[A rare case of multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cerebral stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection]. / Mul'tifokal'naya leikoentsefalopatiya i ostryi insul't posle infitsirovaniya virusom SARS-CoV-2.

A case of the development of multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hemorrhage after infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a female patient with Alzheimer's disease, aged 67 years, is described. The patient was hospitalized by an ambulance. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed the signs of cerebral infarction in the basin of the left middle cerebral artery with hemorrhagic transformation, multiple low-density foci that do not accumulate contrast in the white matter of the brain, the presence of sickle-shaped lesions in the cerebellum. CT of the chest revealed bilateral diffuse COVID-associated pneumonitis, alveolitis. The percentage of lesion was 75%. A smear express test for a new coronavirus infection was positive. Treatment was started, and a sudden death occurred. A sectional study in the brain revealed signs of ischemic cerebral infarction and multifocal leukoencephalomalacia - foci of demyelination (from 1 mm to 1 cm) had a multifocal lesion located in different parts of the white matter. Fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls, destructive-productive vasculitis, ischemic small-focal perivascular necrosis, ischemic lesions of neurons and glial cells, neuronal and glial spongiosis were noted. In conclusion, the cause of death of the patient was a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which caused diffuse viral COVID-associated pneumonitis, alveolitis with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults, respiratory failure and COVID-associated ischemic infarction, multifocal leukoencephalopathy (or malacia), cerebral edema complicated by neuromorphological changes in the brain.

[The case of the development of ischemic stroke and cerebral edema after SARS-COV-2 infection in a patient with discirculatory encephalopathy and concomitant schizophrenia]. / Sluchai razvitiya ishemicheskogo insul'ta i oteka golovnogo mozga posle infitsirovaniya SARS-CoV-2 na fone distsirkulyatornoi entsefalopatii i soputstvuyushchei shizofrenii.

The article presents a case of ischemic stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with dyscirculatory encephalopathy and schizophrenia. Patient 44 years old, was hospitalized due to a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and diagnosed bilateral pneumonia with a damage to 65% of the lung parenchyma. The patient has a history of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and paranoid schizophrenia, a continuous type of course. A fatal outcome occurs on the 2nd day of inpatient treatment. A brain autopsy revealed pericellular and perivascular edema, looseness of neuroglia with necrobiotic changes in the brain substance. Neuronal damage, small-focal gliosis, basophilic balls, destructive-productive vasculitis, ischemic small-focus necrosis were revealed. In the lungs, areas of atelectasis, disatelectasis, hyaline membranes, and edematous fluid were found. Epithelium of the convoluted tubules showed dystrophic and necrotic changes. The cause of death of the patient was a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which caused bilateral viral pneumonia, complicated by the development of acute respiratory failure and COVID-associated ischemic cerebral infarction complicated by neuromorphological changes in the brain.

[Immunohistochemical study of tubulovillosis adenoma tubulovillous intestinal adenoma in the elderly.]

Frequency indices of tubulovillous adenoma are higher than the ones of colorectal cancer, and probably, the majority of adenomas are prone to malignancy. It is often impossible to determine which adenoma tends to tumorous neoplasia. However, increase in the adenomas and expressed dysplasia contribute to adenomas malignant transformation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to evaluate cellular proliferation, apoptosis, beta-catenin in tubulovillous intestinal adenomas with varying degrees of dysplasia. The study used biopsy materials of tubulovillous adenomas obtained from 50 patients who underwent ectomy. After resection the adenomas were cut by the maximum size for the full thickness of tunicae mucosae, muscularis be included into the section. Immunohistochemical reactions used a cellular proliferation marker (Ki-67), that of apoptosis (P-53), of a transcription factor (ß-catenin). In tubulovillous adenomas with the low grade dysplasia degree there are low indicators of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, located primarily in basal glandular segments. As dysplasia degree increases, cellular division in the glandular epithelium intensifies and nuclear expression of beta-catenin appears as well. Against the background of a meaningful increase in cellular proliferation, a small number of cells in apoptotic condition are revealed. Thus, increased indicators of Ki-67 and ß-catenin in a tubulovillous adenomas in high grade dysplasia contributes to limiting cellular differentiation, violates intercellular contacts.

[Influence of bone marrow autotransplantation on neurotransmitter structures of appendix vermiformis in old rats.]

The influence of bone marrow autotransplantation on neurotransmitter structures of appendix vermiformis was studied. The study revealed that an increase in the number of neurotransmitter structures (mast and granular luminescent cells), having a high content of catecholamines and serotonin was noted in old rats in 40 min after bone marrow autotransplantation. In the center of vermiformis appendix lymphoid nodes reproduction cellular programmed differentiations having a high content of neuroamines are determined. In 2 hours after bone marrow autotransplantation their number decreases, the content of catecholamines and serotonin reduces as well. In the immunohistochemical reaction increase in proliferative activity of cells both in proper t. mucosa plate crypts and appendix vermiformis lymphoid nodules is observed up to 40 min of experiment. In 2 hours Ki-67 positive cells reduce both in t. mucosa and t. s/mucosa of appendix vermiformis.