spectrum density (PSD) calculation was applied to resampled superimposed semi-landmarks. RESULTS: According to the GMM, younger patients exhibited comparable sutural patterns. With increasing age, the shape variation increased among the samples. The principal components did not sufficiently capture complexity patterns, so an additional methodology was applied to assess characteristics such as sutural interdigitation. According to the complexity analysis, the average PSD complexity score was 1.465 (standard deviation = 0.010). Suture complexity increased with patient age (p < 0.0001), but was not influenced by sex (p = 0.588). The intra-class correlation coefficient exceeded 0.9, indicating intra-rater reliability. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that GMM applied to human CBCTs can reveal shape variations and allow the comparison of sutural morphologies across samples. We demonstrate that complexity scores can be applied to study human sutures captured in CBCTs and complement GMM for a comprehensive sutural analysis.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico Espiral , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Suturas Cranianas/diagnóstico por imagem , Técnica de Expansão Palatina , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , SuturasRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aims at investigating the prevalence of bullying due to malocclusions in a sample of German orthodontic patients. Thereby, we analyzed the influence of self-reported bullying on initiation, desire and motivation, and expectations of orthodontic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients completed questionnaires by themselves in three orthodontic practices (nâ¯= 1020, mean age 11.8 years). The sample was divided into three groups: (1) subjects bullied due to dentofacial features, (2) subjects bullied due to physical features, and (3) non-bullied control group. The effect of bullying on initiation, desire and motivation, and expectation from orthodontic treatment was assessed and compared between these groups. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of bullying was 23.7% with male subjects revealing significantly higher values than females (pâ¯< 0.001). Subjects from the dentofacial features group (6.3%) initiated orthodontic therapy themselves significantly more often than subjects from the physical features (17.4%; pâ¯= 0.030) and control group (76.3%; pâ¯< 0.001). The dentofacial features group reported significantly more frequently that 'ugly teeth' were the major motivating factor to seek orthodontic treatment (40.4%). Within this group significantly higher mean scores for the expectation 'keep me from being bullied' were obtained compared with subjects in the physical features (pâ¯< 0.001) or control group (pâ¯< 0.001). CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrated that bullying due to malocclusion impacts attitude towards orthodontic treatment. Victims who experienced bullying due to malocclusion initiate orthodontic treatment more often themselves and expect therapy to prevent them from experiencing further bullying.
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Bullying , Má Oclusão , Dente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Motivação , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: The implementation of a platinum-containing regimen is recommended for definitive and adjuvant therapy of patients with locally advanced head and neck tumour. We compared the conditions for the use of cisplatin or carboplatin/paclitaxel or for changing between these two regimens on a clinic-specific basis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 150 patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who received simultaneous radiochemotherapy at our institution between 2012 and 2017. Chemotherapy with weekly doses of cisplatin (40 mg/m2, group 1) or, in cases of impaired renal and/or cardiac function, with weekly doses of carboplatin AUC2 and paclitaxel (45 mg/m2, group 2), was performed as a first-choice therapy. If toxicities occurred in group 1, treatment was switched to the carboplatin/paclitaxel regimen (group 3). Patient- and therapy-related parameters, toxicity and survival data were compared across groups. RESULTS: We examined 99, 30, and 21 patients in each group who received at least 1 course of chemotherapy. Group 3 patients switched from cisplatin to carboplatin/paclitaxel after a median of 3 courses due to nephrotoxicity (95.2%). The target of at least 5 chemotherapy courses was most frequently achieved by patients in group 1 (69.7%), followed by group 3 (61.9%) and then group 2 (40.0%). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients who switched groups were more likely to be over 60 years old (p=0.021), undergo definitive radiochemotherapy (p=0.049) and develop higher nephrotoxicity (p=0.036) than group 1 patients. Outcomes did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: When cisplatin application is contraindicated due to renal- or cardiotoxicity, carboplatin/paclitaxel is an appropriate option.
Assuntos
Cisplatino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Carboplatina/efeitos adversos , Quimiorradioterapia/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel/efeitos adversos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e PescoçoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This retrospective study aims at investigating the effects of moderately hypofractionated radiation therapy (HRT) on acute and late toxicities as well as on early biochemical control and therapeutic efficiency compared to conventional radiation therapy (CRT) in prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 55 HRT patients irradiated with the total dose of 60â¯Gy in 20 fractions delivered over 4 weeks. These patients were compared to a control group of 55 patients who received CRT with a total of <78â¯Gy in 37-39 fractions delivered over circa 8 weeks. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was conducted using daily image-guided (cone beam CT) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and a simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) for both groups to protect the rectum. Acute toxicities were evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5, whereas chronic toxicities were assessed in accordance with LENT-SOMA. Patient traits were compared by implementing ttests and Wilcoxon-Whitney tests for continuous variables, whereas discrete characteristics were evaluated by applying two-tailed Fisher's exact tests. In addition, we calculated average treatment effects (ATE). Thereby, propensity score matching (PSM) based on nearest-neighbor matching considering age, comorbidities, and risk stratification as covariates was applied. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 14.2 (StataCorp LLC, TX, USA). RESULTS: As confirmed by the descriptive tests, the ATE revealed that the intensity and occurrence of urinary frequency (pâ¯= 0.034) and proctitis (pâ¯= 0.027) significantly decreased for the HRT group, whereas all other acute toxicities did not differ significantly between the HRT and CRT groups. For late toxicities, neither statistical tests nor ATE estimation showed significant differences. Also, no significant difference was found regarding the decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) after a median follow-up of 13 months (range 2-28 months), which indicates biochemical freedom from progression. CONCLUSION: HRT offers several medical and economic advantages and should therefore be considered as a useful alternative to CRT.