Functionalization of γ-Alumina and Magnesia Nanoparticles with a Fluorocarbon Surfactant to Promote Ultra-Gas-Wet Surfaces: Experimental and Theoretical Approach.

A promising alternative to improve the ultra-gas-wet alteration process by the addition of nanoparticles was developed. This study is focused on studying the functionalization process of nanoparticles of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) and magnesia (MgO) using a commercial fluorocarbon surfactant (SYLNYL-FSJ), from an experimental and theoretical approach. Different fluorocarbon surfactant concentrations were used in the functionalization process of the nanoparticles, and the materials obtained were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The experimental setup of the interaction between the surfactant and nanoparticles was reproduced by molecular simulations in order to obtain physical insights into the adsorption process. Experimental results show a suitable functionalization for both nanoparticles with the fluorocarbon surfactant. The γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles showed better behavior based on the obtained nonfrictional conditions, which lead the water and n-decane droplets to slide on the rock surface coated with the functionalized nanoparticles. The experimental contact angles on the functionalized γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles were reproduced by molecular dynamics simulations. From the interaction energies' evaluation, it was also determined that alumina nanoparticles could reduce the adhesive energy to 0.01 kcal mol-1, regarding magnesia nanoparticles. Also, a significant difference was obtained for the surfactant-liquid interactions between the two nanoparticles evaluated, with changes of 17% for surfactant-water interactions and 28% for the surfactant-n-decane. The obtained results explain the pronounced increase for the contact angles of n-decane on the functionalized γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles.

La laparotomía de control de daños en pacientes sin trauma reduce el número de ostomías / Damage control laparotomy in non-trauma patients reduces the number of ostomies

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la laparotomía de control de daños con ligadura y reconstrucción intestinal diferida, en pacientes con peritonitis secundaria a compromiso de víscera hueca, reduce el número de ostomías. Métodos. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años de edad que ingresaron a la clínica con sospecha de peritonitis de origen no traumático y que se sometieron a laparotomía entre enero del 2003 y diciembre del 2018. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, escalas de gravedad fisiológica, técnicas de reconstrucción intestinal y resultados clínicos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 306 pacientes, distribuidos en tres grupos: 1) 120 (39,2 %) sometidos a resección y anastomosis, 2) 87 (28,4 %) sometidos a ostomía, y 3) 99 (32,3 %) sometidos inicialmente a ligadura intestinal. Los pacientes sometidos a ligadura intestinal presentaron mayor compromiso fisiológico al ingreso a la unidad de cuidado intensivo, con puntuación APACHE II: 14 (rango intercuartílico, RIC=10-18) en el grupo 1, 13 (RIC=11-18) en el grupo 2, y 18 (RIC=14-24) en el grupo 3 (p<0,01). Sin embargo, más de la mitad se reconstruyeron en la siguiente laparotomía: anastomosis mecánica (16/99; 16,1 %), anastomosis manual (49/99; 49,5 %), ostomía (34/99; 34,3 %). Además, estos pacientes sometidos a ligadura intestinal tuvieron un número significativamente mayor de nuevas laparotomías, y de días de asistencia respiratoria mecánica, de estancia en la unidad de cuidado intensivo y de estancia hospitalaria. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mortalidad entre los subgrupos: (grupo 1=19 (15,8 %), grupo 2=16 (18,4 %), grupo 3=19 (19,2 %) (p=0,79). Conclusión. En este estudio, se logró evitar la ostomía como técnica de reconstrucción definitiva en más de la mitad de los pacientes con peritonitis que se sometieron a laparotomía de control de daños con ligadura intestinal

Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the damage control laparotomy with ligation and delayed intestinal reconstruction (DR), in patients with peritonitis secondary to compromised hollow viscera, reduces the number of ostomies.Methods. All patients under 18 years of age who entered the clinic with suspected non-traumatic peritonitis and who underwent laparotomy between January 2003 and December 2018 were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, severity scales physiological, intestinal reconstruction techniques and clinical results were evaluated.Results. A total of 306 patients were included, divided into three groups: 1) 120 (39.2 %) underwent resection and anastomosis, 2) 87 (28.4 %) underwent ostomy, and 3) 99 (32.3 %) underwent initial to intestinal ligation. Patients undergoing intestinal ligation presented greater physiological compromise upon admission to the intensive care unit, with an APACHE II score: 14 (interquartile range, IQR= 10-18) in group 1, 13 (IQR = 11-18) in the group 2, and 18 (IQR = 14-24) in group 3 (p<0.01). However, more than half were reconstructed in the following laparotomy: mechanical anastomosis (16/99; 16.1 %), manual anastomosis (49/99; 49.5 %), ostomy (34/99; 34.3 %). Also, they had a significantly greater number of new laparotomies, and of days of mechanical respiratory assistance, of stay in the intensive care unit and of hospital stay. There were no statistically significant differences in mortality between the subgroups: group 1= 19 (15.8 %), group 2= 16 (18.4 %), group 3= 19 (19.2 %) (p= 0.79). Conclusion. In this study, it was possible to avoid the ostomy as the definitive reconstruction technique in more than half of the patients with peritonitis who underwent damage control laparotomy with intestinal ligation

First report of canine borreliosis seroprevalence in a middle-altitude tropical urban area (Medellín-Colombia) / Primer reporte de seroprevalencia de borreliosis canina en una ciudad localizada en una altitud media en la región tropical (Medellín, Colombia) / Primeiro relato de soroprevalência de borreliose canina em uma cidade localizada a uma altitude média na região tropical (Medellín, Colombia)

Anamnesis: A one year old French Bulldog male, affected by gastrointestinal symptoms and abdominal pain, with no response to the established therapeutic schedule was attended. Clinical and laboratory findings: The most significant finding was thrombocytopenia and seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi by IDEXX 4S Snap test. Treatment approach: treatment was established with tetracycline and doxycycline. Eight months later the dog showed signs of polyarthritis and received a second antibiotic treatment with remission of the disease and sero-reversion. Conclusions: This case is of epidemiological relevance because it is the first time canine borreliosis is evidenced by serology in dogs from an urban setting, suggesting the disease is moving on toward middle altitude and urban areas. Clinical signs and treatment schedule are reviewed.

Anamnesis: un perro de la raza Bulldog francés de un año de edad, fue llevado a consulta por tener síntomas gastrointestinales, sin respuesta al tratamiento previo. Hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio: el perro presentó trombocitopenia y serología positiva a Borrelia burgdorferi por IDEXX 4S Snap test. Tratamiento: El tratamiento se instauró con tetraclina y doxiciclina. A los 8 meses el perro mostró poliartritis y continuaba seropositivo, por lo cual recibió un segundo esquema con antibióticos que resulto en remisión de los signos y serorreversión. Conclusiones: este caso es de relevancia epidemiológica por ser la primera vez que se diagnostica la borreliosis canina en un área rural por serología, lo que sugiere que la enfermedad se puede estar desplazando hacia centros urbanos y mayores altitudes. En la discusión se revisan los signos clínicos y el esquema de tratamiento de la enfermedad en caninos.

História: A consulta foi realizada a cão do raça buldogue francês de um ano, ter sintomas gastrointestinais, sem resposta ao tratamento anterior. Os achados clínicos e laboratoriais: o cão tem trombocitopenia e sorologia positiva para Borrelia burgdorferi pelo IDEXX 4S Snap test. Tratamento: o tratamento foi iniciado com tetraciclina e doxiciclina. Aos 8 meses, o cão tem artrite e manteve-se soropositivo, pelo qual recebeu um segundo esquema de antibiótico o que resultou em remissão dos sinais e sero-reversão. Conclusões: neste caso, é de importância epidemiológica por ser o primeiro borreliose canina diagnosticado sorologicamente em uma área rural, o que sugere que a doença está se deslocando para os centros urbanos e as altitudes mais elevadas. Na seção de discussão dos sinais clínicos e esquema de tratamento da doença em cães são tratados.

Cáncer de mama en gemelas: a propósito de un caso / Breast cancer in twins: a case report

El cáncer de mama es la neoplasia más frecuente en la mujer. Solo 20% de las pacientes que presentan cáncer mamario tienen un antecedente familiar de la enfermedad, lo cual aumenta el riesgo relativo global. Casi en el 5% a 10% de los cánceres mamarios tiene una base hereditaria, sin embargo, solo el 0,1% de los casos están asociados a mutaciones de los genes BCRA-1 y BCRA-2. Actualmente se investigan otros genes relacionados a la enfermedad. Se presenta el caso de dos hermanas gemelas con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama derecha y antecedente familiar de tía materna fallecida por cáncer de mama

Breast cancer is the most frequent woman´s neoplasm. Only 20% from the patients have familiar history of breast cancer, with an increase over the global relative risk. Almost 5% to 10% of the breast cancer patients have a hereditary base, never less, only the 0.1% of the cases has any kind of association with a mutation of the gene BCRA-1 and BCRA-2. Actually, are under research another types of genes associated with the illness. The case of two sister monocygotics twins, with right breast cancer and a familiar history with a maternal aunt dead by complications from her breast cancer, is presented