Loose anagen hair.

OBJECTIVE: To review clinical and pathologic features and the long-term follow-up of patients with loose anagen hair (LAH). DESIGN: Clinical evaluation and long-term follow-up. SETTING: A university medical center. PATIENTS: Beginning in January 1990, 14 children and 5 adults (age range, 8 months to 47 years) were diagnosed as having LAH. Associated diseases included alopecia areata in a 3-year-old boy and Noonan syndrome in a 5-year-old boy. Two adult patients were parents of 2 affected children; the other 3 adults were the only members of their families with LAH. These 3 patients presented with a diffuse hair shedding that had suddenly developed 1 to 3 years before our observation. In all cases, findings of a trichogram showed a predominance of anagen hairs (80% to 100%) devoid of sheaths. INTERVENTION: None. RESULTS: In 4 children and 1 adult the condition remained stable; in 2 children and 1 adult, a considerable improvement in hair density was noticed. The pathologic study of hair from 5 patients did not reveal morphological abnormalities of the hair follicles except for a high incidence of fragmentations of the inner root sheath. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of our patients with LAH reveals that the condition does not develop exclusively during childhood but can occasionally manifest itself later in life. The development of LAH may be sporadic, occur in association with developmental or acquired conditions, or, less commonly, be a familial disorder. While adult-onset LAH may not be exceptional, it can be easily misdiagnosed as telogen hair loss. The pathologic findings of LAH do not demonstrate any specific features and are of little value in the diagnosis of this condition.

Treatment of dermatophyte nail infections: an open randomized study comparing intermittent terbinafine therapy with continuous terbinafine treatment and intermittent itraconazole therapy.

BACKGROUND: terbinafine persists in the nail at effective concentrations for several weeks after discontinuation of treatment. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to verify whether intermittent terbinafine therapy is effective in dermatophytic onychomycosis and to compare the results of intermittent terbinafine with those of intermittent itraconazole and continuous terbinafine treatment. METHODS: An open, randomized study of 63 patients was performed with three treatment regimens: terbinafine, 250 mg daily (21 patients); terbinafine, 500 mg daily for 1 week every month (21 patients); or itraconazole, 400 mg daily for 1 week every month (21 patients). Treatment was continued for 4 months in toenail infections (60 patients) and 2 months in fingernail infections (3 patients). RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period (6 months after discontinuation of treatment) 16 of the 17 patients (94.1%) with toenail onychomycosis were mycologically cured in the terbinafine 250 mg group, 16 of 20 (80%) in the terbinafine 500 mg group, and 15 of 20 (75%) in the itraconazole group. CONCLUSION: The percentage of patients who were mycologically cured was higher in the continuous terbinafine group than in the intermittent terbinafine and itraconazole groups, but statistical analysis did not reveal any significant difference between these cure rates.

Celiac disease and alopecia areata: report of a new association.

Celiac disease is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders but has never been reported in association with alopecia areata. In a routine clinical practice, 3 patients with such an association were observed. In one of the patients, celiac disease was diagnosed after the occurrence of malabsorption symptoms. In the youngest patient, a 14-year-old boy, gluten-free diet resulted in complete regrowth of scalp and body hair. A prospective screening program for celiac disease using antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies was therefore set up in 256 consecutive outpatients with alopecia areata. Three patients, all completely asymptomatic for intestinal diseases, were found to be positive and underwent biopsy. Histological analysis showed a flat intestinal mucosa consistent with the diagnosis of celiac disease. The results show that alopecia areata may constitute the only clinical manifestation of celiac disease and that the association between these two conditions is a real one because the observed frequency of association is much greater than can be expected by chance. It is suggested that antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies should be included in the work-up of patients with alopecia areata.

Effects of ozonized autohaemotherapy on human hair cycle.

The present paper deals with the effects of ozonized autohaemotherapy on the human hair cycle in subjects suffering from androgenetic alopecia. The microscopic observation of hairs (trichogram) of 42 subjects (age range = 17-40 years) was carried out before and after cycles of ozonized autohaemotherapy according to the European scientific protocol. The dosage of ozone was 2500-3000 micrograms for each treatment, one cycle consisting of 16 treatments. Results showed a marked improvement of the hair cycle.

Identification of a rosette-enriched chromatin fraction from mouse fibroblast nuclei.

We have characterized two components of DNA isolated from mouse L-M cell nuclei. These components, designated as HMW (high molecular weight) and VHMW (very high molecular weight) DNA, were characterized by rate zonal sedimentation, agarose gel electrophoresis, and for protein content. Our electron micrographs revealed that HMW-DNA contained mainly linear molecules with few single rosette structures, while the VHMW-DNA was enriched in rosettes, many of which were significantly larger and linked together in multimeric structural forms. The VHMW-DNA component was also enriched for residual protein, which we believe represents the core of the rosette. The characteristics of this residual protein are consistent with reported findings of the most tightly bound proteins. The rosette conformation does not appear to be an artifact of microscopy or of an aggregate nature for several reasons: (i) rosettes are preferentially found in the VHMW-DNA component; (ii) further manipulation or purification of the DNA disrupts the rosette structure and produces linear fragments; (iii) the amount of proteinaceous material at the core of the rosette is diminished when the DNA is further purified; and (iv) treatment of intact nuclei with a novel bisamine reagent putatively crosslinks DNA in vivo and minimizes the disruption of rosettes by shear. We believe this separation of chromatin is critical to establish the architectural forms of euchromatin and heterochromatin of interphase DNA in the eucaryotic system. Once established, fractionated chromatin can be used to identify specifically expressed or repressed genes with linear form DNA and rosette form DNA. We discuss rosettes as derivatives of chromosomal domains that retain structural features because of residual peptide elements.