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Background: Oropouche virus (OROV; species Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense) is an arthropod-borne virus that has caused outbreaks of Oropouche fever in Central and South America since the 1950s. This study investigates virological factors contributing to the reemergence of Oropouche fever in Brazil between 2023 and 2024. Methods: In this study, we combined OROV genomic, molecular, and serological data from Brazil from 1 January 2015 to 29 June 2024, along with in vitro and in vivo characterization. Molecular screening data included 93 patients with febrile illness between January 2023 and February 2024 from the Amazonas State. Genomic data comprised two genomic OROV sequences from patients. Serological data were obtained from neutralizing antibody tests comparing the prototype OROV strain BeAn 19991 and the 2024 epidemic strain. Epidemiological data included aggregated cases reported to the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1 January 2014 to 29 June 2024. Findings: In 2024, autochthonous OROV infections were detected in previously non-endemic areas across all five Brazilian regions. Cases were reported in 19 of 27 federal units, with 83.2% (6,895 of 8,284) of infections in Northern Brazil and a nearly 200-fold increase in incidence compared to reported cases over the last decade. We detected OROV RNA in 10.8% (10 of 93) of patients with febrile illness between December 2023 and May 2024 in Amazonas. We demonstrate that the 2023-2024 epidemic was caused by a novel OROV reassortant that replicated approximately 100-fold higher titers in mammalian cells compared to the prototype strain. The 2023-2024 OROV reassortant displayed plaques earlier than the prototype, produced 1.7 times more plaques, and plaque sizes were 2.5 larger compared to the prototype. Furthermore, serum collected in 2016 from previously OROV-infected individuals showed at least a 32-fold reduction in neutralizing capacity against the reassortment strain compared to the prototype. Interpretation: These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to a better understanding of the 2023-2024 OROV reemergence. The recent increased incidence may be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new reassortant virus that also evades previous immunity.
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Early life stress may lead to lifelong impairments in psychophysiological functions, including emotional and reward systems. Unpredicted decrease in reward magnitude generates a negative emotional state (frustration) that may be involved with susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. We evaluated, in adolescents and adult rats of both sexes, whether maternal separation (MS) alters the ability to cope with an unexpected reduction of reward later in life. Litters of Wistar rats were divided into controls (non handled - NH) or subjected to MS. Animals were trained to find sugary cereal pellets; later the amount was reduced. Increased latency to reach the reward-associated area indicates higher inability to regulate frustration. The dorsal hippocampus (dHC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) were evaluated for protein levels of NMDA receptor subunits (GluN2A/GluN2B), synaptophysin, PSD95, SNAP-25 and CRF1. We found that adult MS males had greater vulnerability to reward reduction, together with decreased GluN2A and increased GluN2B immunocontent in the dHC. MS females and adolescents did not differ from controls. We concluded that MS enhances the response to frustration in adult males. The change in the ratio of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits in dHC could be related to a stronger, more difficult to update memory of the aversive experience.
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Privação Materna , Ratos Wistar , Recompensa , Estresse Psicológico , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Frustração , Ratos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Caracteres Sexuais , Fatores Etários , Complexo Nuclear Basolateral da Amígdala/metabolismoRESUMO
Resumo Introdução Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem analítica da prática da terapia ocupacional baseada no materialismo histórico dialético, compreendendo que a prática profissional da terapia ocupacional é considerada trabalho no sistema capitalista, podendo ser analisada à luz da Teoria do Processo de Trabalho. Objetivo Propor uma abordagem analítica com o intuito de apoiar o desenvolvimento de práticas de terapia ocupacional emancipatórias, baseadas no diálogo entre a Terapia Ocupacional Social e a Saúde Coletiva Latino-Americana. Método Com base na pesquisa-ação emancipatória, foram realizadas dez oficinas com dez terapeutas ocupacionais visando à produção coletiva de conhecimento. Resultados A atividade humana foi identificada como objeto do processo de trabalho da terapia ocupacional, definida pela categoria trabalho em sua dimensão ontológica. A participação radical foi proposta como o produto intencionado deste processo, sendo entendida como a participação na luta por transformar elementos da determinação social das condições coletivas de trabalho e vida. Os sujeitos desse processo são os terapeutas ocupacionais e os indivíduos, grupos e/ou comunidades acompanhados, todos entendidos como seres sociais em parceria para a transformação social. São identificadas quatro ferramentas teórico-metodológicas: análise emancipatória de atividades humanas, proposição emancipatória de atividades humanas, operacionalização da participação radical e intervenções sobre o tecido social. Conclusão A terapia ocupacional como prática social oferece uma contribuição específica para o desenvolvimento de uma práxis revolucionária coletiva que, voltada para a realização de uma utopia concreta, poderá gerar os meios para produzir uma nova sociedade.
Abstract Introduction This paper presents an analytical approach to occupational therapy practice grounded in historical dialectical materialism. It understands occupational therapy professional practice as work within a capitalist system, and thus subject to analysis through the labor process theory. Objective To propose an analytical approach to occupational therapy practice aimed at supporting the development of an emancipatory practice framework based on the dialogue between Social Occupational Therapy and Latin American Collective Health. Method Utilizing emancipatory action research methodologies, this study conducted 10 workshops with 10 occupational therapists aimed at collective knowledge production. Results Human activity is identified as the object of occupational therapy working process, defined by the category work in its ontological dimension. Radical participation is set as the intended product of this process, which entails engaging in efforts to transform the social determination of collective living conditions. The individuals in this process include occupational therapists and the followed-up individuals, groups, and/or communities, all viewed as social beings collaborating toward social transformation. Four theoretical-methodological tools are identified: emancipatory analysis of human activities, emancipatory proposition of human activities, operationalization of radical participation, and interventions in the social fabric. Conclusion Occupational therapy, as a form of social practice, offers a specific contribution to the development of a collective revolutionary praxis. This praxis, aimed at realizing a concrete utopia, seeks to generate the means to create a new society.
Resumen Introducción Este artículo presenta una aproximación analítica a la práctica de la terapia ocupacional basada en el materialismo histórico dialéctico. Entiende la práctica profesional de terapia ocupacional como trabajo bajo el capitalismo y, como tal, puede ser analizada bajo la teoría del proceso de trabajo. Objetivo Proponer un enfoque analítico de la práctica de la terapia ocupacional con la intención de apoyar el desarrollo posterior de un marco para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional emancipadora basada en el dialogo entre la Terapia Ocupacional Social y la Salud Colectiva Latinoamericana. Método A partir de una investigación acción emancipadora, se realizaron 10 talleres con diez terapeutas ocupacionales con el objetivo de la producción colectiva de conocimiento. Resultados La actividad humana es identificada como objeto del proceso de trabajo de la terapia ocupacional, definida por la categoría trabajo en su dimensión ontológica. La participación radical se establece como el producto previsto del proceso, es decir, la participación en la lucha por los elementos transformadores de la determinación social de las condiciones de vida colectivas. Los sujetos del proceso de trabajo son los terapeutas ocupacionales y los individuos, grupos y/o comunidades acompañados, todos entendidos como seres sociales en colaboración para la transformación social. Se identifican cuatro herramientas teórico-metodológicas: análisis emancipatorio de las actividades humanas, propuesta emancipadora de las actividades humanas, operacionalización de la participación radical e intervenciones en el tejido social. Conclusión La terapia ocupacional como práctica social ofrece una contribución específica al desarrollo de una praxis revolucionaria colectiva que, dirigida a realizar una utopía concreta, puede generar los medios para producir una nueva sociedad.
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Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for quantification of illicit drug biomarkers (IDBs) in wastewater samples is an effective tool that can provide information about drug consumption. The most commonly quantified IDBs belong to different chemical classes, including cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids, and cannabinoids, so the different chemical properties of these molecules pose a challenge in the development of analytical methods for multi-analyte analysis. Recent workflows include the steps of sampling and storage, sample preparation using solid-phase extraction (SPE) or without extraction, and quantification of analytes employing gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The greatest difficulty is due to the fact that wastewater samples are complex chemical mixtures containing analytes with different chemical properties, often present at low concentrations. Therefore, in the development of analytical methods, there is the need to simplify and optimize the analytical workflows, reducing associated uncertainties, analysis times, and costs. The present work provides a critical bibliographic survey of studies published from the year 2020 until now, highlighting the challenges and trends of published analytical workflows for the multi-analysis of IDBs in wastewater samples, considering sampling and sample preparation, method validation, and analytical techniques.
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Drogas Ilícitas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Drogas Ilícitas/análise , Águas Residuárias , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Vigilância Epidemiológica Baseada em Águas Residuárias , Anfetamina , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Extração em Fase SólidaRESUMO
Resumo A Tradução do Conhecimento (TC) disponibiliza tecnologias que podem ser empregadas na operacionalização da integração entre universidade e sociedade, para a formulação de políticas informadas por evidências, em resposta a necessidades em saúde. A partir da formação de um grupo de trabalho - uma das tecnologias de TC disponíveis - e para compreender as necessidades em saúde dos trabalhadores inseridos na Atenção Básica (AB), este estudo objetivou relatar a experiência de problematização e instrumentalização realizada com pesquisadores, gestores e trabalhadores da AB no município de São Paulo. O referencial do Materialismo Histórico e Dialético conduziu o processo de realização de oficinas emancipatórias com os participantes. Dessa forma, foram levantados problemas enfrentados pelos trabalhadores, e realizados workshops e seminários de instrumentalização, de acordo com as necessidades do grupo de participantes. No processo de compreensão das necessidades em saúde dos trabalhadores da AB, os participantes relacionaram as formas de organização do trabalho aos desgastes dos trabalhadores, o que foi enfatizado pelo grupo. A formação do grupo foi estratégica para alcançar o objetivo, bem como direcionar a pesquisa sobre as respostas às necessidades em saúde dos trabalhadores na área, etapa seguinte da TC.
Abstract Knowledge Translation (KT) provides technologies that can be used to operationalize the collaboration between university and society for evidence-informed policy-making in response to health needs. Based on the formation of a working group (one of the available KT technologies) and to understand the health needs of Primary Health Care (PHC) workers in the city of São Paulo, this study aimed to report the experience of problematization and instrumentalization carried out with researchers, managers and PHC workers of the city of São Paulo. The Historical and Dialectical Materialism oriented the process of emancipatory workshops with the participants. The problems faced by the workers were raised and workshops and seminars were held to provide knowledge according to the needs of the group of participants. In the process of understanding the health needs of PHC workers the participants related the forms of work organization to the workers' wear out, which was emphasized by the group. The formation of the group was strategic to reach the objective and also to direct the research on the answers to the health needs of workers in the area, the next stage of the KT.
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Elevations in circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are observed in humans and dogs with heart failure and are associated with adverse outcomes in people. Dietary intervention that reduces or excludes animal ingredients results in rapid reduction of plasma TMAO and TMAO precursors in people, but the impact of diet in dogs has not been studied. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of diet on plasma TMAO and 2 of its precursors (choline and betaine) in dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) or a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD) containing animal and plant ingredients. Sixteen healthy adult mixed breed dogs from a university colony were enrolled in a randomized, 2-treatment, 2-period crossover weight-maintenance study. Mean (SD) age and body weight of the dogs were 2.9 years (± 1.7) and 14.5 kg (± 4.0), respectively. Eight dogs were female (3 intact, 5 spayed) and 8 dogs were male (4 intact, 4 castrated). Plasma choline, betaine and TMAO were quantified by LC-SID-MRM/MS at baseline, and after 4 weeks on each diet. Choline and betaine were also quantified in the diets. Plasma choline levels were significantly lower (P = 0.002) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 6.8 µM ± 1.2 µM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 7.8 µM ± 1.6 µM). Plasma betaine levels were also significantly lower (P = 0.03) in dogs consuming a PBD (Mean ± SD, 109.1 µM ± 25.3 µM) compared to a TD (Mean ± SD, 132.4 µM ± 32.5 µM). No difference (P = 0.71) in plasma TMAO was detected in dogs consuming a PBD (Median, IQR, 2.4 µM, 2.1 µM) compared to a TD (Median, IQR, 2.3 µM, 1.1 µM). Betaine content was lower in the PBD than in the TD while choline content was similar in the diets. Our findings indicate consumption of a commercial extruded PBD for 4 weeks reduces circulating levels of the TMAO precursors choline and betaine, but not TMAO, in healthy adult dogs.
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Contextualização: A partir de práticas de terapeutas ocupacionais na cidade de São Paulo, durante a pandemia do coronavírus, este artigo apresenta dois processos de trabalhos de terapeutas ocupacionais com crianças e jovens. Síntese dos elementos do estudo: análise dos processos de trabalho das profissionais no âmbito do SUS. Ferramentas específicas fundadas emuma abordagem crítica foram identificadas e descritas: análise do cotidiano com desenvolvimento de recursos adaptativos; análise de elementos da reprodução social; mapeamento, análise, proposição e legitimação de atividades significativas; articulação de recursos materiais para engajamento nestas atividades. Conclusão: Enfatizaram-se as contradições do modo de produção capitalista e das estruturas sociais ao produzir reflexões sobre uma prática situada e contextualizada.(AU) Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. COVID-19. Infância. Juventude. Saúde Coletiva
Contextualization: Based on the practices of occupational therapists in the city of São Paulo, during the coronavirus pandemic, this article presented two work processes of occupational therapists with children and young people. Synthesis of the study's elements: analysis of the processes of professionals in the work within the scope of SUS. Specific tools based on a critical approach were identified and described: daily analysis and the development of adaptive resources; analysis of elements of social reproduction; mapping, analysis, proposition and legitimization of meaningful activities; articulation of material resources to engage in these activities. Conclusion: The contradictions of the mode of production and social structures were emphasized while producing reflections on a situated and contextualized practice.(AU) Keywords: Occupational Therapy. COVID-19. Childhood youth. Collective Health
Objetivo: A partir de las prácticas de los terapeutas ocupacionales en la ciudad de São Paulo, durante la pandemia del coronavirus, este artículo presentado dos procesos de trabajo de terapeutas ocupacionales con niños y jóvenes. Síntesis de los elementos del estudio: análisis de los procesos de trabajo de los profesionales, en el ámbito del SUS. Se identificaron y describieron herramientas específicas basadas en un enfoque crítico: análisis diario con el desarrollo de recursos adaptativos; análisis de elementos de reproducción social; mapeo, análisis, propuesta y legitimación de actividades significativas; articulación de recursos materiales para participación en estas actividades. ConclusiónLas contradicciones del modo de producción y las estructuras sociales se enfatizaron al producir reflexiones sobre una práctica situada y contextualizada.(AU) Palabras clave: Niñez. Colaboración intersectorial. Terapia ocupacional. Participación comunitaria
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Proteção da Criança , Saúde Pública , Adolescente , Terapia OcupacionalRESUMO
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.
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Patologia Veterinária , Médicos Veterinários , Animais , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Obesity is considered the most common nutritional disease of dogs. Even though overt obesity is more likely to impair health, even moderately overweight dogs are at greater risk for requiring medication for chronic health problems earlier in life. Although the number of overweight dogs far exceeds the number of obese ones, most of the studies published so far focused on derangements in a mixed overweight/obese population (Body condition score - BCS ≥7/9) rather than in separated groups. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mild to moderate obesity on routine hematological and biochemical profile and cardiovascular parameters in dogs. Nine healthy lean (BCS =4-5/9) and 24 overweight dogs (BCS = 6-7/9) were enrolled. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry analyses, echocardiographic parameters, and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) were determined. In our study population, although total protein, globulin and phosphorus concentrations were increased in overweight compared to lean dogs, all complete blood count and biochemical parameters were within reference ranges for both groups. Parameters usually increased in obese dogs, like triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations, were within reference ranges in our overweight population. There were no significant changes in echocardiographic parameters, but HRV had a significant decrease in high frequency (HF) power (P = 0.02), suggesting a depression in parasympathetic activity. Our findings show that mild to moderate overweight dogs do not show the hematological and echocardiographic alterations already reported for mixed overweight/obese populations but might have impaired cardiac autonomic modulation. Although not enough to make conclusions, our data raise the question of whether research studies should place overweight and obese dogs in the same category.
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Doenças do Cão , Sobrepeso , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Cães , Ecocardiografia/veterinária , Frequência Cardíaca , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/veterinária , Sobrepeso/veterináriaRESUMO
Consumer demand for commercially prepared plant-based (PB) dog food is increasing, but studies evaluating the short- or long-term effects of PB diets on canine health are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the short-term amino acid (AA), clinicopathologic, and echocardiographic findings in 34 client-owned dogs fed a commercial extruded plant-based diet (PBD) in which pea protein was the primary protein source and 4 control dogs fed a commercial extruded traditional diet (TD). Plasma AA and whole blood taurine concentrations were measured in dogs at baseline and after 4 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and echocardiographic testing were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks on the PBD or the TD. Four dogs in the PBD group did not complete the study. All essential AAs, except methionine, were higher in dogs after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. Taurine (plasma and whole blood) was also higher after 4 weeks on the PBD compared to baseline. A meaningful difference was detected in whole blood taurine between the PBD group and the control group at 4 weeks (P = .026) with the PBD group being higher. Median hematologic and biochemical results for the PBD group were within normal limits at baseline and at 12 weeks. In the PBD group, left ventricular internal diastolic dimension (LVIDd, P = < .001) and normalized LVIDd (P = .031) were higher 12 weeks post-PBD compared to baseline. There were no meaningful differences in left ventricular internal systolic dimension (LVIDs), normalized LVIDs, or fractional shortening 12 weeks post-PBD. There was no statistical evidence of difference between the 2 groups of dogs for any of the echocardiographic parameters at baseline or at 12 weeks. Essential AA or taurine deficiency was not observed in this cohort of dogs fed a commercial extruded PBD. Additionally, clinically relevant hematologic, serum biochemical and echocardiographic alterations were not detected. Further research is required to determine if long-term static feeding of PB diets can meet and maintain AA and other nutrient targets in dogs.
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Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Dieta Vegetariana/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/dietoterapia , Grão Comestível/efeitos adversos , Animais , Cães , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
In this Research Communication we investigate the motivations of Brazilian dairy farmers to adopt automated behaviour recording and analysis systems (ABRS) and their attitudes towards the alerts that are issued. Thirty-eight farmers participated in the study distributed into two groups, ABRS users (USERS, n = 16) and non-users (NON-USERS, n = 22). In the USERS group 16 farmers accepted being interviewed, answering a semi-structured interview conducted by telephone, and the answers were transcribed and codified. In the NON-USERS group, 22 farmers answered an online questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was applied to coded answers. Most farmers were young individuals under 40 years of age, with undergraduate or graduate degrees and having recently started their productive activities, after a family succession process. Herd size varied with an overall average of approximately 100 cows. Oestrus detection and cow's health monitoring were the main reasons given to invest in this technology, and cost was the most important factor that prevented farmers from purchasing ABRS. All farmers in USERS affirmed that they observed the target cows after receiving a health or an oestrus alert. Farmers believed that they were able to intervene in the evolution of the animals' health status, as the alerts gave a window of three to four days before the onset of clinical signs of diseases, anticipating the start of the treatment.The alerts issued by the monitoring systems helped farmers to reduce the number of cows to be observed and to identify pre-clinically sick and oestrous animals more easily. Difficulties in illness detection and lack of definite protocols impaired the decision making process and early treatment, albeit farmers believed ABRS improved the farm's routine and reproductive rates.
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Atitude , Comportamento Animal , Indústria de Laticínios/instrumentação , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Fazendeiros/psicologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/veterinária , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Custos e Análise de Custo , Indústria de Laticínios/economia , Escolaridade , Detecção do Estro/instrumentação , Detecção do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Monitorização Fisiológica/economia , Monitorização Fisiológica/instrumentação , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) has the ability to cross placental and brain barriers, causing congenital malformations in neonates and neurological disorders in adults. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV-induced neurological complications in adults and congenital malformations are still not fully understood. Gas6 is a soluble TAM receptor ligand able to promote flavivirus internalization and downregulation of immune responses. Here we demonstrate that there is a correlation between ZIKV neurological complications with higher Gas6 levels and the downregulation of genes associated with anti-viral response, as type I IFN due to Socs1 upregulation. Also, Gas6 gamma-carboxylation is essential for ZIKV invasion and replication in monocytes, the main source of this protein, which was inhibited by warfarin. Conversely, Gas6 facilitates ZIKV replication in adult immunocompetent mice and enabled susceptibility to transplacental infection. Our data indicate that ZIKV promotes the upregulation of its ligand Gas6, which contributes to viral infectivity and drives the development of severe adverse outcomes during ZIKV infection.
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Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Placenta , Gravidez , Replicação Viral , Infecção por Zika virus/complicaçõesRESUMO
We documented 4 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection by non-variant of concern strains among healthcare workers in Campinas, Brazil. We isolated infectious particles from nasopharyngeal secretions during both infection episodes. Improved and continued protection measures are necessary to mitigate the risk for reinfection among healthcare workers.
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COVID-19/diagnóstico , Pessoal de Saúde , Reinfecção/diagnóstico , Reinfecção/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reinfecção/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability of 7 panoramic radiographic signs for predicting proximity of the root apices of mandibular third molars to the mandibular canal using cone-beam computed tomography and to correlate these findings with the Pell and Gregory and the Winter classification systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 74 patients with bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. Four panoramic radiographic signs were observed in the tooth root (darkening, deflection, and narrowing of the root apices, and bifid apices), and another 3 in the mandibular canal (diversion, narrowing, and interruption of the mandibular canal). Cone-beam computed tomography images were analyzed to identify disruption and diversion of the mandibular canal and root deflection. RESULTS: Binary logistic regression showed that only 4 of the 7 panoramic radiographic signs were able to predict proximity of the root apices of the mandibular third molars to the mandibular canal: darkening of the root, deflection of the root, narrowing of the root, and interruption of the mandibular canal (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Darkening, deflection, and narrowing of the root, in tandem with the interruption of the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs, indicate that cone-beam computed tomography should be performed when planning the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Proximity between mandibular third molars and the mandibular canal is correlated with the Winter classification.
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Introdução. A malária é uma doença infecciosa vetorial sendo atualmente considerada uma das maiores protozooses do mundo, mantendo-se endêmica principalmente na África, na região Amazônica da América do Sul e no Sudeste Asiático. Essa doença é causada por protozoários do gênero Plasmodium, sendo que cinco espécies são capazes de infectar humanos: P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale e o mais recente, P. knowlesi, que é considerado como um parasito zoonótico. Há fatos que demonstram que esses parasitas que hoje infectam humanos, descendem de Plasmodium símios, e as infecções de símios continuam ocorrendo até os dias atuais. No Brasil os principais agentes de malária símia são Plasmodium brasilianum e Plasmodium simium (similar com P. malariae e P. vivax, respectivamente), sendo que esses dois parasitos estão envolvidos em situações zoonóticas no bioma Mata Atlântica, sendo o seu vetor o Anopheles cruzii. Tendo em vista esse cenário epidemiológico da malária residual, foi verificada a importância de realizar uma revisão sobre os principais estudos baseados e detecção de Plasmodium em fezes de primatas não humanos. Objetivo. Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e atualização das principais técnicas existentes de detecção de Plasmodium em fezes de primatas não humanos descritas na literatura; bem como conhecer e realizar as técnicas de extração de DNA de fezes de primatas não humanos e técnicas de PCR em tempo real e PCR convencional para rastreamento de DNA de primatas não humanos e de plasmódios. Materiais e Métodos. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados da SciELO, Lilacs, PubMed, MedLine e na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), de artigos e livros que descrevam a utilização de técnicas de detecção de Plasmodium em fezes de primatas não humanos, utilizando um total de 46 artigos publicados entre os anos de 1951 a 2021. Resultados. No delineamento da revisão foram selecionados 46 artigos que apresentassem menção explicita sobre as técnicas de detecção de Plasmodium, fezes e/ou menção explicita sobre malária e/ou malária símia. Na prática laboratorial, foram realizadas extrações de DNA e realizadas reações de PCR em Tempo real (TaqMan 18S rRNA) e PCR para amplificação de fragmento de cyt b de gênero Plasmodium em trinta e cinco amostras fecais de Alouatta guariba clamitans do Parque Estadual da Cantareira, município de São Paulo (Projeto FAPESP 2014/10.919-4, coordenado pela Dra. Ana Maria R. de C. Duarte). Discussão/Conclusão. Após a realização da revisão e das práticas laboratoriais, foi possível conhecer a abrangência do uso da técnica não invasiva e diagnostico de plasmódios em fezes de primatas não humanos no mundo, em especial na África e Sudeste Asiático, e também levantar as principais vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de fezes para detecção de Plasmodium. Diante disso, conclui-se que a utilização das técnicas PCR utilizando DNA oriundo das fezes podem trazer relevantes benefícios nos estudos de malária símia e humana em situações zoonóticas, bem como auxiliar nas atividades de Vigilância e Controle.
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Plasmodium , Fezes , MaláriaRESUMO
Introdução: O objeto deste estudo é a fundamentação do processo de trabalho em terapia ocupacional (TO), construída a partir da saúde coletiva latino-americana, filiada ao Materialismo Histórico-Dialético (MHD). A partir de Karl Marx e György Lukács, adotou-se particularmente a inflexão de Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves para a saúde. A dimensão ontológica da teoria marxiana permite analisar as atividades humanas como processos de trabalho orientados por um fim, decompondo-os em seus elementos, relacionados entre si dialeticamente. Assim, torna-se possível uma análise pormenorizada de cada prática social, valendo-se das categorias que fundamentam a teoria referida. Objetivos: Compreender e sistematizar o processo de trabalho em TO no setor saúde, de acordo com o referencial da saúde coletiva latino-americana, fundada no MHD, além de sistematizar processo de construção coletiva de conhecimento sobre as práticas, como ferramenta de fortalecimento de trabalhadores em TO. Método: Pesquisa-ação emancipatória, com os eixos: a participação radical de todos os envolvidos, que significa compreender os participantes como pesquisadores internos em relação horizontal com os externos; a construção dialética de conhecimento, em diálogo entre realidade e teoria, experiência individual e determinações coletivas dos fenômenos analisados; e a transformação social, no sentido da superação do capitalismo. Foram realizadas dez oficinas emancipatórias, com dez terapeutas ocupacionais e análise da produção coletiva durante o percurso. Incorporou-se a categoria mediações como elemento metodológico de análise da totalidade social, com base em José Paulo Netto, Reinaldo Pontes e István Mészáros. Resultados: A pesquisa indica a atividade humana como objeto do processo de trabalho em TO, definida nos termos da categoria trabalho no referencial do MHD, que determina seu caráter dinâmico e complexo na mediação que realiza no cotidiano dos sujeitos. A contribuição singular da profissão para o trabalho emancipatório coletivo foi identificada como análise emancipatória das atividades humanas, através dos elementos dos processos de trabalho que as compõem e sua dialética. Identificou-se o produto final do trabalho em TO como a participação radical dos sujeitos acompanhados, reconhecidos como membros de uma classe social e ontologicamente coletivos, em sua singularidade, bem como considerando os impactos de suas relações sociais. Como ferramentas da prática, foram identificados quatro elementos metodológicos: a análise emancipatória da atividade humana, a proposição emancipatória de atividades, a operacionalização da participação radical e a intervenção sobre o tecido social. Compreendeu-se o cotidiano como o meio em que o processo de trabalho se estabelece, complexo da reprodução social, que é política e histórica. Conclusões: O diálogo entre a saúde coletiva latino-americana e a TO social reconhece a chamada questão social como parte do objeto de ambas, o que denota uma radicalidade em comum: a da assunção do papel emancipatório do trabalho coletivo. Defende-se que a especificidade da prática em TO no setor saúde está relacionada à análise emancipatória da complexidade de operacionalização da práxis social e seus impactos na determinação social da saúde. Análise e intervenção, ambas fundadas na dialética entre atividade humana e cotidiano, concretizado na participação radical dos sujeitos envolvidos, potencializam a composição da práxis revolucionária coletiva que, no horizonte da utopia concreta, gerará os meios para produzir uma nova sociedade.
Introduction: The ontological dimension of marxist theory allows the analysis of human activities as working processes oriented by an intention, by decomposing them into its elements that relate to each other dialectically. This thesis studied the foundations of occupational therapy (OT) working process, based on Latin-American collective health affiliated with Dialectical Historical Materialism (DHM). Based on Karl Marx and György Lukács, it was adopted Ricardo Bruno Mendes-Gonçalves inflections for health field of practices. It is proposed that detailed analysis of every social practice is possible, based on the categories of the referred theory. Objectives: To understand and systematize the working process in OT in the health field, based on the Latin American collective health framework, founded on the DHM, and to systematize the methodological process of collective construction of knowledge about OT practices, as a tool for strengthening workers. Method: Emancipatory action research, comprising as main elements: the radical participation of all those involved, which means understanding the participants as internal researchers in a horizontal relationship with the external researchers; the dialectical development of knowledge, in a dialogue between reality and theory, individual experience and collective determinations of the analyzed phenomena; and social transformation, meaning the seek for overcoming capitalism. Ten emancipatory workshops were held, with ten occupational therapists with permanent analysis of collective production along the way. The theoretical category mediations was incorporated as a methodological element for the analysis of social totality, based on José Paulo Netto, Reinaldo Pontes and István Mészáros. Results: Human activity was identified as the object of the working process in OT, defined by the category work in the DHM theory, which determines its dynamic and complex characteristics in the mediation it performs in the everyday lives of individuals. The emancipatory analysis of human activities, based on the elements of the working processes that compose them and their dialectics were considered the singular contribution of OT to collective emancipatory praxis. The final product of OT practice was identified as the radical participation of the individuals, recognized as members of a social class and ontologically collective individuals, either in their singularity as well as by the impacts of their social relations. As tools of practice, four methodological elements were identified: the emancipatory analysis of human activity, the emancipatory proposition of activities, the operationalization of radical participation and the intervention in the social fabric. Everyday life was understood as the means in which the working process is established, a complex of social reproduction, which is political and historical. Conclusions: The dialogue between Latin American collective health and Brazilian social OT recognizes the social issues as part of the object of both, which points to a common radicality in the assumption of the emancipatory role of collective work. OT practice in the health field is related to the emancipatory analysis of the complexity of operationalizing social praxis and its impacts on the social determination of health. Analysis and intervention, both founded on the dialectics between human activity and everyday life, materialized in the radical participation of individuals, enhance the composition of the collective revolutionary praxis that, in the horizon of concrete utopia, will generate the means to produce a new society.
Assuntos
Saúde Pública , Enfermagem , Terapia Ocupacional , Capacitação Profissional , Determinação Social da Saúde , Atividades HumanasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome and broken heart syndrome, is characterized by acute-onset chest pain, electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities and reversible left ventricular (LV) disfunction in the absence of a culprit obstructive lesion in the coronary arteries; therefore, myocardial infarction is the most important differential diagnosis. Usually induced by emotional/physical stress, its treatment consists in hemodynamic support until complete and spontaneous recovery occurs, which is generally achieved within a few days to weeks. Cervical malignancies are an important public health issue in low/middle-income countries and, in the setting of locally advanced disease, concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy is considered the standard treatment, harboring curative potential. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 38-year-old woman who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy and developed cardiopulmonary arrest in ventricular fibrillation during a brachytherapy session. Complementary tests disclosed altered ECG and cardiac biomarkers, no evidence of coronary artery obstruction, as well as LV disfunction consistent with TTS on echocardiogram and cardiac MRI. After few days of supportive therapy, complete recovery of heart function was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Especially for cancer patients, who usually experience intense emotional/physical stress intrinsically associated with their diagnosis and aggressive treatments, considering TTS as a differential diagnosis is warranted. Intracavitary brachytherapy procedure may represent a trigger for TTS.
RESUMO
Hypertension is a disease classified as primary or secondary, manifested not only by elevation of blood pressure but also involved in structural and functional changes of target organs. Renal artery stenosis is a leading factor of secondary hypertension, and its progress is associated with overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Aliskiren is a renin inhibiting drug that suppresses RAAS and culminates in decreased renin release, plasma angiotensin II concentration, and inhibition of aldosterone secretion. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to analyze the structural and ultrastructural morphophysiology of the adrenal glomerular zone, after treatment with aliskiren in Wistar rats with 2K1C hypertension. Parameters as structure and ultrastructure of the adrenal glomerular zone, cellular apoptosis, nuclear cell proliferation, and AT1 receptor expression were analyzed by immunostaining and electron microscopy. Our results showed that the hypertensive animals treated with aliskiren presented a reestablishment of AT1 receptor expression and decrease in apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, treatment with aliskiren improves the cell aspects in the adrenal glomerular zone, evidenced by ultrastructural analysis through preserved nuclei and well-developed mitochondria. Therefore, our evidence suggests that aliskiren has a beneficial effect on the adrenal glomerular zone remodeling in animals with renovascular hypertension.