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INTRODUCTION: Although obesity substantially influences public health owing to related comorbidities, it has been discovered that the incidence of such issues is not directly related to obesity but to the patient's unhealthy metabolic status (MUS) independent of the body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of UMS overall and according to BMI and determine the factors associated with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was used based on the analysis of secondary databases called the Life Stage Nutritional Surveillance Survey (VIANEV). Participants were selected in two stages, finally obtaining 885 participants. UMS was defined based on the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III used to define metabolic status in a set of 5 parameters, if the subject presented two or more alterations it was considered UMS. Six groups were formed according to BMI: metabolically healthy, average weight (MHNW) and unhealthy (MUNW), metabolically healthy, overweight (MHOW) and unhealthy (MUOW), metabolically healthy, obese (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO).). RESULTS: The total prevalence of UMS was 73.11%, with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO being 47.90%, 80.34%, and 96.44%, respectively. Only 5.31% did not present any metabolic alteration. The multivariable analysis found variations globally according to sex, age, marital status, geographical region, smoking habit, and altitude. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of UMS was observed in Peru, indicating that BMI alone is not a sufficient indicator of metabolic status. These findings suggest that strategies should be prioritized to address the growing problem of UMS, considering the particularities of each subpopulation and using a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the association between different types of intimate partner violence against women and nonattendance at the Growth and Development Control Program (CRED or well-child visits) of their children under 5 years of age. This was an analytical cross-sectional study that comprised a secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish) of Peru, 2019. Data from 19,647 mothers (aged 15-49 years) and their children under 5 years were analyzed. The independent variables were the types of intimate partner violenceâ =â emotional, physical, and sexual. The outcome variable was nonattendance at CRED in the last 6 months. The mean maternal age was 30.47â ±â 6.66 years; 66.1% of children were between 25 and 60 months of age; the prevalence of nonattendance at CRED was 29.9%. A relationship was found between partner violence against the mother and nonattendance at CRED. Specifically, there was a higher probability of nonattendance in the children of women who experienced partner violence (sexualâ =â aPRâ =â 1.25 [95% CIâ =â 1.07-1.44]; physicalâ =â aPRâ =â 1.17 [95% CIâ =â 1.08-1.26]; emotionalâ =â aPRâ =â 1.12 [95% CIâ =â 1.03-1.21]). This study showed an association indicating that children born to mothers experiencing intimate partner violence exhibit an elevated likelihood of nonattendance at CRED when compared to children of mothers not subjected to such violence. Therefore, emphasizing the promotion and monitoring of child development, especially for those with a history of maternal violence, should be a primary priority, particularly in primary care.
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Desenvolvimento Infantil , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Mães/psicologia , Violência , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La resistencia a la insulina (RI) es una de las principales causas del desarrollo de patologías crónicas. Es indispensable su detección temprana, por ello es importante estudiar métodos más asequibles y menos costosos como los biomarcadores. Objetivo: Determinar la precisión diagnóstica de once biomarcadores para RI en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Metodología: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas. Análisis de base de datos secundario del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Para medir RI se utilizó como referencia la evaluación del modelo homeostático (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2,8. Los biomarcadores se basaron en la ratio de lípidos, los indicadores de lípido visceral, los indicadores con triglicéridos y glucosa (TyG), y los indicadores con cintura abdominal. Para la precisión se utilizó el análisis de la curva de características operativas del receptor y el área bajo la curva (AUC) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se estudió a 938 participantes. La prevalencia de RI fue del 9,91%. En relación con el análisis ROC, el índice TyG - índice de masa corporal (TyG - IMC) tuvo el mayor AUC, tanto en hombres: AUC=0,85 (0,81 - 0,90), corte=241,55; sens=92,5 (79,6 - 98,4) y esp=78,3 (73,9 - 82,2); como en mujeres: AUC=0,81 (0,76 - 0,85), corte=258,77; sens=79,2 (70,3 - 86,5) y esp= 82,1 (78,0 - 85,8). Discusión: Según los datos analizados, el índice TyG-IMC es el mejor indicador para medir RI. Es un índice simple que se puede tomar de manera rutinaria en la práctica clínica diaria. Es conveniente añadir futuros estudios prospectivos que confirmen su capacidad predictiva.
Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main causes of chronic disease. Early detection is essential, which is why it is important to study more affordable and less expensive methods, such as biomarkers. Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of 11 biomarkers of IR in a sample of Peruvian residents. Method: diagnostic tests. Secondary Database Analysis of the PERU-MIGRANT Study. To measure RI, a homeostatic model evaluation (HOMA-IR) ≥ 2.8 was used as a reference. Biomarkers were based on the lipid ratio, visceral lipid indicators, indicators of triglycerides and glucose (TyG), and indicators of abdominal waist. For precision, the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used. Results: A total of 938 participants were studied. The prevalence of IR was 9.91%. In relation to the ROC analysis, the TyG index - body mass index (TyG - BMI) had the highest AUC, both in men: AUC=0.85 (0.81 - 0.90), cut-off=241.55; sens=92.5 (79.6 - 98.4) and sp=78.3 (73.9 - 82.2); as in women: AUC=0.81 (0.76 - 0.85), cut-off=258.77; sens=79.2 (70.3 - 86.5) and esp= 82.1 (78.0 - 85.8). Discussion: According to the data analyzed, the TyG-IMC index is the best indicator for measuring IR. It is a simple index that can be routinely used in clinical practice. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm its predictive capacity.
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Background: Endemic pemphigus foliaceus and endemic pemphigus vulgaris are autoimmune dermatologic disorders endemic to the Peruvian Amazon. Objective: To determine the ultrastructural skin alterations of three healthy subjects with anti DSG-1 antibodies in areas endemic to pemphigus foliaceus and pemphigus vulgaris in the Peruvian Amazon. Patients and methods: Case series carried out from data of three clinically healthy subjects positive to anti DSG-1 antibodies, from Peru. This study consists of a sub-analysis of data gathered in a previous study. Results: Ultrastructural results are presented from the skin biopsies of three clinically healthy patients positive to anti-desmoglein 1 (DSG-1) antibodies. High Resolution Optical Microscopy (HROM) showed the absence of acantholysis. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed the widening of intercellular space between keratinocytes, the presence of vacuoles in intercellular space with granular material and cytoplasmic vacuolization, loss of desmosome structure, loss of normal distribution among tonofilaments and lateral separation among cells in the stratum basale. Conclusion: According to our results, healthy subjects that present anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies can develop ultrastructural alterations that are visible through transmission electron microscopy but not through conventional optical microscopy.
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During the pandemic, there has been evidence of work limitations during telework, which are believed to cause mental health problems. Our objective was to assess the association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latin America in 2020. Exposure was measured by self-reporting using a self-perception questionnaire; the SPRINT-E questionnaire was used for outcome measurements. Generalized linear models were applied. Of 1329 participants, 15.2% (n = 202) had posttraumatic stress. In a multivariate analysis, the highest frequency of posttraumatic stress was found among those with moderate depression or more (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61), moderate or more anxiety (PR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.61-3.41), and moderate or more stress (PR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.46-4.12). In conclusion, there is an association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress in Latin American workers. For this reason, it is recommended that occupational physicians, companies, and institutions assess the frequency of posttraumatic stress and monitor the mental health of workers.
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COVID-19 , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Humanos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , América Latina/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Teletrabalho , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La presencia del síndrome metabólico está asociada con enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo, por lo que se buscan diferentes formas de obtener un diagnóstico temprano. Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de 3 índices antropométricos de peso y talla para síndrome metabólico en una muestra de trabajadores peruanos. Métodos: La población son trabajadores de 18 a 65 años, de ambos sexos, ocupación operarios y administrativos. Las variables estudiadas son: edad, sexo, ocupación, peso, talla, perímetro de cintura, antecedentes de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, presión arterial sistólica, diastólica, glucosa en ayunas, triglicéridos y lipoproteína de alta densidad. Se incluyeron 370 trabajadores, se crearon curvas características operativa del receptor con su respectiva área bajo la curva (AUC), se obtuvo la sensibilidad y especificidad de cada índice. Resultados: Del total, el 20 % presentó síndrome metabólico; el 46,76 % fueron mujeres, el 60 % tomaron alcohol alguna vez, el 5,14 % señaló haber fumado. El índice de masa corporal tuvo la mayor AUC= 0,73; corte= 26,04; sensibilidad= 78,4 y especifidad= 67,9) seguido del nuevo índice de masa corporal (AUC= 0,70; corte= 27,85; sensibilidad= 68,9 y especificidad= 70,6); el último lugar lo ocupa el índice triponderal (AUC= 0,66; corte= 16,67; sensibilidad= 67,6 y especificidad= 64,5); los parámetros para síndrome metabólico mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: El índice de masa corporal es el de mejor rendimiento diagnóstico para síndrome metabólico; podría ser un predictor útil para detectar este síndrome.
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is associated with long-term chronic diseases, which is why different ways of obtaining an early diagnosis are sought. Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield of 3 anthropometric indices of weight and height for metabolic syndrome in a sample of Peruvian workers. Methods: The population are workers from 18 to 65 years old, both sexes, occupation operators and administrators; the studied variables were: age, sex, occupation, weight, height, waist circumference, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, pressure systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein; 370 workers were included, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were created with their respective area under the curve, obtaining the sensitivity and specificity of each of the indices. Results: Of the total number of workers, 20% presented Metabolic Syndrome; 46.76% were women, 60% drank alcohol at some time, and 5.14% reported having smoked. The Body Mass Index the greatest ROC= 0.73; cutoff= 26.04; sensitivity= 78.4 and specificity= 67.9) followed by the New Body Mass Index (ROC= 0.70; cutoff= 27.85; sensitivity= 68.9 and specificity= 70.6), the last place was occupied by the Triponderal Index (ROC= 0.66; cutoff= 16.67; sensitivity= 67.6 and specificity= 64.5); the parameters for metabolic syndrome showed a statistically significant association. Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the best diagnostic yield for Metabolic Syndrome and could be a useful predictor to detect this syndrome.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the transition to remote work, triggering variations in stress and physical activity (PA), associated with context-specific instability. Objective: To identify the association between perceived stress (PS) and the level of physical activity (PA) and explore its relationship with the sociodemographic, family, work and individual characteristics of professors working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study based on a virtual survey of professors. PS was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and PA using an International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The prevalence of high PS and the association with PA were estimated using a Poisson regression analysis with robust variance that estimated crude prevalence ratios (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Five models were developed to assess associations of PS and PA with sociodemographic, family, work, and individual variables. Results: The information of 191 professors was analyzed; 39.27% were women, aged 52 (41-60). The prevalence of high stress was 47.12%. The age and being head of household did not show significant individual associations with PS. However, the regression analysis assessing the association of PS and other factors showed that compared to the moderate PA group, a statistically significant association was found between stress and high PA (aPR = 0.19; 0.06-0.59), low PA (aPR = 1.43; 1.02-2.01), mainly influenced by age, being head of household and sleep quality. Conclusion: Stress was associated with PA level, family and individual factors. These findings allow identifying characteristics, such as being head of household, age and quality of sleep among teachers, as being associated with a higher probability of having high stress. Subsequent studies should consider the role of individuals and working conditions as part of occupational health surveillance, given the presence of hybrid education in the education sector.
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To examine factors associated with abdominal obesity among normal-weight individuals from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2018-2021). Cross-sectional analytical study. The outcome variable was abdominal obesity defined according to JIS criteria. Crude (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were estimated for the association between sociodemographic and health-related variables and abdominal obesity using the GLM Poisson distribution with robust variance estimates. A total of 32,109 subjects were included. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 26.7%. The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between abdominal obesity and female sex (aPR: 11.16; 95% CI 10.43-11.94); categorized age 35 to 59 (aPR: 1.71; 95% CI 1.65-1.78); 60 to 69 (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI 1.81-2.02); and 70 or older(aPR: 1.99; 95% CI 1.87-2.10); survey year 2019 (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.15-1.28); 2020 (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.11-1.24); and 2021 (aPR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.06-1.18); living in Andean region (aPR: 0.91; 95% CI 0.86-0.95); wealth index poor (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.18-1.35); middle (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.08-1.26); rich (aPR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.17-1.36); and richest (aPR: 1.25; 95% CI 1.16-1.36); depressive symptoms (aPR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98); history of hypertension (aPR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13), type 2 diabetes (aPR: 1.13; 95% CI 1.07-1.20); and fruit intake 3 or more servings/day (aPR: 0.92; 95% CI 0.89-0.96). Female sex, older ages, and low and high income levels increased the prevalence ratio for abdominal obesity, while depressive symptoms, living in the Andean region, and fruit intake of 3 or more servings/day decreased it.
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Introducción: La prueba de Papanicolau ayuda a detectar de manera oportuna en la intervención de rutina el cáncer de cuello uterino. Objetivo: Analizar factores asociados al tamizaje para cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 12 a 49 años en Perú durante el año 2019. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico-transversal de un análisis secundario de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del 2019. Muestreo bietápico, probabilístico, equilibrado y estratificado. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y analítica (nivel de inferencia p<0.05). Para el análisis bivariado y multivariado se utilizaron razones de prevalencia con intervalo de confianza de 95% y p<0.05. Resultados: La frecuencia de tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino en las regiones políticas con menores valores de prevalencia fueron Pasco (0,52%) y Tumbes (0,55%). Discusión: Los factores asociados al tamizaje de cáncer de cuello uterino son la edad, tener pareja, nivel educación superior, nivel socioeconómico pobre, residir en área rural, tener seguro de salud, edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales y haber escuchado del cáncer de cuello uterino.
Introduction: The Papanicolaou test smear helps detect cervical cancer in a timely manner in routine intervention. Objective: To analyze factors associated with screening for cervical cancer in women aged 12 to 49 years in Peru in 2019. Methods: An observational, analytical-cross-sectional study of a secondary analysis of data from 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was carried out. Two-stage, probabilistic, balanced, and stratified sampling. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used (level of inference p<0.05). For the bivariate and multivariate analysis, prevalence ratios were used with a 95% confidence interval and p<0.05. Results: The frequency of cervical cancer screening in the political regions with the lowest prevalence values were Pasco (0.52%) and Tumbes (0.55%). Discussion: The factors associated with cervical cancer screening are age, having a partner, higher education level, poor socioeconomic level, residing in a rural area, having health insurance, age at the start of sexual relations, and having heard of cervical cancer.
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Due to the increase in obesity worldwide, international organizations have promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, as part of which fruit consumption stands out. However, there are controversies regarding the role of fruit consumption in mitigating this disease. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association between fruit intake and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in a representative sample of Peruvians. This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Secondary data analysis was conducted using information from the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (2019-2021). The outcome variables were BMI and WC. The exploratory variable was fruit intake, which was expressed in three different presentations: portion, salad, and juice. A generalized linear model of the Gaussian family and identity link function were performed to obtain the crude and adjusted beta coefficients. A total of 98,741 subjects were included in the study. Females comprised 54.4% of the sample. In the multivariate analysis, for each serving of fruit intake, the BMI decreased by 0.15 kg/m2 (ß = -0.15; 95% CI -0.24 to -0.07), while the WC was reduced by 0.40 cm (ß = -0.40; 95% CI -0.52 to -0.27). A negative association between fruit salad intake and WC was found (ß = -0.28; 95% CI -0.56 to -0.01). No statistically significant association between fruit salad intake and BMI was found. In the case of fruit juice, for each glass of juice consumed, the BMI increased by 0.27 kg/m2 (ß = 0.27; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.40), while the WC increased by 0.40 cm (ß = 0.40; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.60). Fruit intake per serving is negatively related to general body adiposity and central fat distribution, while fruit salad intake is negatively related to central distribution adiposity. However, the consumption of fruit in the form of juices is positively associated with a significant increase in BMI and WC.
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Adiposidade , Frutas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Peru , Obesidade , Índice de Massa Corporal , Circunferência da Cintura , Obesidade AbdominalRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity and depression contribute to the global burden of economic cost, morbidity, and mortality. Nevertheless, not all people with obesity develop depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with depressive symptoms among people aged 15 or older with obesity from the National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES in Spanish 2019-2021). METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study. The outcome of interest was the presence of depressive symptoms, assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios were estimated using GLM Poisson distribution with robust variance estimates. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression symptoms was 6.97%. In the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between depressive symptoms and female sex (PRa: 2.59; 95% CI 1.95-3.43); mountain region (PRa: 1.51; 95% CI 1.18-1.92); wealth index poor (PRa: 1.37; 95% CI 1.05-1.79, medium (PRa: 1.49; 95% CI 1.11-2.02), and rich (PRa: 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.26); daily tobacco use (PRa: 2.05, 95% CI 1.09-3.87); physical disability (PRa: 1.96, 95% CI 1.07-3.57); and a history of arterial hypertension (PRa: 2.05; 95% CI 1.63-2.55). CONCLUSION: There are several sociodemographic factors (such as being female and living in the Andean region) and individual factors (daily use of tobacco and history of hypertension) associated with depressive symptoms in Peruvian inhabitants aged 15 or older with obesity. In this study, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms.
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COVID-19 , Hipertensão , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Depressão/diagnóstico , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Introduction: The role of p-value knowledge for clinical practice is elemental; however, insufficient evidence on this is found in health science students. Objective: To determine the factors associated with p-value knowledge in human medical students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Application of a virtual survey to human medicine students from different faculties in Peru. Results: 54.69% had sufficient knowledge of p-value. The multivariate analysis found a statistically significant association with having sufficient knowledge on this topic in those who were between 6th to 9th semester (APr: 1.118; 95% CI 1.051 - 1.412; p=0.009) and medical internship (APr: 1.234; 95% CI 1.073 - 1.418; p=0.003); taking an external course in biostatistics, epidemiology or research (APr: 1.420; 95% CI 1.227 - 1.643; p<0.001); having read 6 to 12 articles per year (APr: 1.353; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.530; p<0.001) and more than 12 articles per year (APr: 1.590; 95% CI 1.313 - 1.967; p<0.001); and publishing at least one scientific article (APr: 1.397; 95% CI 1.199 - 1.628; p<0.001) or more than one (APr:1.424; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.696; p<0.001). Conclusion: It was found that the academic semester, having taken an external course, having read more than 6 articles per year and having published at least one scientific article are independently associated with having greater understanding of this topic.
Introducción: El conocimiento del rol de valor-p para la práctica clínica es fundamental; sin embargo, la evidencia científica de éste en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud no es suficiente. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al conocimiento sobre el valor-p en estudiantes de medicina humana. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual a estudiantes de medicina humana de distintas facultades de medicina del Perú. Resultados: El 54.69% tuvo un conocimiento suficiente sobre el rol del valor-p. El análisis multivariado encontró asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con tener conocimiento suficiente en este tema en aquellos que se encontraban entre el 6° y 9° semestre (APr: 1.118; 95% CI 1.051 - 1.412; p=0.009), eran internos de medicina (APr: 1.234; 95% CI 1.073 - 1.418; p=0.003); haber llevado un curso externo de bioestadística, epidemiología o investigación (APr: 1.420; 95% CI 1.227 - 1.643; p<0.001); leer entre 6 y 12 artículos científicos por año (APr: 1.353; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.530; p<0.001), leer más de 12 artículos por año (APr: 1.590; 95% CI 1.313 - 1.967; p<0.001); y haber publicado al menos un artículo científico (APr: 1.397; 95% CI 1.199 - 1.628; p<0.001) o más de uno (APr:1.424; 95% CI 1.196 - 1.696; p<0.001). Conclusión: Los hallazgos mostraron que el semestre académico, haber llevado un curso externo, leído más de 6 artículos por años y publicado al menos un artículo científico se asocian independientemente con tener un mayor entendimiento de este tópico.
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Introducción: Los pacientes con el fenotipo delgado metabólicamente obeso (DMO) pueden presentar el mismo riesgo que los obesos clásicos para desarrollar enfermedades crónicas a largo plazo. No obstante, la prevalencia y los factores que se encuentran asociados este varía de acuerdo con la población estudiada. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y los factores se encuentran asociados al fenotipo DMO en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Análisis secundario de la base de datos del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Los factores asociados que se consideraron fueron: edad (30-44 años, de 45-59 años, y 60 a más años), sexo, estado socioeconómico, nivel de educación, migración, tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol y nivel actividad física. Resultados: La prevalencia del fenotipo DMO fue de 32,23% (IC95% 27,61-37,10). En el análisis multivariable, el sexo masculino mostró 39% menor probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO (PRa: 0,610; IC95% 0,428-0,869; p=0,006), en comparación con el sexo femenino. Mientras que, pertenecer a los grupos de edad entre 45-59 años y de 60 años a más presentó 110,5% (PRa: 2,105; IC95% 1,484-2,988; p<0,001) y 97,6% (PRa: 1,976; IC95% 1,270-3,075; p=0,003), respectivamente, mayor probabilidad de presentar DMO, en comparación con el grupo de 29-44 años. Conclusiones: El pertenecer al sexo femenino y a los grupos de edad de 45 a 59 y 60 años a más, aumentaron la probabilidad de presentar el fenotipo DMO. Se recomienda la realización de futuros estudios con prospectivos y con un tamaño de muestra mayor para confirmar dichos hallazgos, así como la inclusión de nuevas variables.
Introduction: Patients with the lean metabolically obese (BMD) phenotype may present the same risk as the classic obese for developing long-term chronic diseases. However, the prevalence and the factors that are associated with it vary according to the population studied. Objective: to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with the BMD phenotype in Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study database. The associated factors that were considered were: age (30-44 years, 45-59 years, and 60 years and over), sex, socioeconomic status, level of education, migration, smoking, alcohol consumption and level of physical activity. Results: The prevalence of the BMD phenotype was 32.23% (95% CI 27.61-37.10). In the multivariate analysis, the male sex showed a 39% lower probability of presenting the BMD phenotype (PRa: 0.610; 95% CI 0.428-0.869; p=0.006), compared to the female sex. While belonging to the age groups between 45-59 years and 60 years and over presented 110.5% (PRa: 2.105; 95% CI 1.484-2.988; p<0.001) and 97.6% (PRa: 1.976; CI95% 1.270-3.075; p=0.003), respectively, greater probability of presenting BMD, compared to the group of 29-44 years. Conclusions: Belonging to the female sex and to the age groups of 45 to 59 and 60 years or more, increased the probability of presenting the BMD phenotype. Future prospective studies with a larger sample size are recommended to confirm these findings, as well as the inclusion of new variables.
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Introducción: La reducción del consumo de sal se ha identificado como una de las intervenciones prioritarias para prevenir las enfermedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. Por ello, se recomienda que uno de los tres pilares para reducir su ingesta es reconocer el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con el consumo de sal (CAP-sal). Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de CAP-sal y los factores asociados a estos en la población peruana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado mediante encuesta virtual en población adulta peruana. Resultados: Se trabajó con una muestra de 918 sujetos. La proporción de participantes con conocimiento, actitudes y prácticas suficientes, fue del 54,58 %; 50,22 % y 40,31 %, respectivamente. Las variables que aumentan la probabilidad de tener un nivel suficiente de CAP-sal fueron el sexo femenino, la presencia de obesidad e HTA. Mientras que los antecedentes familiares y área de residencia lo fueron únicamente para conocimientos, el grado de instrucción para conocimientos y prácticas, y la actividad física tanto para actitudes como prácticas. Conclusiones: Tanto el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes fueron suficientes en la mitad de la muestra, pero las prácticas se encuentran por debajo de esta. Existen brechas que varían según las características sociodemográficas, como la edad, sexo, antecedentes de HTA, obesidad y realización de actividad física. Resultados que podrían apoyar la inclusión de la promoción de una nutrición saludable en la población peruana(AU)
Introduction: Reducing salt intake has been identified as one of the priority interventions to prevent non-communicable diseases worldwide. For this reason, it is recommended that one of the three pillars to reduce its intake is to recognize the level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices related to salt consumption (CAP-salt, in Spanish). Objective: To determine the level of CAP-salt and the factors associated with these in the Peruvian population. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study carried out through a virtual survey of the Peruvian population. Results: We studied 918 subjects. The proportion of patients with sufficient knowledge, attitudes and practices was 54.58 %; 50.22 % and 40.31 %, respectively. The factors that increase the probability of having sufficient CAPsalt were female sex, the presence of obesity and hypertension. While family history and area of residence were only for knowledge, the degree of education for knowledge and practices, and physical activity for both attitudes and practices. Conclusions: The level of knowledge and sufficient attitudes are present in half of the population, but the practices are below this. In turn, several gaps vary according to sociodemographic characteristics, such as age, sex, history of hypertension, obesity, and physical activity, which could be the target of the new population awareness goals(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Sais , Ingestão de Alimentos , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Exercício Físico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hipertensão , ObesidadeRESUMO
Introducción: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad que representa un reto para la salud pública por su tendencia al crecimiento e impacto sobre todo en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la no realización del cribado de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 según la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar del año 2020 (ENDES-2020). Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal secundario de la ENDES-2020. Resultados: Las variables que mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa para cribado de DM2 fueron: sexo masculino (PR=1,06, IC95% 1,021,10; p<0,001), edad entre 30 a 59 años (0,92; IC95% 0,890,95; p<0,001) y 60 años a más (PR=0,72; IC95% 0,650,79; p<0,001), educación primaria (PR=0,94, IC 95% 0,92 - 0,99; p<0,020), secundaria (PR=0,93; IC 95% 0,880,97; p=0,008) y superior (PR=0,86, IC 95% 0,850,94; p<0,001), ser pobre (PR=0,96, IC95% 0,920,99; p=0,016), medio (PR=0,93; IC95% 0,88 0,96; p=0,001), rico (PR=0,89; IC95% 0,84 0,94; p<0,001), muy rico (PR=0,81; IC95% 0,750,86; p<0,001), e hipertensión (PR=0,91; IC 95% 0,8670,969; p=0,002). Discusión: El sexo masculino fue el único factor asociado a la no realización del cribado de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mientras que, pertenecer a un grupo de edad mayor, tener hipertensión arterial, mayor nivel educativo y socioeconómico aumentó la posibilidad de realizarlo. Conclusión: Es imprescindible reforzar las estrategias de cribado en el primer nivel de atención, mediante la implementación de medidas de prevención.
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disease that poses a challenge to public health due to its growth trend and impact, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with not being screened for T2DM according to the 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES-2020). Materials and Methods: Secondary, cross-sectional, analytical study using the ENDES-2020 data. Results: The variables that showed a statistically significant association for T2DM screening were the following: male sex (PR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.021.10; p<0.001), ages between 30 and 59 years (0.92, 95% CI: 0.890.95; p<0.001) and 60 years and older (PR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.650.79; p<0.001), primary education (PR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.920.99; p<0.020), secondary education (PR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.880.97; p=0.008) higher education (PR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.850.94; p<0.001), poor (PR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.920.99; p=0.016), middle income (PR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.880.96; p=0.001), rich (PR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.840.94; p<0.001), very rich (PR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.750.86; p<0.001), and hypertension (PR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.8670.969; p=0.002). Discussion: Being male was the only factor associated with not being screened for T2DM, whereas belonging to an older age group, having arterial hypertension, and having higher education and socioeconomic levels increased the possibility of being screened. Conclusion: It is essential to strengthening screening strategies at the primary level of care by implementing preventive measures.
Introdução: A diabetes melito tipo 2 é uma doença que representa um desafio à saúde pública devido a sua crescente tendência e impacto, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores associados à não realização de triagem para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de acordo com a Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Família 2020 (DHS-2020). Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico transversal secundário do ENDES-2020. Resultados: As variáveis que mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa para a triagem DM2 foram: sexo masculino (PR=1,06, 95%CI 1,02-1,10, p<0,001), idade 30-59 anos (0,92, 95%CI 0,89-0,95, p<0,001) e 60 anos ou mais (PR=0,72, 95%CI 0,65-0,79, p<0,001), educação primária (PR=0,94, 95%CI 0,92-0,99, p<0,020), educação secundária (PR=0,93, 95%CI 0,88-0,97, p=0,008), e educação secundária superior (PR=0,93, 95%CI 0,88-0,97, p=0,008); p=0,008) e superior (PR=0,86, 95% CI 0,85-0,94; p<0,001), pobre (PR=0,96, 95% CI 0,92-0,99; p=0,016), médio (PR=0,93, 95% CI 0,88 - 0,96; p=0,001), rica (PR=0,89; 95%CI 0,84 - 0,94; p<0,001), muito rica (PR=0,81; 95%CI 0,75-0,86; p<0,001), e hipertensão (PR=0,91; 95%CI 0,867-0,969; p=0,002). Discussão: O sexo masculino foi o único fator associado com a não realização de triagem para diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enquanto pertencia a uma faixa etária mais velha, ter hipertensão, educação superior e status socioeconômico aumentou a probabilidade de triagem. Conclusão: É essencial reforçar as estratégias de triagem no nível da atenção primária através da implementação de medidas preventivas.
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Peru , Fatores Epidemiológicos , Programas de Rastreamento , Diabetes MellitusRESUMO
Introducción: la nutrición adecuada, dejar de fumar y de beber alcohol son medidas preventivas y de tratamiento, ayudan a prevenir complicaciones de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Sin embargo, aún existen dudas sobre la intensidad de la actividad física y sus beneficios en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la actividad física y la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en una muestra de peruanos. Metodología: estudio transversal analítico que utilizo una base de datos secundarias del estudio COHORT CRONICAS. La variable principal fue la presencia o no de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, lo cual se determinó a través de un autoinforme por diagnóstico médico. La variable independiente fue la actividad física, cuyos niveles fueron definidos de acuerdo con el protocolo del cuestionario internacional de actividad física, la que se dicotomizó en "bajo" y "medio/alto". Resultados: se trabajó con un total de 3211 sujetos. La prevalencia de reflujo gastroesofágico fue 4,48% y el 5,36% practicaba actividad física moderada/alta. En la regresión múltiple, se observó que los pacientes con actividad física baja tenían 391% mayor frecuencia de presentar reflujo gastroesofágico, respecto a quienes realizaban actividad física moderado/alta. Luego del ajuste de las covariables: sexo, edad, estatus socioeconómico, estado de fumador, bebedor de alcohol, actividad física e índice de masa corporal; se obtuvo un RP=4,91; IC95%: 1,19 - 20,23. Conclusiones: el estudio mostró que la actividad física de intensidad moderada/alta se asocia con una menor prevalencia de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Si los resultados actuales se confirman en investigaciones futuras, los hallazgos de este estudio podrían ser importantes para la prevención y el tratamiento del reflujo gastroesofágico, a través de la intensidad de la actividad física.
Introduction: Adequate nutrition, smoking cessation and alcohol cessation are preventive and treatment measures, help prevent complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, there are still doubts about the intensity of physical activity and its benefits in the development of the disease. Objective: To determine the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease in a sample of Peruvian population. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study with the use of secondary databases from the COHORT CRÓNICAS study. The main variable was the presence or absence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which was determined through a self-report by medical diagnosis. The independent variable was physical activity, whose levels were defined according to the protocol of the international physical activity questionnaire. This variable was dichotomized into "low" and "medium / high". Results: A total of 3211 subjects were worked on. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux was 4.48% and 5.36% practiced moderate / severe physical activity. In the multiple regression, it was observed that patients with low physical activity had 391% greater frequency of presenting gastroesophageal reflux, compared to those who carried out moderate / high physical activity; After adjustment for the covariates: sex, age, socioeconomic status, smoking status, alcohol drinker, physical activity and body mass index; a PR=4.91; 95%CI: 1.19 - 20.23 was obtained. Conclusions: The study showed that moderate / high intensity physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. If the current results are confirmed in future research, the findings of this study could be important for the prevention and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, through the intensity of physical activity.
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Abstract Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of medical therapy in reducing complications associated with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Methods: in 2021, a systematic review of available cohort studies was carried out in three databases, with no publication date limit. Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Cohort risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Results: five studies were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A statistically significant relationship was found between medical treatment in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism with respect to spontaneous abortion (p=0.03; OR=0.77; CI95%=0.61-0.97), and no statistically significant relationship was found for delivery preterm (p=0.46; OR=1.11; CI95%=0.85-1.44), nor for abrupt placentae (p=0.56; OR=1.60; CI95%=0.33-7.66). Three studies were at moderate risk of bias, and two were at low risk of bias. In all the results the certainty was very low. Conclusions: medical treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy can have a beneficial effect in reducing cases of spontaneous abortion.
Resumo Objetivos: determinar la efectividad de la terapia médica para disminuir las complicaciones asociadas al hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación. Métodos: en el 2021 se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios de cohortes disponibles en tres bases de datos, sin límite de fecha de publicación. La selección de estudios y extracción de datos se realizaron por duplicado. Se realizó metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios y se calcularon los Odds ratio, con los correspondientes intervalos de confanza al 95%. El riesgo de sesgo de las cohortes se evaluó mediante la escala de Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS). La certeza de la evidencia se evaluó con la metodología GRADE. Resultados: cinco estudios fueron incluidos para síntesis cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa del tratamiento médico en gestantes con hipotiroidismo subclínico con respecto al aborto espontáneo (p=0,03; OR=0,77; IC95%=0,61-0.97), no se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa para parto pre término (p=0.46; OR=1,11; IC95%=0.85-1.44), ni para abrupto placentae (p=0.56; OR=1,60; IC95%=0.33-7.66). Tres estudios tenían riesgo moderado de sesgo, y dos tenían riesgo de sesgo bajo. En todos los resultados la certeza fue muy baja. Conclusiones: el tratamiento médico del hipotiroidismo subclínico durante la gestación puede tener un efecto beneficioso para reducir los casos de aborto espontaneo.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Hipotireoidismo/terapia , Aborto Espontâneo , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta , Trabalho de Parto PrematuroRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome metabólico se asocia con un mayor riesgo de padecer diabetes, por lo que su identificación clínica ayuda a identificar a estos pacientes con alto riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar las combinaciones de síndrome metabólico para el riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una muestra de pobladores peruanos. Métodos: Análisis secundario de un estudio de cohorte de 5 años, de la base de datos del estudio PERU MIGRANT. Los componentes alterados del síndrome metabólico fueron lipoproteínas de alta densidad bajo, hipertrigliceridemia; glucosa, presión arterial y cintura abdominal elevadas. En total 35 subgrupos de componentes: 5 grupos para cada uno de los 5 componentes, 10 grupos de combinaciones de 2 componentes y 3 componentes, 5 grupos para la combinación de 4 componentes. Resultados: En el análisis de regresión múltiple, la glucosa como factor independiente presentó un RR estadísticamente significativo (RR= 9,02; IC: 95 % 2,45 - 33,24; p= 0,001). La combinación de 2 factores, presentaron un RR estadísticamente significativo, la glucosa - cintura abdominal (RR= 7,28; IC: 95 % 1,21 - 43,64; p= 0,030) y glucosa - alta densidad bajo (RR= 10,94; IC: 95 % 2,71 - 44,23; p= 0,001). Finalmente, la combinación de glucosa - lipoproteínas de alta densidad - cintura abdominal tenían 7,80 veces el riesgo de presentar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 versus quienes no lo presentaban (RP= 7,80; IC: 95 % 1,39 - 43,77; p= 0,020). Conclusión: Las combinaciones que incluyen al mismo tiempo glucosa - lipoproteínas de alta densidad - cintura abdominal, fueron las combinaciones que más asociaron.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, so its clinical identification helps to identify these patients at high risk. Objective: To determine the combinations of metabolic syndrome for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of Peruvian population. Methods: 5-year cohort study of secondary analysis of the PERU MIGRANT study database. The altered components of the metabolic syndrome were low high-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia; and elevated glucose, blood pressure and waist circumference. In total 35 subgroups of metabolic syndrome components: 5 groups for each of the 5 components, 10 groups for combinations of 2 components and 3 components, 5 groups for the combination of 4 components. Results: In the multiple regression analysis, only G as an independent factor presented a statistically significant relative risk (RR= 9.02; 95 % CI 2.45 - 33.24; p= 0.001). In relation to the combination of 2 factors, only the combination of glucose-elevated abdominal waist (RR= 7.28; 95 % CI 1.21 - 43.64; p= 0.030) and glucose-high-density lipoprotein (RR= 10.94; 95 % CI 2.71 - 44.23; p= 0.001) presented a statistically significant relative risk. Finally, patients with the glucose-high-density lipoprotein-abdominal waist combination had 7.80 times the risk of presenting type 2 diabetes mellitus versus those who did not (PR= 7.80; CI: 95 % 1.39 - 43.77; p= 0.020). Conclusion: The combinations that include at the same time glucose - high density lipoproteins - abdominal waist, were the most associated combinations.
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Scientific publications in the occupational area have a growing trend towards management of safety in the workplace, despite lack of knowledge on the distribution and characteristics of scientific evidence on occupational accidents in healthcare professionals. This study aims to determine the characteristics and collaboration networks of publications, the co-occurrence of terms, and the main journals on occupational accidents in healthcare professionals among publications indexed in Scopus from 2010 to 2019. This is an observational, cross-sectional, bibliometric study based on publications indexed in the Scopus database. The indicators were number of publications per year, main journals of publication and its quality index, collaboration networks between authors, and co-occurrence of terms. The predominant language of publication was English, the main type of study was the observational one, and nursing professionals represent the main group of interest (31.14% of the articles), contrary to radiologists and/or physical therapists (4% each). The main source of publication about occupational accidents was Workplace Health and Safety, and the main themes of investigation were related to puncture injuries and infection by hepatitis B and C. There is a growing trend towards research on occupational accidents of independent authorship, despite the creation of collaboration networks in the last years. Furthermore, nurses and surgeons are the target group of greatest interest, and the main topics cover infectious diseases.
Las publicaciones científicas en el área ocupacional tienen una creciente tendencia en el manejo de la seguridad en el entorno laboral; no obstante, se desconocen la distribución y las características de la evidencia científica sobre accidentes laborales en los profesionales de salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las características, redes de colaboración, la co-ocurrencia de términos, y las principales revistas científicas de publicación en accidentes ocupacionales en personal de salud indizadas en Scopus desde 2010 a 2019. Este es un estudio observacional, transversal, bibliométrico a partir de publicaciones indizadas en la base de datos Scopus. Los indicadores fueron número de publicaciones por año, principales revistas de publicación y su índice de calidad, redes de colaboración de autores y co-ocurrencia de palabras. El idioma de publicación predominante fue el inglés, el principal tipo de estudio fue el observacional, y los enfermeros representaron el principal grupo de interés (31,14% de los artículos), al contrario de los radiólogos y/o terapeutas físicos (4% cada uno). La principal fuente de publicación sobre accidentes ocupacionales fue la revista Workplace Health and Safety, y los principales temas de investigación se relacionan a lesiones punzocortantes y contagios por hepatitis B y C. Se muestra una creciente tendencia en investigación sobre accidentes ocupacionales de autoría independiente, a pesar de la formación de redes en los últimos años. Además, enfermeras y médicos cirujanos son el grupo objetivo de mayor interés, y los tópicos principales abarcan enfermedades infecciosas.
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RESUMEN Introducción: En la patología del síndrome metabólico, de acuerdo con distintas investigaciones y la práctica clínica se han visto manifestaciones de daño hepático. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de transaminasas elevadas (alanina aminotransaminasa y aspartato aminotransaminasa) y determinar su asociación con síndrome metabólico. Métodos: Estudio transversal con procedimientos analíticos. Análisis secundario de los datos generados por el registro electrónico en salud de un policlínico ocupacional. La variable principal fue el diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico. Para definir aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 36 U/L en hombres. Para alanina aminotransaminasa, se consideraron valores > 30 U/L en mujeres y valores > 40 U/L en hombres. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 21,82 %, de aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada fue del 10,30 % y alanina aminotransaminasa elevada del 16,67 %. En la regresión múltiple, se ajustó por las covariables confusoras sexo, edad, ocupación, índice de masa corporal, fumar, alcohol y actividad física. Se observó que los pacientes con aspartato aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 128 % mayor frecuencia de síndrome metabólico, respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,28; IC95 %: 1,64 - 3,17; p< 0,001). Se encontró que los pacientes con alanina aminotransaminasa elevada tenían 148 % mayor frecuencia de presentar síndrome metabólico respecto a quienes no presentaban valores elevados (razón prevalencia= 2,48; IC95 %: 1,77 - 3,47; p< 0,001). Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre las transaminasas hepáticas elevadas y la presencia de síndrome metabólico.
ABSTRACT Introduction: In the pathology of metabolic syndrome, manifestations of liver damage have been seen in different investigations and in clinical practice. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of elevated transaminases (alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase), and to determine their association with metabolic syndrome. Methods: Cross-sectional with analytical procedure study. Secondary analysis of data generated by the electronic health record of an occupational polyclinic. The main variable was the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. To define elevated aspartate aminotransaminase, values > 30 U/L in women and values > 36 U/L in men were considered. For alanine aminotransaminase, values > 30 U/L in women and values > 40 U/L in men were considered. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.82%, elevated aspartate aminotransaminase was 10.30% and elevated alanine aminotransaminase was 16.67%. In multiple regression, we adjusted for the confounding covariates of sex, age, occupation, body mass index, smoking, alcohol and physical activity. It was observed that patients with elevated aspartate aminotransaminase had a 128% higher frequency of presenting metabolic syndrome, compared to those without elevated values (reason prevalence= 2.28; 95% CI: 1.64-3.17; p< 0.001). On the other hand, it was found that patients with elevated alanine aminotransaminase had a 148% higher frequency of presenting metabolic syndrome compared to those without elevated values (reason prevalence= 2.48; 95% CI: 1.77 - 3.47; p< 0.001). Conclusions: There is an association between elevated hepatic transaminases and the presence of metabolic syndrome.