Improving the translation of search strategies using the Polyglot Search Translator: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Searching for studies to include in a systematic review (SR) is a time- and labor-intensive process with searches of multiple databases recommended. To reduce the time spent translating search strings across databases, a tool called the Polyglot Search Translator (PST) was developed. The authors evaluated whether using the PST as a search translation aid reduces the time required to translate search strings without increasing errors. METHODS: In a randomized trial, twenty participants were randomly allocated ten database search strings and then randomly assigned to translate five with the assistance of the PST (PST-A method) and five without the assistance of the PST (manual method). We compared the time taken to translate search strings, the number of errors made, and how close the number of references retrieved by a translated search was to the number retrieved by a reference standard translation. RESULTS: Sixteen participants performed 174 translations using the PST-A method and 192 translations using the manual method. The mean time taken to translate a search string with the PST-A method was 31 minutes versus 45 minutes by the manual method (mean difference: 14 minutes). The mean number of errors made per translation by the PST-A method was 8.6 versus 14.6 by the manual method. Large variation in the number of references retrieved makes results for this outcome inconclusive, although the number of references retrieved by the PST-A method was closer to the reference standard translation than the manual method. CONCLUSION: When used to assist with translating search strings across databases, the PST can increase the speed of translation without increasing errors. Errors in search translations can still be a problem, and search specialists should be aware of this.

Midwifery abdication - is it acknowledged or discussed within the midwifery literature: An integrative review.

INTRODUCTION: In this review we explore the concept of Midwifery Abdication and whether it is acknowledged or discussed within the midwifery literature. METHODS: A modified Whittemore and Knafl integrative review framework of 2005 enabled consideration of quantitative and qualitative literature. A total of 1508 papers were located. Duplicate records were removed, leaving 1197 records. All titles, abstracts, or case facts were reviewed using a framework derived from the definition of Midwifery Abdication. Three qualitative studies were selected for analysis; the NICE Quality Appraisal Checklist was used to determine study quality. RESULTS: Midwifery Abdication occurs, as reported within the wider midwifery literature, and indicated in three studies from different countries. However, the original constructs need to be widened to include: 'external perceptions of midwifery practice' and 'how can reflection facilitate change'. The extent of philosophy in these environments leads to the adoption of midwifery philosophy failure. Such an environment impacts on a midwife's ability to fully exercise autonomy, and to advocate for normality and women. This renders Midwifery Abdication almost inevitable or at least very difficult to prevent. A midwife's professional identity, environmental hierarchy and associated culture of social obedience, acceptance and finding one's place, all act as influencing factors in abdication. CONCLUSIONS: Midwifery education needs to ensure that midwives are prepared and able to embrace their professional status as independent practitioners. Promotion of reflexive practice to facilitate personal and professional change is warranted. Practice policies that are not supportive of a midwife's professional autonomy and scope of practice reinforce the technocratic work environment.