Reducing carbon emissions in prefabricated buildings supply chains: a focus on component manufacturing processes.

The construction sector accounts for 23% of CO 2 emissions from global economic activity, with China responsible for nearly 41%. Although China has vigorously promoted the development of prefabricated buildings (PBS) in pursuit of cleaner production, the carbon emissions from prefabricated component factories (PCF) should not be underestimated. So, the focus of this research was on how to promote the decarbonization of PCF. Based on the carbon trading market mechanism, the carbon emissions trading tax and revenue tax collection, the authors established a differential game model consisting of the local government and the PCF, studied the equilibrium solutions under different decision models, and analyzed the roles of the two tax systems, carbon trading revenue, and market preferences. The results are as follows: (1) The PCF's low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation efforts can be directly affected by the carbon price, component price, and tax rate and indirectly affected by influencing the local government's efforts. Besides, the local government and the PCF strategies can be changed through the central government's regulation of carbon prices and tax rates. (2) PCF should set reasonable prices for components, improving economic efficiency and the LCT stocks. (3) Cost-sharing contracts can encourage PCF to increase their LCT innovation, which is conducive to increasing the optimal benefits of the PCF. (4) The local government cannot be motivated by cost-sharing contracts. They can increase their optimal benefits only if the cost-sharing coefficient is below a threshold or if the environmental benefits from low-carbon production are above a specific value.

Burden evaluation and prediction of osteoarthritis and site-specific osteoarthritis coupled with attributable risk factors in China from 1990 to 2030.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate and predict the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) and site-specific OA (hip, knee, hand, and others) from 1990 to 2030 and their attributable risk factors in China. METHOD: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019. The burden was estimated by analyzing the trends of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated to assess the impact of high body mass index (BMI). The prediction from 2020 to 2030 was implemented by Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. RESULTS: In China, prevalent cases, DALY, and incident cases of OA increased to 132.81 million, 4.72 million, and 10.68 million, respectively. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) of prevalence, DALYs, and incidence increased for OA and site-specific OA, especially for hip OA. Site-specific OA showed different susceptible peaking ages, and the burden for those over 50 years old became serious. Female preference existed in the trends for knee OA but not in those for hip, hand, and other OA. PARs of high BMI continued to increase, impacting knee OA more than hip OA and showing female preference. In the next decade, incident cases for OA and site-specific OA will continue to increase, despite that the ASR of OA incidence will decrease. CONCLUSIONS: OA and site-specific OA remain huge public health challenges in China. The burden of OA and site-specific OA is increasing, especially among people over 50 years old. Health education, exercise, and removing modifiable risk factors contribute to alleviate the growing burden. Key Points • In China, the burden of osteoarthritis and site-specific osteoarthritis (hip, knee, hand, and others) as well as the Risk Factor (high body mass index) increased greatly from 1990 to 2019. • It is estimated that incident cases for OA and site-specific OA will continue to increase, despite that the ASR of OA incidence will decrease.

A parathyroid hormone related supramolecular peptide for multi-functionalized osteoregeneration.

Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels are emerging biomaterials for tissue engineering, but it is difficult to fabricate multi-functional systems by simply mixing several short-motif-modified supramolecular peptides because relatively abundant motifs generally hinder nanofiber cross-linking or the formation of long nanofiber. Coupling bioactive factors to the assembling backbone is an ideal strategy to design multi-functional supramolecular peptides in spite of challenging synthesis and purification. Herein, a multi-functional supramolecular peptide, P1R16, is developed by coupling a bioactive factor, parathyroid hormone related peptide 1 (PTHrP-1), to the basic supramolecular peptide RADA16-Ⅰ via solid-phase synthesis. It is found that P1R16 self-assembles into long nanofibers and co-assembles with RADA16-Ⅰ to form nanofiber hydrogels, thus coupling PTHrP-1 to hydrogel matrix. P1R16 nanofiber retains osteoinductive activity in a dose-dependent manner, and P1R16/RADA16-Ⅰ nanofiber hydrogels promote osteogenesis, angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and induce multi-functionalized osteoregeneration by intramembranous ossification and bone remodeling in vivo when loaded to collagen (Col) scaffolds. Abundant red blood marrow formation, ideal osteointegration and adapted degradation are observed in the 50% P1R16/Col scaffold group. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy to develop multi-functional supramolecular peptides and a new method to topically administrate parathyroid hormone or parathyroid hormone related peptides for non-healing bone defects.

Transcriptome characteristics of epithelial cells from advanced non-small cell lung cancer were revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the prevalent malignancy worldwide. The aim is to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune infiltration and survival time of LUAD patients, and predict transcriptional factors for shedding new light on molecular mechanisms and individual therapy of LUAD. METHOD: ScRNA-seq data of LUAD patients was downloaded from GSE148071 and analyzed by R packages. The clustering and protein-protein interaction network were constructed for screening DEGs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and GO enrichment analysis were performed in epithelial cell subgroups with high differentiation potential. Potential regulatory transcription factors were predicted. RESULTS: Sixteen epithelial cell types were required and top 20 genes were identified on cell subgroup Epi4 with the highest differentiation potential associated with poor prognosis of LUAD in PPI network. GSEA and GO annotation results showed that cell subgroup Epi4 was enriched in the biological processes of cell proliferation and energy metabolism, and positively regulated the function of cell proliferation. TPI1 was significantly highly expressed in LUAD samples (p < .0001). TPI1 demonstrated a negative correlation with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and activated mast cells, whilst manifesting a positive correlation with the infiltration levels of resident mast cells, Th2 cells, and MDSC. Epi4 was regulated by transcription factors MXD3 and GATA4. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of TPI1 was identified as a novel biomarker for LUAD, and potential regulatory transcription factors MXD3 and GATA4 regulated the proliferation of LUAD with the poor prognosis, which may serve as potential targets to suppress the proliferation of LUAD.

Molecular mechanism of Achyranthis bidentatae radix and Morindae officinalis radix in osteoporosis therapy: An investigation based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Objective: To investigate the targets and mechanism of Achyranthis bidentatae radix and Morindae officinalis radix (ABR-MOR) for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) by utilizing network pharmacology, molecular docking technology (MDT) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Methods: The main drug active ingredients (DAIs) and target genes of ABR-MOR were screened by the TCMSP database. The relevant targets of OP were obtained from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and CTD databases. Venny mapping is used to determine the potential target of ABR-MOR in the treatment of OP. The potential targets were analyzed using a protein‒protein interaction network and the MCODE module, and were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The binding sites and conditions of potential key DAIs and core targets were verified through MDT and MDS. Result: The 32 DAIs and 212 targets of ABR-MOR were screened; 1453 OP-related targets were obtained, and 118 targets were mapped. The results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the targets of DAIs-OP were mainly enriched in biological processes such as response to hormones, peptides, oxygen levels and reactive oxygen species, and positive regulation of cell migration. The main signaling pathways enriched in the regulation of the immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and estrogen signaling pathway. Additionally, the targets were also enriched in bone metabolism-related cell differentiation biological processes and the osteoclast differentiation signaling pathway. MDT and MDS results showed that wogonin, beta-sitosterol, and americanin A, the core DAIs of ABR-MOR, were able to form good ligand‒protein complexes with key targets such as PTGS2, PTGS1, PRKACA, PGR, MAPK1, AKT1, and RELA. Conclusion: This study preliminarily investigated the key targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways involved in the combined application of ABR and MOR for the treatment of OP. The results revealed that ABR-MOR may play a therapeutic role mainly by regulating immune-inflammatory responses, cellular biological processes, and osteoblast differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further experimental validation and a new strategy for the treatment of OP.

Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced senescence in rat nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis.

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. Oxidative stress, which is highly associated with the progression of IDD, increases senescence of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and weakens the differentiation ability of NPMSCs in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs). Quercetin (Que) has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress in diverse degenerative diseases. AIM: To investigate the role of Que in oxidative stress-induced NPMSC damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: In vitro, NPMSCs were isolated from rat tails. Senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-Gal) staining, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses were used to evaluated the protective effects of Que. Meanwhile the relationship between miR-34a-5p and Sirtuins 1 (SIRT1) was evaluated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. To explore whether Que modulates tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 pathway, we used adenovirus vectors to overexpress and downregulate the expression of miR-34a-5p and used SIRT1 siRNA to knockdown SIRT1 expression. In vivo, a puncture-induced rat IDD model was constructed, and X rays and histological analysis were used to assess whether Que could alleviate IDD in vivo. RESULTS: We found that TBHP can cause NPMSCs senescence changes, such as reduced cell proliferation ability, increased SA-ß-Gal activity, cell cycle arrest, the accumulation of ROS, and increased expression of senescence-related proteins. While abovementioned senescence indicators were significantly alleviated by Que treatment. Que decreased the expression levels of senescence-related proteins (p16, p21, and p53) and senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), including IL-1ß, IL-6, and MMP-13, and it increased the expression of SIRT1. In addition, the protective effects of Que on cell senescence were partially reversed by miR-34a-5p overexpression and SIRT1 knockdown. In vivo, X-ray, and histological analyses indicated that Que alleviated IDD in a puncture-induced rat model. CONCLUSION: In summary, the present study provides evidence that Que reduces oxidative stress-induced senescence of NPMSCs via the miR-34a/SIRT1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Que may be a potential agent for the treatment of IDD.

A Novel PTH-Related Peptide Combined With 3D Printed Macroporous Titanium Alloy Scaffold Enhances Osteoporotic Osseointegration.

Previous parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptides (PTHrPs) cannot be used to prevent implant loosening in osteoporosis patients due to the catabolic effect of local sustained release. A novel PTHrP (PTHrP-2) that can be used locally to promote osseointegration of macroporous titanium alloy scaffold (mTAS) and counteract implant slippage in osteoporosis patients is designed. In vitro, PTHrP-2 enhances the proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within the mTAS. Further, it promotes proliferation, migration, angiogenesis-related protein expression, and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compared to PTH(1-34), PTHrP-2 can partially weaken the osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. Even in an oxidative stress microenvironment, PTHrP-2 safeguards the proliferation and migration of BMSCs and HUVECs, reduces reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial damage, and partially preserves the angiogenesis of HUVECs. In the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat osteoporosis model, the therapeutic benefits of PTHrP-2-releasing mTAS (mTASP2 ) and ordinary mTAS implanted for 12 weeks via micro-CT, sequential fluorescent labeling, and histology are compared. The results demonstrate that mTASP2 exhibits high bone growth rate, without osteophyte formation. Consequently, PTHrP-2 exhibits unique local synthesis properties and holds the potential for assisting the osseointegration of alloy implants in osteoporosis patients.

DeepEIT: Deep Image Prior Enabled Electrical Impedance Tomography.

Neural networks (NNs) have been widely applied in tomographic imaging through data-driven training and image processing. One of the main challenges in using NNs in real medical imaging is the requirement of massive amounts of training data - which are not always available in clinical practice. In this article, we demonstrate that, on the contrary, one can directly execute image reconstruction using NNs without training data. The key idea is to bring in the recently introduced deep image prior (DIP) and merge it with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) reconstruction. DIP provides a novel approach to the regularization of EIT reconstruction problems by compelling the recovered image to be synthesized from a given NN architecture. Then, by relying on the NN's built-in back-propagation and the finite element solver, the conductivity distribution is optimized. Quantitative results based on simulation and experimental data show that the proposed method is an effective unsupervised approach capable of outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives.

Safety and Efficacy of Local Steroid Application on Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of local steroid application (LSA) on dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Dysphagia is one of the most common adverse events in the early postoperative period of ACDF. LSA is reported as an effective method to reduce the swelling of soft tissues, thereby decreasing the incidence of dysphagia. However, the safety and efficacy of LSA on dysphagia after ACDF need to be systematically reviewed and analyzed. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was carried out in the database PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Clinical key, Cochrane library, and Wiley Online Library to screen papers that report LSA in ACDF surgery. The Cochrane Collaboration tool and a methodological index for nonrandomized studies were used for the assessment of study quality. Data were analyzed with the Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies were included. The results revealed no significant differences between the steroid group and the control group in ACDF regarding postoperative drainage, estimated blood loss, and neck disability index score ( P > 0.05). LSA significantly alleviates visual analog scale score for neck pain (or odynophagia) ( P < 0.05), reduces the length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference, -1.00 (-1.05 to -0.95); P < 0.001), and mitigates dysphagia rate and prevertebral soft-tissue swelling in the early postoperative period ( P < 0.05). There seemed to be no significant increase in the complication rate and steroid-related adverse events in the steroid group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LSA shows advantages in reducing the length of hospital stay, decreasing dysphagia rate, and mitigating prevertebral soft-tissue swelling in the early postoperative period of ACDF. Further large-scale studies are urgently required for the development of a standard protocol for LSA and further analysis of potential delay complications.

Impact of diurnal temperature range on other infectious diarrhea in Tongcheng, China, 2010-2019: a distributed lag non-linear analysis.

Our study aimed to quantify the exposure-lag-response effects of the diurnal temperature range (DTR) on other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Tongcheng city and examine the vulnerable populations. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) and generalized additive model (GAM) were applied jointly to quantify the association between DTR and the daily number of OID cases compared with the median DTR. Stratified analysis was performed by gender, age, and seasons of onset. There are a total of 8231 cases during this decade. We observed a j-shaped relationship between DTR and OID, with a peak point at the maximum DTR (RR: 2.651, 95% CI: 1.320-5.323) compared to the median DTR. As DTR increased from 8.2 to 10.9 °C, we found the RRs started to decrease and then rise from day 0, and the minimum value occurred on day 7 (RR:1.003, 95% CI: 0.996-1.010). From stratified analysis, we observed that females and adults are more likely to be affected by high DTR significantly. In addition, the influence of DTR was different in cold and warm seasons. High DTR in warm seasons affects the number of OID daily cases, but no statistical significance was identified in cold seasons. This study suggests a significant relationship between high DTR and the incidence risk of OID.

Exosome-Hydrogel System in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy.

Exosomes, as messengers of cell-to-cell communication, have many functional properties similar to those of their derived cells. Because they contain a large number of bioactive components that regulate recipient cell behavior, they are inanimate and do not require external maintenance or assistance. Various cell-derived exosomes are involved in many physiological processes of bone tissue repair. Hydrogels are widely used as scaffolding materials for bone tissue repair because their 3D network structure resembles the natural extracellular matrix. Moreover, their material properties and biological functions are adjustable. Exosomes can be delivered directly to the bone tissue damage site by hydrogel, and their duration of action in vivo can be prolonged by slow release. Therefore, the exosome-loaded hydrogel (Exo-Gel) system is a promising material for bone tissue engineering. In this study, the progress of the application of Exo-Gel in bone tissue repair and the improvement strategies, problems and research prospects of the current exosomes and hydrogels that have been applied to the Exo-Gel system for bone tissue repair are reviewed.

Influence of the facet joint angle on facet joint degeneration following pedicle screw fixation without fusion in thoracolumbar fractures.

BACKGROUND: Posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion is widely used in the treatment of neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of the facet joint (FJ) angle on FJ degeneration following posterior approach pedicle screw fixation without fusion in neurologically intact type A3 thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients who underwent pedicle screw fixation via the traditional posterior approach (n= 28) or the Wiltse approach (n= 30) were enrolled. A CT scan was performed before fixation and before fixation removal (Within 1.5 to 2 years after fixation) to evaluate the FJs parameters, including FJ inclination (FJI), FJ tropism (FJT), FJ violation, and FJ degeneration grade (FJDG), of three fixed segments and the adjacent segment below the fixed segments. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in FJ violation rate, FJDG deterioration, or FJ angle between the two groups (P> 0.05). FJDG deterioration showed a weak positive correlation with FJI and FJT before fixation, and the angular change in FJI (P< 0.05); and FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: The Wiltse approach did not increase the rate of FJDG deterioration and FJs angle changes. However, the FJT before fixation and the angular change in FJI were risk factors for FJDG deterioration.

Multi-Phase Environmental Impact Assessment of Marine Ecological Restoration Project Based on DPSIR-Cloud Model.

In order to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impact of ecological restoration projects (ERP) under the current destruction and restoration of coastal ecological areas, this paper takes into account the impact of positive and negative indicators on the environment; analyzes the positive and negative benefits of ERP; and establishes a comprehensive environmental impact index system for marine ERP from ecological, economic, and social perspectives through the DPSIR model. On this basis, the cloud model and Monte Carlo simulation are used to obtain the comprehensive assessment grade of the construction period, short-term operation, and long-term operation in the project life cycle. The results show that the benefits of ERP, considering the impact of negative factors, are significantly reduced, and the benefits of ERP will increase remarkably in the long-term operation period. In engineering practice, the environmental pressure factor caused by excessive human activities during construction and operation periods is a key negative factor affecting the overall benefits of ERP. For project decision makers and other stakeholders, the comprehensive assessment grade considering negative impacts is more practical. At the same time, decision makers should take active response measures in the framework of long-term sustainable development, set a tolerance threshold for negative pressure indicators, and strengthen the management of ERP.

Reactive Oxygen Species Contributes to Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathic Pain via the Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein-NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3- N -Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid Receptor 2B Pathway.

BACKGROUND: The number of patients with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) continues to increase, but available treatments are limited. This study aimed to examine the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)- N -methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NR2B) pathway on type 2 DNP. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks. Then, rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats with <85% of their basic levels in mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were classified as DNP rats on day 14 after STZ injection. DNP rats were treated with ROS scavenger N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN, 100 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or TXNIP small interfering ribonucleic acid (10 µg/d) once daily for 14 days. The level of ROS, protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), NR2B phosphorylation at Tyr1472 (p-NR2B), total NR2B (t-NR2B), and distribution of NLRP3 in the spinal cord were examined. In vitro experiments, BV2 cells and PC12 cells were individually cultured and cocultured in a high-glucose environment (35 mmol/L D-glucose). The level of ROS and protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, and IL-1ß in BV2 cells, and p-NR2B, t-NR2B in PC12 cells were detected. The level of ROS was detected by the flow cytometry approach. The protein levels were detected by the Western blot technique. The location of NLRP3 was observed by immunofluorescent staining. The interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 was detected by coimmunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS: The level of spinal ROS increased in DNP rats. The mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of DNP rats were alleviated after systemic administration of PBN. This administration decreased protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and p-NR2B and the coupling of TXNIP to NLRP3 in spinal cords of DNP rats. Furthermore, knockdown of spinal TXNIP alleviated nociceptive hypersensitivity and decreased protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1ß, and p-NR2B in DNP rats. The level of ROS and protein levels of NLRP3, TXNIP, caspase-1, IL-1ß, the coupling of TXNIP to NLRP3, and the IL-1ß secretion increased in BV2 cells, and the protein expression of p-NR2B increased in cocultured PC12 cells in a high-glucose environment. All of these in vitro effects were significantly blocked after treatment of PBN. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that spinal ROS can contribute to type 2 DNP through TXNIP-NLRP3-NR2B pathway.

Research on the Training and Management of Industrializing Workers in Prefabricated Building with Machine Vision and Human Behaviour Modelling Based on Industry 4.0 Era.

As countries around the world pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of the construction industry, the prefabricated building model has become the best construction type to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. However, the prefabricated building entails higher technical requirements, and the workers involved in the construction must be trained to reduce the risks. For China, where the demographic dividend is gradually disappearing, how to quickly promote the industrializing workers process has become an urgent issue. This research focuses on the training and management of industrializing workers in prefabricated building. First, the facial images of the participants were collected from the actual test data, and the changes of participants' facial expressions were analyzed through multitask convolutional neural network-Lighten Facial Expression Recognition (MTCNN-LFER). The results of the analysis were plugged into the facial expression recognition and evaluation model for industrializing workers training in this research to calculate the weights, and then all the weights were clustered through the improved SWEM-SAM method. The results show the following: (1) the values of objective data were used to judge the participating workers' mastery of each knowledge and to evaluate whether they are qualified. (2) The evaluation results were used to analyze the risk events that may be caused by participating workers.

Bisphosphates for Osteoporosis: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles.

Osteoporosis has become a major public health problem and bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis is a rapidly developing research field. Every year, plenty of studies devoted to the treatment of osteoporosis are published, giving clinicians a new perspective on bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis. However, the quality of the scientific papers in this area is unclear. The aim of the present study was to characterize the 100 top-cited articles regarding bisphosphates treatment for osteoporosis. This analysis provides an accessible list for practitioners of endocrinology, pharmacy, epidemiology, imaging, surgery, and scientific research to identify the most frequently cited literature and better understand the future direction.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19 Researches.

COVID-19, which occurred at the end of December 2019, has evolved into a global public health threat and affects every aspect of human life. COVID-19's high infectivity and mortality prompted governments and the scientific community to respond quickly to the pandemic outbreak. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of great significance in overcoming the epidemic situation. Since the discovery of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bibliometric analysis has been widely used in many aspects of the COVID-19 epidemic. Although there are many reported studies about PPE and COVID-19, there is no study on the bibliometric analysis of these studies. The citation can be used as an indicator of the scientific influence of an article in its field. The aim of this study was to track the research trends and latest hotspots of COVID-19 in PPE by means of bibliometrics and visualization maps.

1,25(OH)2D3 Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage to Nucleus Pulposus-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through PI3K/Akt Pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the main causes of low back pain. The local environment of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) increases oxidative stress and apoptosis of endogenous nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs) and weakens its ability of endogenous repair ability in degenerated IVDs. A suitable concentration of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been certified to reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of 1,25(OH)2D3 against oxidative stress-induced damage to NPMSCs. The present results showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a significant protective effect on NPMSCs at a concentration of 10-10 M for 24 h. Protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were also exhibited against H2O2-induced NPMSC senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection assay, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence, western blot, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay showed that pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 could alleviate H2O2-induced NPMSC apoptosis, including the apoptosis rate and the expression of proapoptotic-related (Caspase-3 and Bax) and antiapoptotic-related (Bcl-2) proteins. The intracellular expression of p-Akt increased after pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. However, these protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly decreased after the PI3K/Akt pathway was inhibited by the LY294002 treatment. In vivo, X-ray, MRI, and histological analyses showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment relieved the degree of IVDD in Sprague-Dawley rat disc puncture models. In summary, 1,25(OH)2D3 efficiently attenuated oxidative stress-induced NPMSC apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via PI3K/Akt pathway and is a promising candidate treatment for the repair of IVDD.

Study of Occupational Safety Risks in Prefabricated Building Hoisting Construction Based on HFACS-PH and SEM.

As the concern for environmental pollution and occupational safety caused by the construction industry is gradually increasing worldwide, the prefabricated building model has become a type of construction promoted by sustainable societies. In China, the management codes of prefabricated buildings are not mature enough and safety accidents occur frequently during the construction process. Therefore, how to analyze and determine the main factors that affect the safety of the construction of prefabricated buildings has become a problem to protect the lives and health of construction workers. In this study, we focused our research on the accident-prone component-hoisting construction phase. First, through the questionnaire and accident data, the traditional human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) was improved into the HFACS-prefabricated building hoisting (PH) risk model. This study also established a comprehensive safety prevention and control system for the component-hoisting process of prefabricated buildings by combining the factor analysis of using structural equation modeling (SEM). The prevention and control measures to avoid the occurrence of prefabricated building component-hoisting accidents were also proposed from four aspects: external environment, organizational factors, prerequisites for triggering accidents, and unsafe leadership behaviors. The results showed the following: (1) For the external environment, occupational safety and health system standards should be established and safety supervision responsibilities should be implemented. (2) For organizational factors, safety management systems should be improved with more capital investment. (3) For unsafe leadership behaviors, safety education and training should be strengthened to ensure workers' optimal physical and psychological states. (4) For the prerequisite of accidents, it is necessary to create a good hoisting work environment.

Outcomes of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes, and perioperative complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for adult spinal deformity (ASD). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of related studies reporting outcomes of OLIF for ASD. The clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The radiographic parameters were evaluated by sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL), Cobb angle and fusion rate. A random effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to investigate the results. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies involving 519 patients were included in the present study. The mean difference of VAS-back score, VAS-leg score and ODI score before and after surgery was 5.1, 5.0 and 32.3 respectively. The mean correction of LL was 20.6°, with an average of 6.9° per level and the mean correction of Cobb was 16.4°, with an average of 4.7° per level. The mean correction of SVA, PT, SS, TK and PI-LL was 59.3 mm, 11.7°, 6.9°, 9.4° and 20.6° respectively. The mean fusion rate was 94.1%. The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was 4.9% and 29.6% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: OLIF is an effective and safe surgery method in the treatment of mild or moderate ASD and it has advantages in less intraoperative blood loss and lower perioperative complications.