Defect-mediated saturable absorption and carrier dynamics in tin (II) monosulfide quantum dots.

Tin (II) monosulfide (SnS) has attracted considerable attention in emerging photonics and optoelectronics because of high carrier mobility, large absorption coefficient, anisotropic linear and nonlinear optical properties, and long-time stability. In this Letter, we report third-order nonlinear absorption and refraction of SnS quantum dots (QDs). Under excitation with 800-nm femtosecond pulses, QDs exhibit saturable absorption (saturation intensity ∼ 47.69 GW/cm2) and positive refractive nonlinearity (nonlinear refraction coefficient ∼ 1.24 × 10-15 cm2/W). Nonetheless, we investigate charge carrier dynamics using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and propose the presence of midgap defect states which not only dictate carrier dynamics but also give rise to nonlinear optical properties in SnS QDs.

Risks Associated with Vortioxetine in the Established Therapeutic Indication.

BACKGROUND: Vortioxetine is approved for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, the safety of this drug in a large group of populations is still unclear. Thus, we have tried to analyze the risk profile of vortioxetine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data related to the risk profile of vortioxetine has been extracted from Pub-Med from January 2014 to May 2019. The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been categorized into listed and unlisted categories as per the Summary of product characteristics (SmPC) of the innovator. Further, unlisted ADRs have been analyzed as per Naranjo Scale. RESULTS: Galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, glycolimia, exacerbation of anxiety, weight gain, edema, excessive itching, petechiae, and ecchymoses have been observed with the use of vortioxetine and falls under the unlisted category. Further, the causality assessment results have shown a probable relation between vortioxetine and galactorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, edema, excessive itching, ecchymoses, and petechiae. Weight gain, glycolimia and exacerbation of anxiety have a possible relationship with vortioxetine. The common ADRs observed with the use of vortioxetine are nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, pruritus, including pruritus generalized, abnormal dreams, and dizziness. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, more data is required to establish a strong relationship between vortioxetine and reported unlisted ADRs.

A randomized controlled trial of endodontic treatment using ultrasonic irrigation and laser activated irrigation to evaluate healing in chronic apical periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Aim of this trial was to evaluate the combined clinical and radiographic success rate of endodontic treatment using passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and laser activated irrigation (LAI) as compared to conventional syringe irrigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Permanent incisors and single rooted premolars were assessed for eligibility and 69 patients were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=23) by allocation concealment method and irrigation was performed in accordance with the allocated group. Teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically with CBCT after 6 months and 12 months of the treatment. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the radiographic healing rates among three groups (χ2=12.29, p=0.05). On comparing the final outcome among the three groups (n=19), it was found that 2 (10.5%) cases of group I(Conventional Syringe irrigation), 7 (36.8%) cases of group II (Passive ultrasonic irrigation) and 8 (42.1%) cases of group III(Laser activated irrigation) were healed while under healing category 13 (68.4%) cases of group I, 12 (63.2%) cases of group II and 11 (57.9%) of group III were observed whereas 4 (21.1%) cases were categorised as diseased in group I only. CONCLUSIONS: LAI and PUI can increase the predictability of the endodontic treatment success in cases of chronic apical periodontitis. Key words:Cone-beam computed tomography, CBCT-PAI, Irrigation, LASER, Radiographic healing, Root canal treatment, Ultrasonic.