Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting the placement of nasointestinal tubes in critically ill patients based on abdominal radiography: A single-center, retrospective study.

Background: Enteral nutrition administered via the nasointestinal tube (NET) is a prevalent nutritional modality among critically ill patients, and abdominal radiographs hold significant value in accurately ascertaining the precise positioning of the NET subsequent to its placement. Therefore, we propose an innovative approach to construct a clinical prediction model based on NET's configuration within the gastrointestinal tract in abdominal radiography. This model aims to enhance the accuracy of determining the position of NETs after their placement. Methods: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between October 2017 and October 2021 were included to constitute the training cohort for retrospective analysis, and nomogram was constructed. Consecutively enrolled patients admitted to the same hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were included as the validation cohort. The training cohort underwent a univariate analysis initially, followed by a multivariate logistic regression approach to analyze and identify the most appropriate model. Subsequently, nomogram was generated along with receiver operator characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curves for both the training and validation cohorts to evaluate the predictive performance of the model. Results: The training and validation cohorts comprised 574 and 249 patients, respectively, with successful tube placement observed in 60.1 % and 76.3 % of patients, correspondingly. The predictors incorporated in the prediction maps encompass the "C-shape," the height of "inverse C-shape," showing the duodenojejunal flexure, and the location of the head end of the NET. The model demonstrated excellent predictive efficacy, achieving an AUC of 0.883 (95 % CI 0.855-0.911) and good calibration. Furthermore, when applied to the validation cohort, the nomogram exhibited strong discrimination with an AUC of 0.815 (95 % CI 0.750-0.880) and good calibration. Conclusion: The combination of abdominal radiography and NET's configuration within the gastrointestinal tract enables accurate determination of NET placement in critically ill patients.

PFN1 Knockdown Aggravates Mitophagy to Retard Lung Adenocarcinoma Initiation and M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are considered as crucial influencing factors of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) carcinogenesis and metastasis. Profilin 1 (PFN1) has been proposed as a potent driver of migration and drug resistance in LUAD. The focus of this work was to figure out the functional mechanism of PFN1 in macrophage polarization in LUAD. PFN1 expression and its significance in patients' survival were detected by ENCORI and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RT-qPCR and western blotting examined PFN1 expression in LUAD cells. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay detected cell proliferation. Flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis. Relevant assay kit tested caspase3 concentration. Western blotting analyzed the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining measured M1 and M2 macrophages markers. Mitophagy was assessed by MitoTracker Red staining, immunofluorescence staining, and western blotting. PFN1 expression was increased in LUAD tissues and cells and correlated with the poor survival rate of LUAD patients. Deficiency of PFN1 hindered the proliferation, whereas facilitated the apoptosis of LUAD cells. Additionally, PFN1 interference impaired M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, PFN1 knockdown exacerbated the mitophagy in LUAD cells and mitophagy inhibitor mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) notably reversed the effects of PFN1 down-regulation on the proliferation, apoptosis as well as macrophage polarization in LUAD cells. To sum up, activation of mitophagy initiated by PFN1 depletion might obstruct the occurrence and M2 macrophage polarization in LUAD.

Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and factors of heat vulnerability in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from 2001 to 2022.

To explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of heat vulnerability in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration during heatwave disasters, this research employs the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) to calculate the heat vulnerability assessment results for nine cities in the region spanning from 2001 to 2022. Through the application of kernel density estimation, Moran's I, and the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model, which is proven to be superior to traditional model such as OLS, this study analyzes the dynamic distribution patterns of heat vulnerability in the study area and dissect the trends of influencing factors. The results reveal that from 2001 to 2022, the overall heat vulnerability index in the study area demonstrates a fluctuating downward trend. Key contributors to heat vulnerability include high-frequency and long-duration heatwaves, population sensitivity, and changes in residents' consumption levels. Throughout this period of development, the disparity in heat vulnerability among cities has gradually widened, indicating an overall pattern of uneven development in the region. Future attention should be focused on formulating heat adaptation strategies in areas with high vulnerability to enhance the overall sustainability of the study area.

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with the successful prediction of initial blind placement of a nasointestinal tube in the stomach based on X-ray imaging: a retrospective, single-center study.

BACKGROUND: Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are highly susceptible to malnutrition, and while enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube is the preferred method, there is a risk of inadvertent reflux and aspiration. Therefore, clinicians have turned to nasointestinal tubes (NET) for enteral nutrition as an alternative option. But the precise localization of NET presents an ongoing challenge. We proposed an innovative approach to provide a valuable reference for clinicians involved in NET placement. METHOD: Data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records of adult patients with a high risk of aspiration or gastric feeding intolerance who had a NET placed in the ICU of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between October 1, 2017, and October 1, 2023. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS and R software. RESULT: There were 494 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The first-pass success rate was 81.4% (n = 402). The success of a patient's initial NET placement was found to be associated with Angle SPC and Distance CP, as determined by univariate analysis (25.6 ± 16.7° vs. 41.9 ± 18.0°, P < 0.001; 40.0 ± 26.2 mm vs. 62.0 ± 31.8 mm, P < 0.001, respectively). By conducting a multivariate regression analysis, we identified a significant association between pyloric types and the success rate of placing NET (OR 29.559, 95%CI 14.084-62.038, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Angle SPC, Distance CP, and the type of pylorus are independently associated with successful initial placement of NET. Besides, patients with the outside type of pylorus (OP-type) exhibit a higher rate of initial placement success.

Apple MdZAT5 mediates root development under drought stress.

Root plays an important role in plant drought tolerance, especially in horticultural crops like apples. However, the crucial regulator and molecular mechanism in root development of apple trees under drought are not well unknown. Cys2/His2-type Zinc-finger proteins are essential for plant response to drought, while the members of C2H2 Zinc-finger proteins in apple are largely unknown. In this study, we identified the members of the C1-2i subclass family of C2H2 Zinc-finger proteins in apple (Malus × domestica). Among them, MdZAT5 is significantly induced in apple roots under drought conditions and positively regulates apple root development under drought. Further investigation revealed that MdZAT5 positively regulates root development and root hydraulic conductivity by mediating the transcription level of MdMYB88 under drought stress. Taken together, our results demonstrate the importance of MdZAT5 in root development under drought in apple trees. This finding provides a new candidate direction for apple breeding for drought resistance.

A Sandwich Structural Filter Paper-AgNWs/MXene Composite for Superior Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

A thin, lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper composite is an urgent need for modern military confrontations. Herein, a sandwich-structured EMI shielding paper composite with an easy pavement consisting of a filter paper layer, middle AgNWs/MXene layer, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer was constructed by vacuum-assisted filtration, spraying and air-drying. The middle AgNWs/MXene compound endowed the filter paper with excellent electrical conductivity (166 S cm-1) and the fabricated filter paper-AgNWs/MXene-PVB composite exhibits superior EMI shielding (30 dB) with a 141 µm thickness. Remarkably, the specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of the filter paper-AgNWs/MXene-PVB composite reached 13,000 dB cm2 g-1 within the X-band frequency range. This value represents one of the highest reported for cellulose-based EMI shielding materials. Therefore, our sandwich-structured filter paper composite with superior EMI shielding performance can be used in the medical and military fields.

ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 negatively regulate the sugar metabolism of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.

Hexokinase (HXK) plays a crucial role in plants, catalyzing the phosphorylation of hexose substances, which is one of the key steps in sugar metabolism and energy production. While HXK genes have been well-studied in model plants, the evolutionary and functional characteristics of HXK gene family in jujube is unknow. In this study, the HXK gene family members were identified by bioinformatics methods, the key members regulating glucose metabolism were identified by transcriptome data, and finally the function of the key genes was verified by instantaneous and stable genetic transformation. Our results showed that seven HXK genes were identified in the jujube genome, all of which were predict located in the chloroplast and contain Hexokinase-1 (PF00349) and Hexokinase-2 (PF03727) conserved domains. Most of HXK proteins were transmembrane protein with stable, lipid-soluble, hydrophilic. The secondary structure of ZjHXK proteins main α-helix, and contains two distinct tertiary structure. All ZjHXK genes contain nine exons and eight introns. Predictions of cis-regulatory elements indicate that the promoter region of ZjHXK contains a large number of MeJA responsive elements. Finally, combined with the analysis of the relationship between the expression and glucose metabolism, found that ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 may the key genes regulating sugar metabolism. Transient overexpression of ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 on jujube, or allogeneic overexpression of ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 on tomato would significantly reduce the content of total sugar and various sugar components. Transient silencing of ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 genes results in a significant increase in sucrose and total sugar content. Interestingly, the expression of ZjHXK5 and ZjHXK6 were also affected by methyl jasmonate.

Research on the evolution characteristics, driving mechanisms and multi-scenario simulation of habitat quality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay based on multi-model coupling.

Since the 20th century, the global urbanization has led to a series of pollution issues, posing a severe threat to the habitat quality of human habitat. The quality of habitat determines whether ecosystems can provide suitable living conditions for humans and other species. Therefore, systematic study of the habitat quality is essential for the maintenance of sustainable development. In this study, we coupled models such as SD, InVEST and PLUS with a series of indicators to analyze the characteristics of land cover and habitat quality evolution in the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2000 to 2020 and deconstruct the driving mechanisms of habitat quality. Then simulate the evolution of land cover and habitat quality under different scenarios in 2030. The results show that: 1) Over the historical research period, the GBA exhibited "rapid expansion of artificial surfaces and rapid shrinkage of ecological land". Artificial surfaces increased by approximately 4878.95km2,while ecological land, such as agricultural land, decreased by about 3095.93km2.2) The degradation of habitat quality gradually accelerated and the habitat quality was characterized by "stepwise decline from the periphery to the interior", which was directly related to the land cover changes brought about by the topographic gradient effect in the Bay Area.3) Pollution control driven by environmental investments has had a moderating effect on habitat degradation, but it has not been able to change the overall degradation trend. 4) Scenario analysis suggests that future habitat quality in the GBA will degrade to a certain extent due to the impact of artificial surface expansion. We deduce that this will affect the structure of the city's ecological network as well as the conservation function of the ecological zones. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the historical and future trends of habitat quality in the GBA, offering new insights into the intrinsic driving mechanisms of habitat quality. It also provides a theoretical support for relevant authorities to undertake sustainable development initiatives.

Proximity hybridization induced molecular machine for signal-on electrochemical detection of α-synuclein oligomers.

α-synuclein oligomer is a marker of Parkinson's disease. The traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for α-synuclein oligomer detection is not conducive to large-scale application due to its time-consuming, high cost and poor stability. Recently, DNA-based biosensors have been increasingly used in the detection of disease markers due to their high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost. In this study, based on the DNAzyme-driven DNA bipedal walking method, we developed a signal-on electrochemical sensor for the detection of α-syn oligomers. Bipedal DNA walkers have a larger walking area and faster walking kinetics, providing higher amplification efficiency compared to conventional DNA walkers. The DNA walker is driven via an Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme, and the binding-induced DNA walker will continuously clamp the MB, resulting in the proliferation of Fc confined near the GE surface. The linear range and limit of detection were 1 fg/mL to 10 pg/mL and 0.57 fg/mL, respectively. The proposed signal-on electrochemical sensing strategy is more selective. It will play a significant role in the sensitive and precise electrochemical analysis of other proteins.

MoNP-doped Defective Carbon Fibers with Bark-like Nanosurface as Effective Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zn-air Batteries.

The flexible air electrode with high oxygen electrocatalytic performance and outstanding stability under various deformations plays a vital role in high-performance flexible Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, a self-supported Mo, N, and P co-doped carbon cloth (CC) denoted as MoNP@CC with bark-like surface structure is fabricated by a facile two-step approach via a one-pot method and pyrolysis. The surface of the electrode shows a nanoscale "rift valley" and uniformly distributed active sites. Taking advantage of the nano-surface as well as transition metal and heteroatom doping, the self-supported electrocatalysis air electrode exhibits considerable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in terms of low overpotential (388 mV at 10 mA cm-2) for OER and a much positive potential (0.74 V) at 1.0 mA cm-2 for ORR. Furthermore, MoNP@CC is further used for the flexible ZAB to demonstrate its practical application. The MoNP@CC-based ZAB displays a good cycling performance for 2800 min and an open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V. This work provides a new approach to the construction of a high-performance, self-supported electrocatalysis electrode used for a flexible energy storage device.

Study on the mechanism of sodium ion inhibiting citric acid fermentation in Aspergillus niger.

Excessive sodium significantly inhibits citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger during the recycling of citric acid wastewater. This study aimed to elucidate the inhibition mechanism at the interface of physiology and transcriptomics. The results showed that excessive sodium caused a 22.3 % increase in oxalic acid secretion and a 147.6 % increase in H+-ATPase activity at the 4 h fermentation compared to the control. Meanwhile, a 13.1 % reduction in energy charge level and a 15.2 % decline in NADH content were found, which implied the effects on carbon metabolism and redox balance. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that excessive sodium altered the gene expression profiles related to ATPase, hydrolase, and oxidoreductase, as well as pathways like glyoxylate metabolism, and transmembrane transport. These findings gained insights into the metabolic regulation of A. niger response to environmental stress and provided theoretical guidance for the construction of sodium-tolerant A. niger for industrial application.

A Strong, Tough and Fire-Retardant Biomimetic Multifunctional Wooden Laminate.

Mildly delignified wood showed a well-preserved wood cell wall framework, and its derived compressed materials demonstrate excellent mechanical properties and advanced functional material potential. Here, we proposed a simple yet effective approach for making strong, tough, and fire-retardant wooden laminate by a three-step process of mild delignification, infiltrating potassium nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonate (PFBS), and hot-pressing to densify the material. PFBS can be infiltrated into the micro/nano-structures of the mildly delignified wood to achieve a good flame-resistant protective barrier. Flame retardant tests showed that this strong, tough, and fire-retardant wooden laminate has a superior flame-retardant performance to natural wood. Additionally, the wooden laminate also exhibits a simultaneously enhanced tensile strength (175.6 MPa vs. 89.9 MPa for natural wood) and toughness (22.9 MJ m-3vs. 10.9 MJ m-3 for natural wood). Given these attributes, the resulting wooden laminates are identified as promising candidates for high-performance structural applications, fulfilling stringent requirements for both mechanical resilience and flame-retardant efficacy.

Effect of Multiple Structural Parameters on the Performance of a Micromixer with Baffles, Obstacles, and Gaps.

As an essential component of chip laboratories and microfluidic systems, micromixers are widely used in fields such as chemical and biological analysis. In this work, a square cavity micromixer with multiple structural parameters (baffles, obstacles, and gaps) has been proposed to further improve the mixing performance of micromixers. This study examines the comprehensive effects of various structural parameters on mixing performance. The impact of baffle length, obstacle length-to-width ratio, gap width, and obstacle shape on the mixing index and pressure drop were numerically studied at different Reynolds numbers (Re). The results show that the mixing index increases with baffle length and obstacle length-to-width ratio and decreases with gap width at Re = 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 40, and 60. The mixing index can reach more than 0.98 in the range of Re ≥ 20 when the baffle length is 150 µm, the obstacle length-to-width ratio is 600/100, and the gap width is 200 µm. The pressure drop of the microchannel is proportional to baffle length and obstacle length-to-width ratio. Combining baffles and obstacles can further improve the mixing performance of square cavity micromixers. A longer baffle length, larger obstacle length-to-width ratio, narrower gap width, and a more symmetrical structure are conducive to improving the mixing index. However, the impact of pressure drop must also be considered comprehensively. The research results provide references and new ideas for passive micromixer structural design.

Urban-rural difference in the lagged effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on COPD mortality in Chongqing, China.

BACKGROUND: It is true that Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will increase social burden, especially in developing countries. Urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on COPD mortality remain unclear, in Chongqing, China. METHODS: In this study, a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNMs) was established to describe the urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5, PM10 and COPD mortality in Chongqing, using 312,917 deaths between 2015 and 2020. RESULTS: According to the DLNMs results, COPD mortality in Chongqing increases with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the relative risk (RR) of the overall 7-day cumulative effect is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. High values of RR in urban areas occurred at the beginning of exposure (Lag 0 ~ Lag 1). High values of RR in rural areas occur mainly during Lag 1 to Lag 2 and Lag 6 to Lag 7. CONCLUSION: Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 is associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in Chongqing, China. COPD mortality in urban areas has a high risk of increase in the initial phase of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure. There is a stronger lagging effect at high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in rural areas, which may further exacerbate inequalities in levels of health and urbanization.

Metabolome and transcriptome profiling revealed the enhanced synthesis of volatile esters in Korla pear.

BACKGROUND: Flavor contributes to the sensory quality of fruits, including taste and aroma aspects. The quality of foods is related to their flavor-associated compounds. Pear fruits have a fruity sense of smell, and esters are the main contributor of the aroma. Korla pear are well known due to its unique aroma, but the mechanism and genes related to volatile synthesis have not been fully investigated. RESULTS: Flavor-associated compounds, including 18 primary metabolites and 144 volatiles, were characterized in maturity fruits of ten pear cultivars from five species, respectively. Based on the varied metabolites profiles, the cultivars could be grouped into species, respectively, by using orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Simultaneously, 14 volatiles were selected as biomarkers to discriminate Korla pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis) from others. Correlation network analysis further revealed the biosynthetic pathways of the compounds in pear cultivars. Furthermore, the volatile profile in Korla pear throughout fruit development was investigated. Aldehydes were the most abundant volatiles, while numerous esters consistently accumulated especially at the maturity stages. Combined with transcriptomic and metabolic analysis, Ps5LOXL, PsADHL, and PsAATL were screened out as the key genes in ester synthesis. CONCLUSION: Pear species can be distinguished by their metabolic profiles. The most diversified volatiles as well as esters was found in Korla pear, in which the enhancement of lipoxygenase pathway may lead to the high level of volatile esters at maturity stages. The study will benefit the fully usage of pear germplasm resources to serve fruit flavor breeding goals.

Spatial association between green space and COPD mortality: a township-level ecological study in Chongqing, China.

BACKGROUND: There are regional differences in the effect of green space on mortality of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conduct an ecological study, using the administrative divisions of Chongqing townships in China as the basic unit, to investigate the association between COPD mortality and green space based on data of 313,013 COPD deaths in Chongqing from 2012 to 2020. Green space is defined by Fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which is further calculated based on the normalised vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite remote sensing imagery maps. METHODS: After processing the data, the non-linear relationship between green space and COPD mortality is revealed by generalised additive models; the spatial differences between green space and COPD mortality is described by geographically weighted regression models; and finally, the interpretive power and interaction of each factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is examined by a geographic probe. RESULTS: The results show that the FVC local regression coefficients ranged from - 0.0397 to 0.0478, 63.0% of the regions in Chongqing have a positive correlation between green space and COPD mortality while 37.0% of the regions mainly in the northeast and west have a negative correlation. The interpretive power of the FVC factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is 0.08. CONCLUSIONS: Green space may be a potential risk factor for increased COPD mortality in some regions of Chongqing. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between COPD mortality and green space in Chongqing at the township scale, providing a basis for public health policy formulation in Chongqing.

The Effect of Nitridation on Sputtering AlN on Composited Patterned Sapphire Substrate.

Here, we report on the epitaxial growth of GaN on patterned SiO2-covered cone-shaped patterned sapphire surfaces (PSS). Physical vapor deposition (PVD) AlN films were used as buffers deposited on the SiO2-PSS substrates. The gallium nitride (GaN) growth on these substrates at different alternating radio frequency (RF) power and nitridation times was monitored with sequences of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging results. The SEM and AFM show the detail of the crystalline process from different angles. Our findings show that the growth mode varies according to the deposition condition of the AlN films. We demonstrate a particular case where a low critical alternating current (AC) power is just able to break SiO2 covalent bonds, enabling the growth of GaN on the sides of the patterns. Furthermore, we show that by using the appropriate nitridation condition, the photoluminescence (PL) integral and peak intensities of the blue light epi-layer were enhanced by more than 5% and 15%, respectively. It means the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of epitaxial structures is promoted. The screw dislocation density was reduced by 65% according to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra.

The Effect of Polyepoxyphenylsilsesquioxane and Diethyl Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate on the Thermal Stability of Epoxy Resin.

Polyepoxyphenylsilsesquioxane (PEPSQ) and diethyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylphosphonate (DBAMP) can improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). In this paper, the results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 tests exhibited that PEPSQ and DBAMP had good synergistic flame retardancy. The non-isothermal degradation kinetics of EP containing PEPSQ and DBAMP was investigated by the Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. The results of the Kissinger method displayed that the addition of two flame retardants, PEPSQ and DBAMP, can slightly enhance the activation energy of EP, indicating that the additives delayed the thermal degradation of EP. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method further confirmed that the activation energy of EP during the whole thermal degradation process can be significantly increased by addition of the two flame retardants PEPSQ and DBAMP. When the degree of conversion exceeded 80%, the increase was more significant. This illustrated that the flame retardants finally achieved the purpose of improving the flame retardancy of EP by stabilizing the char layer.

FeCo/N-co-doped 3D carbon nanofibers as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries.

Flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are expected to become a promising candidate in energy storage equipment for wearable electronic devices. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have impeded the development of ZABs. Herein, an FeCo- and N-codoped bifunctional electrocatalyst (FeCoNCF) is fabricated by simple one-pot and pyrolysis strategies. Concretely, the bacterial cellulose (BC) and Prussian blue analogue (PBA) derived transition metal and nitrogen doped carbon (M-N-C) composites provide ORR and OER active sites. FeCoNCF exhibits outstanding ORR and OER activities. It displays a favorable high half-wave potential (0.81 V) and a low overpotential at 10 mA cm-2 (341 mV), which are on a par with commercial Pt/C and RuO2, and shows outstanding stability. The sandwich-type flexible zinc-air battery containing FeCoNCF shows a favorable power density (49.29 mW cm-2) and superior cycling stability.

Micro- and nano-fibrils of manau rattan and solvent-exchange-induced high-haze transparent holocellulose nanofibril film.

Holocellulose nanofibrils (HCNFs) are nanoscale objects extracted from biomass resources and have attracted attention as sustainable building blocks for nanomaterials. In this study, we report a top-down approach for extracting HCNFs from manau rattan that involves pulping, bleaching and TEMPO oxidation. The extracted HCNFs showed a uniform width of around 18.5 nm and a length of a few micrometers, high crystallinity (66.5 %), and good thermal stability (302 °C). The extracted HCNFs were used to fabricate HCNF film via vacuum filtration and drying (air drying and solvent exchange drying). Surprisingly, the HCNF film fabricated by solvent exchange drying (HCNF-filmSD) simultaneously presented a high total transmittance (93.7 %) and high haze (62.2 %), and its total transmittance was even higher than that of glass. The resulting HCNF-filmSD displayed a high tensile strength (84.8 MPa), Young's modulus (3.7 GPa), and toughness (1.4 MJ m-3), making it a high-performance and eco-friendly film for applications in precision optoelectronics and aerospace materials.