Neuropsychiatric Symptoms after Liver Transplantation in a 65-Year-Old Male Patient.

The development of immunosuppressants has been key for the advancement of solid organ transplant surgery. Specifically, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or everolimus have significantly increased the survival rate of patients by reducing the risk of a rejection of the transplanted organ and limiting graft-versus-host disease. We report the case of a 65-year-old man who, after undergoing a liver transplantation and receiving an immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine and everolimus, presented severe obsessive, psychotic, and behavioral symptoms over the past three years, and describe the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions implemented against these symptoms. In this case, the immunosuppressants used have been cyclosporine and, preferably, everolimus. On the other hand, potential adverse reactions to the treatment have been observed, including neuropsychiatric symptoms such as tremor, anxiety, dysthymia, psychosis, and behavioral disorders, which make it necessary to use corrective psychoactive drugs such as benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics, combined with non-pharmacological interventions. A transversal approach, from the medical and psychosocial disciplines, facilitates success in managing neuropsychiatric symptoms after soft organ transplants.

Odor cueing during sleep improves consolidation of a history lesson in a school setting.

Sleep is a key factor in memory consolidation. During sleep, information is reactivated, transferred, and redistributed to neocortical areas, thus favoring memory consolidation and integration. Although these reactivations occur spontaneously, they can also be induced using external cues, such as sound or odor cues, linked to the acquired information. Hence, targeted memory reactivation during sleep represents an advantageous tool for improving memory consolidation in real-life settings. In this study, our goal was to improve the consolidation of complex information such as that of a history lesson, using a school study session in the presence of an odor, and a reactivation round while sleeping at home on the same night of the acquisition, without using additional study sessions. We found that complex information can be associated with an odor in the classroom and that one session of reactivation during the first night of sleep in the students' houses improves its consolidation. These results bring new evidence for the implementation of reactivation during sleep in real-life settings.

Mycotoxins Exposure in Cabinda, Angola-A Pilot Biomonitoring Survey of Breastmilk.

Breast milk is considered the ideal form of nutrition for newborns and infants. However, it can carry over contaminants, namely mycotoxins, with biological effects to which this population is particularly vulnerable. Human biomonitoring and surveillance programs are particularly scarce in low-income countries, where food security is a more urgent priority in comparison with food safety. This pilot survey aims to assess exposure of breastfed infants to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Angola, and to evaluate the main socio-demographical and food consumption determinants of lactating mothers. All 37 breast milk samples analyzed are found to be contaminated with ZEN and OTA, although none are found contaminated with AFM1. Contamination levels are lower than previously reported for ZEN but higher in the case of OTA. A significant association between ZEN levels in breast milk and the consumption of cookies by the lactating mothers is found. As for OTA, higher levels are observed in the milk from mothers with younger infants, for which high estimated daily intake (EDI) is determined. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first survey of the occurrence of mycotoxins in breast milk in Angola, so further human biomonitoring works should follow, given that mycotoxins are a global health issue that directly impact the health of populations.

Busca ativa para conhecer o motivo da evasão de usuários em serviço de saúde mental / Active surveillance to know the reason for users' withdrawals in mental health service

OBJETIVO: Realizar a busca ativa de usuários que evadiram de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial tipo I há mais de 30 dias, a fim de conhecer o motivo do abandono do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal realizada com 24 usuários que evadiram do serviço há mais de 30 dias. O instrumento de pesquisa foi um questionário sobre dados socioeconômicos, diagnósticos médicos, medicamentos em uso e motivos que levaram a evasão. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 67% eram homens, com médias de idade de 40 anos. Prevaleceram os diagnósticos de transtornos decorrentes do uso de substâncias psicoativas, sendo este também o principal motivo de abandono do tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A busca ativa revelou que os dependentes de substâncias psicoativas são mais prevalentes no abandono do tratamento.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an active surveillance of users who withdrew themselves from a type I Center for Psychosocial Care over 30 days in order to know the reason for dropping out the treatment. METHODS: Cross-sectional research conducted with 24 users who withdrew themselves from treatment for more than 30 days. The research instrument was a questionnaire on socioeconomic data, medical diagnoses, current medication and leading reasons to withdrawals. RESULTS: From the participants, 67% were male with a mean age of 40 years. The disorders diagnosis, which prevailed, were the ones caused by substance abuse, which is also the main reason of withdrawals from treatment. CONCLUSION: The active surveillance revealed that psychoactive substance dependents are more prevalent in treatment withdrawals.