Preliminary Studies on the Effects of Oyster Mushroom Spherical Virus China Strain on the Mycelial Growth and Fruiting Body Yield of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus.

Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA mycovirus which is associated with a devastating oyster mushroom die-back disease. However, little is known about its diversity, and the effects of OMSV infection on its fungal host are not well understood. In this study, we determined the nearly complete nucleotide sequence of OMSV isolated from cultivated oyster mushrooms in China. Sequence analysis suggested that the virus represents a new strain of OMSV (referred to here as OMSV-Ch). A GenBank BLAST search of the genomic sequences demonstrated that the OMSV-Ch had the highest identity (74.9%) with the OMSV from Korea (OMSV-Kr). At the amino acid-sequence level, these two strains shared 84.1% identity in putative replication protein (RP) and 94.1% identity in coat protein (CP). Phylogenetic analysis based on RP showed that OMSV-Ch clustered with OMSV-Kr, closely related to Tymoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on both the RP and CP showed that OMSV had a distant clade relationship with tymoviruses, marafiviruses, and maculaviruses. We obtained the OMSV-Ch-free Pleurotus ostreatus strain via single hyphal tip cultures combined with high-temperature treatment. Preliminary studies indicate that OMSV-Ch can significantly inhibit mycelial growth, cause malformations of the fruiting bodies, and reduce the yield of P. ostreatus. Co-cultivation resulted in horizontal transmission of the OMSV-Ch to a virus-cured strain. The findings of our study contribute to the prevention and control of mycoviral diseases in the future.

[Surgical approach for lung cancer larger than 10 cm].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the surgical techniques for lung cancer larger than 10 cm. METHODS: Via a modified anterolateral thoracotomy entered through the 4th or 5th intercostal space, intrapericardial access to pulmonary vessels was obtained for pneumonectomy or extended pneumonectomy in all patients, after excluding the feasibility of lobectomy. RESULTS: From March 2009 to October 2011, 13 consecutive patients with lung cancer larger than 10 cm, were admitted to surgical resection via this approach for intrapericardial pneumonectomy/extending pneumonectomy. The whole processes were smooth and without any major morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The main approach for lung cancer larger than 10 cm is pneumonectomy. The key to surgical success is intrapericardial controlling of the hilum vascular. The modified anterolateral thoracotomy may facilitate this procedure.