Theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity.

OBJECTIVES: to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care. METHODS: Grounded Theory and the theoretical/philosophical framework of Virginia Henderson were used. The research was conducted in Family Basic Health Units and in Specialized Services in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 24 participants composed four sample groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between April and October 2015, and analyzed by the constant comparison method. The analysis occurred by initial coding, construction of diagrams and memos, axial coding, selective coding and reflection on the paradigm and on the emerging theory. RESULTS: six categories emerged from the data. Nurses worrying about the care of children with obesity as a neglected area in Primary Health Care was the theoretical model. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the phenomenon is related to the individuality of nursing care and the need for shared responsibilities.

Theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity / Modelo teórico de cuidado del enfermero para el niño con problemas de obesidad / Modelo teórico de cuidado do enfermeiro à criança com obesidade

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe a theoretical model of nursing care for children with obesity in Primary Health Care. Methods: Grounded Theory and the theoretical/philosophical framework of Virginia Henderson were used. The research was conducted in Family Basic Health Units and in Specialized Services in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. A total of 24 participants composed four sample groups. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, between April and October 2015, and analyzed by the constant comparison method. The analysis occurred by initial coding, construction of diagrams and memos, axial coding, selective coding and reflection on the paradigm and on the emerging theory. Results: six categories emerged from the data. Nurses worrying about the care of children with obesity as a neglected area in Primary Health Care was the theoretical model. Final Considerations: the phenomenon is related to the individuality of nursing care and the need for shared responsibilities.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir el modelo teórico de atención de enfermería para niños con obesidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: se utilizó la Teoría Basada en Datos y el marco teórico/filosófico de Virginia Henderson. La investigación se realizó en diversas Unidades Básicas de Salud Familiar y Servicios Especializados en Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Hubo 24 participantes que formaron cuatro grupos de muestra. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, entre abril y octubre de 2015 y se analizaron mediante el método de comparación constante. El análisis se realizó utilizando la codificación inicial, la construcción de diagramas y memorandos, la codificación axial, selectiva y la reflexión sobre el paradigma y la teoría emergente. Resultados: de los datos surgieron seis categorías. El modelo teórico estaba constituido por el enfermero preocupado con el cuidado de niños con obesidad como área desatendida en la Atención Primaria. Consideraciones Finales: el fenómeno traspasa la individualidad de la atención del enfermero y se depara con la necesidad de una responsabilidad compartida.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o modelo teórico de cuidado do enfermeiro com crianças com obesidade na Atenção Básica de Saúde. Métodos: utilizou-se da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados e na referencial teórico/filosófico de Virginia Henderson. A pesquisa foi realizada em Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família e Serviços Especializados, em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. Com 24 participantes que formaram quatro grupos amostrais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, entre abril a outubro 2015, e analisados pelo método de comparação constante. A análise realizou-se pela codificação inicial, construção de diagramas e memorandos, codificação axial, seletiva e reflexão sobre o paradigma e a teoria emergente. Resultados: seis categorias emergiram dos dados. Constitui o modelo teórico a preocupação do enfermeiro com o cuidado à criança com obesidade como área negligenciada na Atenção Básica. Considerações Finais: o fenômeno perpassa a individualidade do cuidado do enfermeiro e se depara com a necessidade de uma responsabilidade compartilhada.

Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. RESULTS: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSION: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

Factors associated with delay in seeking care by tuberculosis patients / Factores asociados a demoras en la búsqueda de atención del enfermo de tuberculosis / Fatores associados ao atraso na procura por atendimento pelo doente de tuberculose

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify social, clinical and behavioral factors of tuberculosis patients that are associated with delay in the search for primary health care. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 56 people on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data were collected through a structured instrument. The Chi-square and Fisher tests were applied to test the association between independent and dependent variables (search time). A value of p <0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: No social or clinical variables were statistically associated with patient delays in the search for primary health care. Among the behavioral variables, self-medication and the first health service sought had a statistically significant association with the time for seeking care (p = 0.020, and p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusion: Self-medication contributes to the delay in the search for primary health care by tuberculosis patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores sociales, clínicos y conductuales de enfermos de tuberculosis, asociados a la demora por buscar la primera atención de salud. Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 56 personas en tratamiento de tuberculosis pulmonar, en Natal/RN, Brasil. Datos recolectados mediante instrumento estructurado. Se aplicaron los tests de Chi-cuadrado y de Fisher para probar la asociación entre las variables dependientes e independientes (tiempo de búsqueda). Se estableció un valor de p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Ninguna variable social o clínica mostró asociación estadística a la demora del enfermo en la búsqueda de la primera atención de salud. Entre las variables conductuales, la automedicación y el primer servicio de salud buscado presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa con el tiempo de búsqueda (p = 0,020 y p = 0,033, respectivamente). Conclusión: La automedicación contribuye a la demora en la búsqueda de la primera atención de salud en el enfermo de tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar fatores sociais, clínicos e comportamentais dos doentes de tuberculose que estejam associados ao atraso na procura pelo primeiro atendimento à saúde. Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, conduzido com 56 pessoas em tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar em Natal/RN, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento estruturado. Aplicaram-se os testes de Qui-quadrado e Fisher para testar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes (tempo de procura). Fixou-se valor de p < 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Nenhuma variável social ou clínica se mostrou estatisticamente associada ao atraso do doente na procura pelo primeiro serviço de saúde. Dentre as variáveis comportamentais, a automedicação e o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado apresentaram associação estatística significativa com o tempo de procura (p = 0,020 e p = 0,033, respectivamente). Conclusão: A automedicação contribui para o atraso na procura pelo primeiro atendimento à saúde pelo doente de tuberculose.