Effect of dental chew on reducing dental plaque, dental calculus and halitosis in beagle dogs.

Periodontosis is the most common clinical disease in adult dogs, which is mainly caused by plaque accumulation and seriously endangers the oral health of dogs and even cause kidney, myocardial, and liver problems in severe cases. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of dental chew (Cature Brushing Treats product) with mechanical and chemical properties in beagles. The dogs in the experimental group were fed with a dental chew twice a day after meals; The control group had no treatment. Dental plaque was evaluated on the 14th day and 29th day, respectively. The concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the breath and dental calculus were also evaluated on the 29th day. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the indexes of dental plaque on the 14th day. While they had significantly reduced accumulation of plaque (37.63%), calculus (37.61%), and VSC concentration (81.08%) compared to when receiving no chew on the 29th day.

Exploring the Effects of Nano-CaCO3 on the Core-Shell Structure and Properties of HDPE/POE/Nano-CaCO3 Ternary Nanocomposites.

To address the dilemma of the stiffness and toughness properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites, titanate coupling agent-treated CaCO3 nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) and ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) were utilized to blend with HDPE to prepare ternary nanocomposites via a two-sequence-step process. Meanwhile, a one-step process was also studied as a control. The obtained ternary nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Advanced Rheometrics Expansion System (ARES), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WXRD), and mechanical test. The SEM results showed one or two CaCO3 nanoparticles were well-encapsulated by POE and were uniformly dispersed into the HDPE matrix to form a core-shell structure of 100-200 nm in size by the two-step process, while CaCO3 nanoparticles were aggregated in the HDPE matrix by the one-step method. The result of the XRD showed that the nano-CaCO3 particle played a role in promoting crystallization in HDPE nanocomposites. Mechanical tests showed that the synergistic effect of both the POE elastomer and CaCO3 nanoparticles should account for the balanced performance of the ternary composites. In comparison with neat HDPE, the notched impact toughness of the ternary nanocomposites of HDPE/POE/nano-CaCO3 was significantly increased. In addition, the core-shell structure absorbed the fracture impact energy and prevent further propagation of micro-cracks, thus obtaining a higher notched Izod impact strength.

Clinical research progress of ridaforolimus (AP23573, MK8668) over the past decade: a systemic review.

Rapamycin, an established mTOR inhibitor in clinical practice, is widely recognized for its therapeutic efficacy. Ridaforolimus, a non-prodrug rapalog, offers improved aqueous solubility, stability, and affinity compared to rapamycin. In recent years, there has been a surge in clinical trials involving ridaforolimus. We searched PubMed for ridaforolimus over the past decade and selected clinical trials of ridaforolimus to make a summary of the research progress of ridaforolimus in clinical trials. The majority of these trials explored the application of ridaforolimus in treating various tumors, including endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and other solid tumors. These trials employed diverse drug combinations, incorporating agents such as ponatinib, bicalutamide, dalotuzumab, MK-2206, MK-0752, and taxanes. The outcomes of these trials unveiled the diverse potential applications of ridaforolimus in disease treatment. Our review encompassed analyses of signaling pathways, ridaforolimus as a single therapeutic agent, its compatibility in combination with other drugs, and an assessment of adverse events (AEs). We conclude by recommending further research to advance our understanding of ridaforolimus's clinical applications.

HOXD3 promotes the migration and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma via modifying hepatocellular carcinoma cells exosome-delivered CCR6 and regulating chromatin conformation of CCL20.

Angiogenesis plays an essential role in the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HOXD3 is involved in the metastasis and invasion of HCC cells; Whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms in the microenvironment of HCC remain unknown. Wound healing, transwell invasion, tube formation and spheroid sprouting assays were carried out to identify the effects of HCC-HOXD3-exosomes and genes on the migration of HCC cells. ChIP-PCR was applied to test the binding region of HOXD3 on CCR6, Med15, and CREBBP promoter. Exosome isolation and mRNA-seq were applied to examine the morphological characteristics of exosomes and the contained mRNA in exosomes. Co-IP and Immunofluorescence assays were used to demonstrate the role of CREBBP in the chromatin conformation of CCL20. The nude mice were used to identify the function of genes in regulating migration of HCC in vivo. In this study, integrated cellular and bioinformatic analyses revealed that HOXD3 targeted the promoter region of CCR6 and induced its transcription. CCR6 was delivered by exosomes to endothelial cells and promoted tumour migration. Overexpression of CCR6 promoted metastasis, invasion in HCCs and angiogenesis in endothelial cells (ECs), whereas its downregulation suppressed these functions. The role of HOXD3 in the metastasis and invasion of HCC cells was reversed after the suppression of CCR6. Furthermore, CCL20 was demonstrated as the ligand of CCR6, and its high expression was found in HCC tissues and cells, which was clinically associated with the poor prognosis of HCC. Mechanistically, HOXD3 targets the promoter regions of CREBBP and Med15, which affect CCL20 chromatin conformation by regulating histone acetylation and expression of Pol II to enhance the migration of HCCs. This study demonstrated the function of the HOXD3-CREBBP/Med15-CCL20-CCR6 axis in regulating invasion and migration in HCC, thus providing new therapeutic targets for HCC.

Tumour microenvironment-responded Fe-doped carbon dots-sensitized cubic Cu2O for Z-scheme heterojunction-enhanced sono-chemodynamic synergistic tumor therapy.

The efficacy of electron-hole separation in a single sonosensitizer and the complexities of the tumor microenvironment (TME) present significant challenges to the effectiveness of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Designing efficient sonosensitizers to enhance electron-hole separation and alleviate TME resistance is crucial yet challenging. Herein, we introduce a novel Z-scheme heterojunctions (HJs) sonosensitizer using Fe-doped carbon dots (CDs) as auxiliary semiconductors to sensitize cubic Cu2O (Fe-CDs@Cu2O) for the first time. Fe-CDs@Cu2O demonstrated enhanced SDT effects due to improved electron-hole separation. Additionally, the introduction of Fe ions in CDs synergistically enhances Fenton-like reactions with Cu ions in Cu2O, resulting in enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effects. Moreover, Fe-CDs@Cu2O exhibited rapid glutathione (GSH) depletion, effectively mitigating TME resistance. With high rates of 1O2 and OH generated by Fe-CDs@Cu2O, coupled with strong GSH depletion, single drug injection and ultrasound (US) irradiation effectively eliminate tumors. This innovative heterojunction sonosensitizer offers a promising pathway for clinical anti-tumor treatment.

Role of HOXA1-4 in the development of genetic and malignant diseases.

The HOXA genes, belonging to the HOX family, encompass 11 members (HOXA1-11) and exert critical functions in early embryonic development, as well as various adult processes. Furthermore, dysregulation of HOXA genes is implicated in genetic diseases, heart disease, and various cancers. In this comprehensive overview, we primarily focused on the HOXA1-4 genes and their associated functions and diseases. Emphasis was placed on elucidating the impact of abnormal expression of these genes and highlighting their significance in maintaining optimal health and their involvement in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Furthermore, we delved into their regulatory mechanisms, functional roles, and underlying biology and explored the therapeutic potential of targeting HOXA1-4 genes for the treatment of malignancies. Additionally, we explored the utility of HOXA1-4 genes as biomarkers for monitoring cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Thymoma with immunodeficiency, combined diffuse panbronchiolitis, and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults- case report and systematic review.

Thymoma with Immunodeficiency (Good's Syndrome, GS) is a rare association between thymoma and immunodeficiency, first described over 60 years ago. Patients with GS typically present with thymomas, reduced or absent B cells in the peripheral blood, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defects in cell-mediated immunity. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with GS following the development of a progressive, severe, refractory pulmonary infection and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB). She also had diabetes, characterized by anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity, leading to a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). A thorough review of existing literature revealed that GS is often confirmed after multiple episodes of opportunistic infections or autoimmune diseases post-thymoma surgery. Due to their immunodeficiency, GS patients frequently suffer from recurrent infections over extended periods, and some succumb to severe infections. Regular immunoglobulin infusions may be effective in treating GS.

Nomogram for predicting bleeding events in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban: A retrospective study.

Background and Aims: To construct a bleeding events prediction model of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients receiving rivaroxaban. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in patients with NVAF who received rivaroxaban from June 2017 to March 2019. Demographic information and clinical characteristics were obtained from the electronic medical system. Univariate analysis was used to find the primary predictive factors of bleeding events in patients receiving rivaroxaban. Multiple analysis was conducted to screen the primary independent predictive factors selected from the univariate analysis. Finally, the independent influencing factors were applied to build a prediction model by using R software; then, a nomogram was established according to the selected variables visually, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model was evaluated. Results: Twelve primary predictive factors were selected by univariate analysis from 46 variables, and multivariate analysis showed that older age, higher prothrombin time (PT) values, history of heart failure and stroke were independent risk factors of bleeding events. The area under curve (AUC) for this novel nomogram model was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.763-0.894). The mean AUC over 10-fold stratified cross-validation was 0.787, and subgroup analysis validation also showed a satisfied AUC. In addition, the decision curve analysis showed that the PT in combination with CHA2DS2-VASc and HASBLED was more practical and accurate for predicting bleeding events than using CHA2DS2-VASc and HASBLED alone. Conclusions: PT in combination with CHA2DS2-VASc and HASBLED could be considered as a more practical and accurate method for predicting bleeding events in patients taking rivaroxaban.

A pan-cancer analysis of the role of HOXD1, HOXD3, and HOXD4 and validation in renal cell carcinoma.

HOXD1, HOXD3, and HOXD4 are members of the HOXD genes family and are related to tumorigenesis of the tumor. However, whether HOXDs (1, 3, 4) have a crucial role across pan-cancer is still unknown. HOXD1, HOXD3, and HOXD4 expressions were analyzed using public databases in 33 types of tumors. The UCSC Xena website was carried out to investigate the relationship between the expression of genes and the progress of cancers. The biological functions of HOXD3 were tested by colony forming, transwell, wound healing, and xenograft assay in vitro and in vivo. GSEA was used to identify the associated cancer hallmarks with HOXDs expression. Immune cell infiltration analysis was applied to verify the immune cell infiltrations related to genes. The results showed HOXD1, HOXD3, and HOXD4 co-low expressed in BRCA, COAD, KICH, KIRC, KIRP, READ, and TGCT. In the KIRC, all of HOXDs expression was connected with tumor stage and histological grade. Upregulation of HOXDs was associated with improved OS, DSS, and PFI. Down-expression of HOXD3 induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vivo and in vitro. In addition, HOXDs were connected with immune-activated hallmarks and cancer immune cell infiltrations. These findings demonstrated that HOXDs may be indicative biomarkers for the prognosis and immunotherapy in pan-cancer.

Genomic Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Brucella sp. Strain WY7 Isolated from Antarctic Krill.

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species of the Antarctic ecosystem whose unique ecological status and great development potential have attracted extensive attention. However, the genomic characteristics and potential biological functions of the symbiotic microorganisms of Antarctic krill remain unknown. In this study, we cultured and identified a strain of Brucella sp. WY7 from Antarctic krill using whole-genome sequencing and assembly, functional annotation, and comparative genomics analysis. First, based on 16S rDNA sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis, we identified strain WY7 as Brucella. The assembled genome of strain WY7 revealed that it has two chromosomes and a plasmid, with a total genome length of 4,698,850 bp and an average G + C content of 57.18%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value and average nucleotide identity value of strain WY7 and Brucella anthropi ATCC® 49188TM, a type strain isolated from human clinical specimens, were 94.8% and 99.07%, respectively, indicating that strain WY7 is closely related to Brucella anthropi. Genomic island prediction showed that the strain has 60 genomic islands, which may produce HigB and VapC toxins. AntiSMASH analysis results showed that strain WY7 might produce many secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, siderophores and ectoine. Moreover, the genome contains genes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds, suggesting that strain WY7 can use aromatic compounds in its metabolism. Our work will help to understand the genomic characteristics and metabolic potential of bacterial strains isolated from Antarctic krill, thereby revealing their roles in Antarctic krill and marine ecosystems.

Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate acute lung injury in two different acute lung injury mice models.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common clinical emergencies with limited effective pharmaceutical treatment in the clinic, especially when it progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit specific superiority for ALI/ARDS treatment. However, stem cells from different sources may result in controversial effects on similar disease conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) on two different ALI mice model. The administered hAMSCs effectively accumulated in the lung tissues in all hAMSC-treated groups. Compared with the model and 1% human serum albumin (HSA) groups, high-dose hAMSCs (1.0 × 106 cells) group significantly alleviated alveolar-capillary permeability, oxidative stress, inflammatory factors level and histopathological damage. In addition, the NF-κB signaling pathway is one of the key pathways activated during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury. Our results indicated that hAMSCs (1.0 × 106 cells) obviously inhibited the expression of p-IKKα/ß, p-IκBα, and p-p65 in the lung tissue (p < 0.05). The high-dose (HD) hAMSC treatment exerted beneficial therapeutic effects on ALI mice models without detectable adverse reactions. The therapeutic effect of hAMSCs might involve NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition. hAMSC treatment is a potential candidate therapy for ALI.

miR-145a-5p/Plexin-A2 promotes the migration of OECs and transplantation of miR-145a-5p engineered OECs enhances the functional recovery in rats with SCI.

BACKGROUND: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) serve as a bridge by migrating at the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) to facilitate the repair of the neural structure and neural function. However, OEC migration at the injury site not only faces the complex and disordered internal environment but also is closely associated with the migration ability of OECs. METHODS: We extracted OECs from the olfactory bulb of SD rats aged <7 days old. We verified the micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-145a-5p expression level in the gene chip after SCI and OEC transplantation using quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The possible target gene Plexin-A2 of miR-145a-5p was screened using bioinformatics and was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, and qRT-PCR. The effect of miR-145a-5p/plexin-A2 on OEC migration ability was verified by wound healing assay, Transwell cell migration assay, and immunohistochemistry. Nerve repair was observed at the injured site of the spinal cord after OEC transplantation using tissue immunofluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale were further used for imaging and functional evaluation. RESULTS: miR-145a-5p expression in the injured spinal cord tissue after SCI considerably decreased, while Plexin-A2 expression significantly increased. OEC transplantation can reverse miR-145a-5p and Plexin-A2 expression after SCI. miR-145a-5p overexpression enhanced the intrinsic migration ability of OECs. As a target gene of miR-145a-5p, Plexin-A2 hinders OEC migration. OEC transplantation overexpressing miR-145a-5p after SCI can increase miR-145a-5p levels in the spinal cord, reduce Plexin-A2 expression in the OECs and the spinal cord tissue, and promote OEC migration and distribution at the injured site. OEC transplantation overexpressing miR-145a-5p can promote the repair of neural morphology and neural function. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that miR-145a-5p could promote OEC migration by down-regulating the target gene Plexin-A2, and transplantation of miR-145a-5p engineered OECs was beneficial to enhance neural structural and functional recovery in SCI rats.

Efficacy and Safety of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Compared with Uterine Artery Embolization in Cesarean Section Pregnancy: A Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) compared with uterine artery embolization (UAE) in cesarean section pregnancy (CSP) and to calculate the success rate of HIFU. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase on September 30, 2022, and the related studies were independently reviewed by 2 researchers. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Medical subject headings and relevant terms from other articles were used for the database search. Patients with CSP who underwent HIFU were included in this analysis. The following results were recorded: success rate, intraoperative blood loss, time for serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) normalization and menstruation recovery, adverse events, hospitalization time, and hospitalization expenses. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scoring system and the methodological index for nonrandomized studies system to evaluate the quality of the studies. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Data from 6 studies were used to compare the efficacy and safety of UAE and HIFU. We pooled the success rate of HIFU by including 10 studies. No data overlap between the 10 studies. Success rate was higher in the HIFU group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-3.41; p = .03; I2 = 0). We performed the meta-analysis of single rate in R 4.2.0 software, and the success rate of HIFU group was 0.94 (95% CI 0.92-0.96; p = .04; I2 = 48%). Intraoperative blood loss (mean difference [MD]= -21.94 mL; 95% CI -67.34 to 23.47; p = .34; I2 = 99%) and time for serum beta-HCG normalization (MD = 3.13 days; 95% CI 0.02-6.25; p = .05; I2 = 70%) were not significantly different. Time to menstruation recovery (MD = 2.72 days; 95% CI 1.32-4.12; p = .0001; I2 = 0) in the UAE group was shorter than that in the HIFU group. Adverse events were not significantly different between the 2 groups (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.22-1.29; p = .16; I2 = 81%). Hospitalization time was not significantly different between the HIFU and UAE groups (MD = -0.41 days; 95% CI -1.14 to 0.31; p = .26; I2 = 55%). Hospitalization expenses of the HIFU group were lower than those of the UAE group (MD = -7488.49 yuan; 95% CI -8460.13 to -6516.84; p <.000; I2 = 0). Heterogeneity of the time for beta-HCG normalization, adverse events, and hospitalization time were improved after excluding one study, and HIFU showed better results in the sensitivity analysis of adverse events and hospitalization time. CONCLUSION: According to our analysis, HIFU demonstrated satisfactory treatment success, accompanied by similar intraoperative blood loss, slower normalization of beta-HCG levels, and menstruation recovery, but potentially shorter hospitalization time, lower adverse events and lower costs than UAE. Therefore, HIFU is an effective, safe, and economical treatment for patients with CSP. These conclusions should be interpreted with caution because of the significant heterogeneity. However, large and strictly designed clinical trials are required to verify these conclusions.

Corrigendum: Nocardiosis: A two-center analysis of clinical characteristics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.996442.].

Trend and Co-occurrence Network of COVID-19 Symptoms From Large-Scale Social Media Data: Infoveillance Study.

BACKGROUND: For an emergent pandemic, such as COVID-19, the statistics of symptoms based on hospital data may be biased or delayed due to the high proportion of asymptomatic or mild-symptom infections that are not recorded in hospitals. Meanwhile, the difficulty in accessing large-scale clinical data also limits many researchers from conducting timely research. OBJECTIVE: Given the wide coverage and promptness of social media, this study aimed to present an efficient workflow to track and visualize the dynamic characteristics and co-occurrence of symptoms for the COVID-19 pandemic from large-scale and long-term social media data. METHODS: This retrospective study included 471,553,966 COVID-19-related tweets from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022. We curated a hierarchical symptom lexicon for social media containing 10 affected organs/systems, 257 symptoms, and 1808 synonyms. The dynamic characteristics of COVID-19 symptoms over time were analyzed from the perspectives of weekly new cases, overall distribution, and temporal prevalence of reported symptoms. The symptom evolutions between virus strains (Delta and Omicron) were investigated by comparing the symptom prevalence during their dominant periods. A co-occurrence symptom network was developed and visualized to investigate inner relationships among symptoms and affected body systems. RESULTS: This study identified 201 COVID-19 symptoms and grouped them into 10 affected body systems. There was a significant correlation between the weekly quantity of self-reported symptoms and new COVID-19 infections (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.8528; P<.001). We also observed a 1-week leading trend (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.8802; P<.001) between them. The frequency of symptoms showed dynamic changes as the pandemic progressed, from typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage to more musculoskeletal and nervous symptoms in the later stages. We identified the difference in symptoms between the Delta and Omicron periods. There were fewer severe symptoms (coma and dyspnea), more flu-like symptoms (throat pain and nasal congestion), and fewer typical COVID symptoms (anosmia and taste altered) in the Omicron period than in the Delta period (all P<.001). Network analysis revealed co-occurrences among symptoms and systems corresponding to specific disease progressions, including palpitations (cardiovascular) and dyspnea (respiratory), and alopecia (musculoskeletal) and impotence (reproductive). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified more and milder COVID-19 symptoms than clinical research and characterized the dynamic symptom evolution based on 400 million tweets over 27 months. The symptom network revealed potential comorbidity risk and prognostic disease progression. These findings demonstrate that the cooperation of social media and a well-designed workflow can depict a holistic picture of pandemic symptoms to complement clinical studies.

Correlation between Mean Platelet Volume and Gensini Score in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease in Different Diabetic States.

SUBJECT: To investigate the correlation between mean platelet volume (MPV) levels and Gensini scores in stable coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with or without diabetes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2525 patients with stable CHD in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. There were 1274 in the low MPV group and 1251 in the high MPV group, divided by a median MPV level of 10.9 fL. In the total population, 1605 patients were non-diabetic and 920 were diabetic. The severity of coronary artery disease was quantified using the Gensini score. RESULTS: The Gensini score was significantly higher in the high MPV group than in the low MPV group (p < 0.001). MPV levels increased significantly with the number of stenotic (>50%) coronary vessels (p < 0.001). The Spearman analysis showed a positive correlation between MPV and Gensini score (r = 0.189, p < 0.001), which was more significant in the diabetic subgroup (r = 0.232, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess the predictive value of MPV for high Gensini scores, using the median value of 32 points as the cutoff. MPV levels in the diabetes cohort exhibited a higher predictive value for high Gensini scores (area under the curve: 0.635 [0.614-0.657], p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that diabetes and MPV were independently associated with Gensini scores. CONCLUSION: MPV levels in stable CHD patients can predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. This correlation is more significant in the presence of diabetes.

Nocardiosis: A two-center analysis of clinical characteristics.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of nocardiosis. Materials and methods: We described and analyzed the clinical characteristics of nocardiosis cases from two centers over the past 5 years from the following aspects: age and sex, Nocardia species, sites of Nocardia infection, test specimens, detection methods, concurrent pathogens, symptoms, imaging features, co-conditions, drug susceptibility tests, antibiotic therapy/duration, outcomes, and follow-up. Results: The median age of the 19 cases was 64 years, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 56-68 years. Eight cases (42.1%) were immunocompromised [those who had been on corticosteroid use (62.5%), those who had used immunosuppressants (50.0%), or those who had suffered from chronic nephrosis (37.5%) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (25.0%)]. The plethora of comorbidities of these cases included diabetes (10.5%), chronic kidney disease (CDK) (15.8%), chronic lung disease (36.8%), and rheumatic diseases (10.5%). Cough and expectoration (73.7%) was the most common symptom of nocardiosis. The respiratory tract (89.5%) was the most common site of the clinical disease. Nearly half (9 cases, 47.3%) of these patients had concurrent infections. The most common Nocardia isolation site was the respiratory tract (73.7%). All patients were given antibiotic therapies, out of whom as many as 63.6% of patients were treated with two concurrent antimicrobial agents, 15.8% of patients were treated under monotherapy and 21.1% of patients were treated with three or more concurrent antimicrobial agents. Conclusions: An uncommon life-threatening infection, nocardiosis, affects those patients with structural lung disease or immunosuppression. Although nocardiosis is capable of progressing into a serious and metastatic disease, early recognition and prompt treatment usually result in successful outcomes benefitting the patient.