Nanodomain structure of single crystalline nickel oxide.

In this work we present a comprehensive study of the domain structure of a nickel oxide single crystal grown by floating zone melting and suggest a correlation between point defects and the observed domain structure. The properties and structure of domains dictate the dynamics of resistive switching, water splitting and gas sensing, to name but a few. Investigating the correlation between point defects and domain structure can provide a deeper understanding of their formation and structure, which potentially allows one to tailor domain structure and the dynamics of the aforementioned applications. A range of inhomogeneities are observed by diffraction and microscopy techniques. X-ray and low-energy electron diffraction reveal domains on the submicron- and nanometer-scales, respectively. In turn, these domains are visualised by atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), respectively. A comprehensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study reveals inhomogeneities ranging from domains of varying size, misorientation of domains, variation of the lattice constant and bending of lattice planes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy indicate the crystal is Ni deficient. Density functional theory calculations-considering the spatial and electronic disturbance induced by the favourable nickel vacancy-reveal a nanoscale distortion comparable to STM and TEM observations. The different inhomogeneities are understood in terms of the structural relaxation induced by ordering of nickel vacancies, which is predicted to be favourable.

Nanoclusters and nanolines: the effect of molybdenum oxide substrate stoichiometry on iron self-assembly.

The growth of Fe nanostructures on the stoichiometric MoO2/Mo(110) and oxygen-rich MoO2+x /Mo(110) surfaces has been studied using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory calculations. STM results indicate that at low coverage Fe nucleates on the MoO2/Mo(110) surface, forming small, well-ordered nanoclusters of uniform size, each consisting of five Fe atoms. These five-atom clusters can agglomerate into larger nanostructures reflecting the substrate geometry, but they retain their individual character within the structure. Linear Fe nanocluster arrays are formed on the MoO2/Mo(110) surface at room temperature when the surface coverage is greater than 0.6 monolayers. These nanocluster arrays follow the direction of the oxide rows of the strained MoO2/Mo(110) surface. Slightly altering the preparation procedure of MoO2/Mo(110) leads to the presence of oxygen adatoms on this surface. Fe deposition onto the oxygen-rich MoO2+x /Mo(110) surface results in elongated nanostructures that reach up to 24 nm in length. These nanolines have a zigzag shape and are likely composed of partially oxidised Fe formed upon reaction with the oxygen-rich surface.

Integrative treatment modalities for stoke victims in Korea.

OBJECTIVES: To suggest and discuss an integrative medicine model for stroke patients, we introduce our experience in Korea, describe treatment modalities used for stroke in Korean medicine, and present safety data on integrative care. SUMMARY: For inpatients, integrative management is applied at the request of the primary physician with the consent of patients or their families. In the acute stage, neurologists or neurosurgeons take charge as the primary physicians. Korean medicine doctors cooperate as secondary physicians to the neurologists and neurosurgeons. After the acute stage, responsibilities are exchanged. The rehabilitation program is conducted under the supervision of rehabilitation medicine doctors. The most frequently used complementary and alternative medicine modalities are acupuncture (including manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture and intradermal acupuncture), moxibustion, herbal prescriptions, and acupuncture point injection. CONCLUSION: Based on our field experiences, we believe it is worthwhile to continue efforts to integrate complementary and alternative medicine and Western medicine.

Negative pressure dressings for severe hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa): a case report.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a frustrating disease to treat for both the patient and the practitioner. In severe cases, aggressive management will often have a more tolerable outcome. We present the case of a 46-year-old gentleman with a long-standing history of severe HS, who was treated successfully with wide surgical excision, followed by a full-thickness skin graft and negative pressure wound therapy (both pre- and post-operatively). A review of the literature revealed few reports of HS treatment using these sequential steps.

Using laptops for point-of-care real-time documentation.

This article describes the process for implementing a computerized patient record system for home health. Reasons for moving to a CPR and database design are described. The article also includes the choice of laptops, chart conversion explanations, and the education required for implementation.

Maternal height and cephalopelvic disproportion in Sierra Leone.

PIP: Researchers used hospital records of 550 primigravidae who delivered single infants during 1979-1982 at the Nixon Memorial Hospital in Segbwema, Sierra Leone to measure the value of various heights for screening women for risk of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). 39 of the women had a Caesarean section due to CPD. A high percentage (50%) of the shortest women (54 inches) with CPD delivered a child by Caesarean section, whereas just 2% of the tallest women with CPD (= or + 64 inches) did so. To screen for CPD, the researchers calculated the specificity and sensitivity for each height so they could identify that height which may best indicate CPD. The percentage of women who had a Caesarean section for CPD and were correctly identified (sensitivity) varied from 20.5% for women up to 54 inches to 92.3% for those 61-62 inches. Further the percentage of women who had CPD and did not need a Caesarean section (specificity) ranged from 98.4% for women up to 54 inches to 16% for those 61-62 inches. When the researchers plotted the sensitivities and specificities on a graph, they learned that the best choices for a screening height were 59 or 60 inches. 60 inches identified 84.5% of the primigravidae who had CPD whereas 59 inches identified 77% (7.6% difference). Moreover the difference in specificity between 59 and 60 inches was more pronounced (12%). It stood at 45% for 60 inches and 57% for 59 inches. The researchers chose greater sensitivity and thereby selected 60 inches as the screening height. They had to not only identify and refer women at risk of CPD, but limit the potential workload at hospitals and the ordeal of convincing women to go to a hospital.^ieng

Genetic Differentiation by Nucleic Acid Homology II. Genotypic Variations Within Two Mycoplasma Species.

Somerson, Norman L. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), Paul R. Reich, Barbara E. Walls, Robert M. Chanock, and Sherman M. Weissman. Genetic differentiation by nucleic acid homology. II. Genotypic variations within two Mycoplasma species. J. Bacteriol. 92:311-317. 1966.-A deoxyribonucleic-ribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) homology technique was used to determine genetic relatedness among the nucleic acids of eight mycoplasmas which were serologically classified as Mycoplasma hominis type 1. The DNA preparations from these organisms were each found to be distinct. No subgrouping of the M. hominis type 1 strains could be demonstrated. In contrast, when the nucleic acids from six serologically related mycoplasmas which were isolated from tissue cultures were studied, the DNA from these species could not be distinguished. The DNA buoyant densities of the tissue culture isolates were similar. These isolates were closely related genetically to a porcine mycoplasma, M. hyorhinis.