Physical activity and sedentary behavior levels among individuals with mental illness: A cross-sectional study from 23 countries.

People with mental illness tend to present low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behavior. The study aims to compare these levels in mental illness patients, exploring the role of socioeconomic development and treatment setting. This cross-sectional study used accelerometers and the Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior in mental illness individuals living in 23 countries. Two-way ANOVAs were used to evaluate the interaction between socioeconomic development and the treatment settings on physical activity and sedentary behavior. A total of 884 (men = 55.3%) participants, mean age of 39.3 (SD = 12.8), were evaluated. A significant interaction between socioeconomic development and treatment settings was found in sedentary behavior (F = 5.525; p = 0.019; η2p = 0.009; small effect size). Main effects were observed on socioeconomic development (F = 43.004; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.066; medium effect size) and treatment setting (F = 23.001; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.036; small effect size) for sedentary behavior and physical activity: socioeconomic development (F = 20.888; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.033; small effect size) and treatment setting (F = 30.358; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.047; small effect size), showing that HIC patients were more active, while MIC patients were more sedentary. Moreover, despite of inpatients had presented higher levels of physical activity than outpatients, they also spent more time sitting. Socioeconomic development plays an important role in sedentary behavior in patients with mental disorders, warning the need to develop new strategies to reduce these levels in this population.

Precision-based exercise in people with anxiety and stress related disorders: Are there interindividual differences in anxiolytic effects? An ancillary meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Interest in the individualized responses to exercise has been growing within mental health care and psychiatry. This meta-analysis examined if true interindividual differences (IIDs) in anxiolytic effects of exercise exist among adults with anxiety- and stress-related disorders. Data were extracted from a previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and searches in CINAHL, Embase and Medline were updated (8 arms from 7 original studies, n participants=322). Change outcome standard deviations treated as point estimates for anxiety were extracted to calculate true IIDs. Inverse variance heterogeneity and restricted maximum likelihood models were used. Aerobic exercise and resistance training showed significant anxiolytic effects. No significant pooled IIDs were found for aerobic exercise nor resistance training demonstrating that there is currently a lack of convincing evidence to support the notion that true IIDs exist for the anxiolytic effects of exercise among adults with anxiety- and stress-related disorders. Consequently, clinical practice can focus on general population physical activity guidelines for patients with anxiety- and stress-related disorders rather than aiming for highly specific, individualized recommendations. Future research could prioritize investigating how to motivate patients with anxiety- and stress-related disorders to meet general population physical activity guidelines.

Endothelial dysfunction in people with depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The study aimed to identify whether people diagnosed with depression have endothelial dysfunction, assessed by the technique of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), when compared to controls without depression. In addition, to verify whether people with depressive symptoms have impaired endothelial function when compared to controls without symptoms. Also to explore the potential moderators of the association between depression and endothelial dysfunction. Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science, from inception to April 16, 2021, for studies in people with depression and controls evaluating endothelial function through FMD. The primary outcome was the percentage of change in FMD. Comparative random effects meta-analysis, calculating the mean difference (MD) of the FMD between depressed and controls was performed. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by meta-regressions and subgroup analyses. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020192070). Nine studies evaluating 1367 participants (379 depressed and 988 controls) (median age = 39.8 years, 44.9% men) were included. People with depression had lower FMD = -1.48% (95%CI = -2.62 to -0.33). High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels moderated the effect (beta = -0.408, 95%CI = -0.776 to -0.040). Differences in FMD were found when assessment was done in the first minute after release of the occlusion, when using occlusion position in distal forearm, and when using occlusion pressure between 250 and 300 mmHg. Those with clinical depression (established by diagnostic instruments) presented the greatest dysfunction. Individuals with depression have a more impaired endothelial dysfunction when compared to controls. HDL cholesterol levels and differences in FMD assessment modalities moderate the difference.

Atividade física e saúde mental durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma revisão rápida de estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros / Physical activity and mental health during the covid-19 pandemic: a rapid review of Brazilian epidemiological studies

O distanciamento social, uma das principais estratégias para minimizar a transmissão e o contágio pelo novo coronavírus, provoca um rompimento brusco e substancial nos comportamentos da vida diária, levando a diminuição dos níveis de atividade física e piora dos sintomas de depressão e ansiedade. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão rápida de estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros que avaliaram a associação entre atividade física e saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A busca pelos estudos foi realizada nas bases Scielo, Scielo Preprints e PubMed até o dia 27 de janeiro de 2021. Foram incluídos seis estudos que avaliaram um total de 64.473 brasileiros, com idades acima dos 18, de todas as regiões do país. Dos estudos analisados, quatro demonstraram que há uma associação entre atividade física e sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, um demonstrou que há associação entre atividade física e depressão e um que há associação entre atividade física e sintomas de ansiedade. Ser fisicamente inativo durante a pandemia da COVID-19 está associado a um risco 152% maior de apresentar depressão e 118% maior de ansiedade. Realizar 30 minutos ou mais de atividade física moderada a vigorosa por dia está associado a redução de 29% no risco de sintomas depressivos, 28% de ansiedade e 29% na co-ocorrência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade. A prática de atividade física é uma estratégia importante de saúde pública para mitigar o impacto da pandemia e das medidas de isolamento social na saúde mental da população Brasileira.(AU)

Social distancing, the main strategy to minimize transmission and contagion by the coronavirus, causes a sudden and substantial disruption in daily life behavior, leading to decreased levels of physical activity and worsening symptoms of depression and anxiety. The aim of the study was to conduct a rapid review of Brazilian epidemiological studies that evaluated the association between physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The search for the studies was carried out on the Scielo, Scielo Preprints and PubMed databases until January 27, 2021. Six studies were included that evaluated a total of 64,473 Brazilians, over 18, from all regions of the country. Of the studies analyzed, four demonstrated an association between physical activity and symptoms of depression and anxiety, one demonstrated that there is an association between physical activity and depressive symptoms and one that there is an association between physical activity and symptoms of anxiety. Being physically inactive during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a 152% higher risk of depression and 118% greater anxiety. Performing 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day is associated with a 29% reduction in the risk of depressive symptoms, 28% anxiety and 29% in the co-occurrence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. The practice of physical activity is an important public health strategy to mitigate the impact of the pandemic and social isolation measures on the mental health of the Brazilian population.(AU)

El distanciamiento social, una de las principales estrategias para minimizar la transmisión y contagio por el nuevo coronavirus, provoca una alteración repentina y sustancial en el comportamiento y la vida diaria, lo que lleva a una disminución de los niveles de actividad física y al empeoramiento de los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar una revisión rápida de los estudios epidemiológicos brasileños que evaluaron la asociación entre la actividad física y la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La búsqueda de los estudios se realizó en las bases de datos Scielo, Scielo Preprints y PubMed hasta el 27 de enero de 2021. Se incluyeron seis estudios que evaluaron a un total de 64.473 brasileños, mayores de 18 años, de todas las regiones del país. De los estudios analizados, cuatro demostraron que existe asociación entre actividad física y síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, uno demostró que existe asociación entre actividad física y depresión y uno que existe asociación entre actividad física y ansiedad. Estar físicamente inactivo durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se asocia con un 152% más de riesgo de depresión y un 118% más de ansiedad. Realizar 30 minutos o más de actividad física de moderada a vigorosa por día se asocia con una reducción del 29% en el riesgo de síntomas depresivos, 28% de ansiedad y 29% en la co-ocurrencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. La práctica de actividad física es una importante estrategia de salud pública para mitigar el impacto de la pandemia y las medidas de aislamiento social en la salud mental de la población brasileña.(AU)

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults. However, no systematic review with meta-analysis assessed the cross-sectional associations between CRF and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Therefore, this meta-analysis assessed the relationship between CRF and depressive symptom in these populations. Methods Cross-sectional data evaluating the correlation between CRF and depression were searched, from database inception through 21/05/2020, on PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Age, sex, CRF and depression assessments, and correlations were extracted. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and the potential sources of heterogeneity were also explored through meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 effects of 11 unique studies, including a total of 7,095 participants (median age=12.49) with nearly equal sex distribution (median=53% females), it was found that higher CRF was associated with lower depressive symptoms in children and adolescents (r =-0.174, 95%CI -0.221 to -0.126, p<0.001, I2=75.09, Q value=52.19). No moderators were identified. Conclusion Available evidence supports the notion that higher CRF is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Physical activity and exercise interventions targeting improving CRF should be promoted for these populations. Further studies, including clinical populations, should be conducted to assess objective measures of aerobic fitness and body composition, while controlling for puberty status, to better characterize this association.