[Consumption status and growth trends of dairy products among children and adolescents in China from 1991 to 2018].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dairy consumption among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China. METHODS: 10 rounds of follow-up data from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" from 1991 to 2018 were collected, and individuals aged 7-17 were selected as the study subjects. Dietary data was collected by using 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and household weighing accounting method(edible oils and seasonings). Dairy consumption was calculated by converting various dairy products into liquid milk intake using the China Food Composition. After excluding those with missing demographic information, missing data from the "3 days and 24 hours" dietary survey, and abnormal daily energy intake, 18 529 participants were included in the final analysis. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of changes in dairy intake. RESULTS: The dairy consumption rate increased from 2.8% in 1991 to 42.3% in 2018, while it increased from 8.4% to 58.8% in urban and from 0.9% to 32.1% in rural areas. Meanwhile, the proportion of people whose dairy intake reaches the recommended intake(300 g/d) increased from 0.2% to 3.0%, and the proportion in rural area was 2.0%, which was lower than that in urban areas(4.9%). From 1991 to 2018, dairy intake increased at a rate of 12.97%(P=0.02), and the growth rate of urban and rural areas were 9.79%(P=0.03) and 15.67%(P<0.01), respectively. There was a faster growth trend from 1991-2004 compared to 2004-2018. The growth rate in urban and rural areas also showed different growth trends. CONCLUSION: The dairy intake of children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China improved significantly from 1991 to 2018, with higher consumption rate in urban areas than in rural areas, but it still need to be improved for health.

[Change of dietary pattern among young people aged 18-35 in China from 1989 to 2018].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary patterns changes of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) from 1989 to 2018. METHODS: Using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, a total of 25 400 young people aged 18-35 with complete dietary and sociodemographic information from 1989 to 2018 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) were selected as the research objects. Nutrition survey was carried out by using 3 consecutive days of 24-hour review method combined with weighing accounting method. Energy and nutrient intake was calculated based on food composition list. The principal component cluster analysis was used to select food groups and K-mean cluster was uesd to extract dietary patterns. Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner was used to test the difference of food intake in different dietary patterns. Cochran-Armitage trend test was to analyze the change of dietary patterns with the years. Chi-square test was to analyze the difference of people with different dietary patterns in 2018. RESULTS: The dietary patterns of young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) were mainly divided into three categories: "traditional rice", "traditional pasta" and "high-quality protein". In 2018, the proportion of "traditional rice" dietary patterns was higher for men than for women, and the proportion of "high-quality protein" dietary patterns was lower than for women. The proportion of "traditional pasta" dietary pattern in people aged 25-35 was higher than that aged 18-24, and the proportion of "high-quality protein" dietary pattern was lower than that aged 18-24. The proportion of people in urban with "traditional rice" dietary pattern was lower than that in rural areas, and the proportion of "high-quality protein" dietary pattern was higher than that in rural areas. The northern region was dominated by "traditional pasta" dietary pattern, while the southern region was dominated by "traditional rice" dietary pattern, and the proportion of people with "high-quality protein" dietary pattern was higher in the northern region than in the southern region. With the increase of education level and income level, the proportion of people with "high-quality protein" dietary pattern showed an increasing trend. From 1989 to 2018, the "traditional rice" dietary pattern had always maintained a high proportion among young people aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the "traditional pasta" dietary pattern had been decreasing since 2009, and the "high-quality protein" dietary pattern had significantly increased since 2011. CONCLUSION: From 1989 to 2018, the proportion of young people aged 18-35 with reasonable dietary pattern has increased in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities), but the traditional dietary pattern still needs to be improved.

[Analysis of differentiated regional dietary patterns of adults aged 18-64 years in 15 provinces( autonomous regions, municipalities) in 2018].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary patterns of Chinese adults in 15 provinces and cities in China. METHODS: A total of 9208 adults aged 18-64 from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" in 2018 were selected as subjects. Food consumption data were collected through 3 d-24 h dietary recalls and weighing household cooking oil and condiments, and the average daily dietary nutrient intake was calculated by the food composition table. Clustering analysis was used to analyze dietary patterns in different regions, and data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey were used for comparison. RESULTS: Three dietary patterns were obtained in this study, including northern pattern, coastal pattern and southern pattern. The analysis of demographic characteristics showed that the intake of cereals, vegetables and livestock were statistically different among different age groups, and livestock and poultry intake was higher in the 18-49 years; Fruit and milk were higher in women and other foods were higher in men; The intakes of cereals, tubers, legumes and vegetables were higher in rural areas, people with low income and low education levels, and other foods were higher in urban areas, people with high income and high education levels, especially milk. Compared with the dietary guidelines, it was found that the proportion of insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits and nuts in three patterns and milk, eggs in the southern pattern and aquatic products in the northern pattern was up to 80%, the other food intake was in 50%-80%; The proportion of excessive intake of livestock and poultry meat in the southern mode was significantly higher, reaching 78%. Nutrient analysis showed that the intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber and carbohydrate energy ratio, vitamin E, magnesium and manganese were higher in the northern pattern; The intakes of protein, protein energy ratio, riboflavin, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, copper and selenium were higher in the coastal pattern; The southernpattern had a higher intake of energy, fat, fat energy ratio, niacin, retinol, zinc and vitamin C. In addition, the comparison between 2009 and 2018 showed that the intake of most foods except milk has decreased to varying degrees in the past decade, while the intake of some foods has increased. CONCLUSION: The 15 provinces in China were divided into three dietary patterns. Unbalanced intake of food and nutrients was common among them, and the intake was influenced by different demographic characteristics. In addition, most food intake has declined over the past decade.

[Situation and trends in dietary minerals intakes of adults aged 18-35 years in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China in 1989-2018].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and long term trends in minerals intakes from 1989 to 2018 in adults aged 18 to 35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China. METHODS: Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2018. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. According to the dietary survey result of 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and weighing accounting method, the mineral intake was calculated and analyzed. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary minerals intake with years. Comparing the dietary minerals intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary minerals intake was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2018, the minerals intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary minerals intake were analyzed. RESULTS: In 2018, the median intakes of dietary minerals of adults were 302.96 mg/d of calcium, 887.91 mg/d of phosphorus, 1451.69 mg/d of potassium, 3760.09 mg/d of sodium, 238.50 mg/d of magnesium, 19.40 mg/d of iron, 9.91 mg/d of zinc, 43.54 µg/d of selenium, 1.41 mg/d of copper and 4.59 mg/d of manganese, respectively, with significant gender differences(P<0.05). The intakes of dietary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z values were 3.00, 2.04 and 3.10, respectively, P<0.05). The dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, selenium and copper showed significant differences among regions, education levels and income levels. From 1989 to 2018, the dietary mineral intake of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) of China showed a downward trend, only selenium intake showed an upward trend, and the intake of men was higher than that of women. The proportion of people at risk of inadequate intake of dietary phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper showed an increasing trend year by year. In each survey year, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient calcium intake was more than 90%. CONCLUSION: From 1989 to 2018, there was a risk of insufficient intake of minerals in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of inadequate calcium intake was serious.

Association of egg intake with risks of cardiometabolic factors among adults in China.

Objective: To explore the association between egg intake and cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) in Chinese adults. Method: The subjects were 6,182 adults aged 18-64 who had complete survey data and had no CMFs at baseline. Egg intake was assessed with 3 days-24 h dietary recalls in all waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between egg intake and CMFs. Results: Of the 6,182 participants who did not have metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline, 1,921 developed this disease during an average follow-up of 5.71 years, with an incidence of 31.07%. Central obesity, elevated TG, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure and elevated plasma glucose were 38.65, 26.74, 30.21, 40.64, and 30.64%, respectively. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle, energy and BMI, using the lowest quintile (Q1) as a reference, the risk of central obesity, elevated TG, decreased HDL-C, and elevated plasma glucose in the highest quintile (Q5) were reduced by 15% (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73-0.98, P = 0.16), 33% (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.57-0.78), 25% (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63 0.90, p = 0.05), and 28% (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.63-0.83, p < 0.05), respectively. The risk of elevated blood pressure was reduced by 26% in the fourth quintile (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.64-0.85, P = 0.85). RCS analysis show that the overall correlation and nonlinear relationship between egg intake and CMFs were statistically significant (P < 0.05). When the intake was lower than 20 g/days, the risk of MetS, central obesity, elevated blood pressure and elevated plasma glucose were negatively correlated with egg intake, while elevated TG was negatively correlated with eggs when the intake was lower than 60 g/days. There was no statistically significant association between egg intake and CMFs at higher egg intake. Conclusion: There was a U-shaped association between egg intake and CMFs in Chinese adults.

Relationship between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent, and the relationship between dietary magnesium and MetS remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its single component. The sample was adults aged 18 years and above who participated in at least two follow-up surveys in 2009, 2015 and 2018. Food consumption data were collected from three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its components. In our study, 6104 subjects were included, with a total follow-up of 37,173.36 person-years, and the incidence was 33.16%. Cox regression analysis showed that the multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for MetS comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.84 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.71-0.99). Central obesity, elevated TG, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose were reduced by 18%, 41%, 20% and 42%, respectively. The risk of decreased HDL-C was reduced by 23% in the third quintile of dietary magnesium intake, with a slightly increased risk in the highest group. RCS analysis showed that the overall and non-linear associations between dietary magnesium and MetS and its components were statistically significant, the risk of them decreased significantly when magnesium intake was lower than 280 mg/day, and then the curve leveled off or slightly increased.

Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China.

There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46−0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54−0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49−0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity.

Association of Serum Magnesium with Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes among Adults in China.

Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and a cofactor or activator for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including blood glucose control and insulin release. Diabetes is a well-known global burden of disease with increasing global prevalence. In China, the prevalence of diabetes in adults is higher than the global average. Evidence shows that magnesium is a predictor of insulin resistance and diabetes. However, the majority of studies focus on dietary magnesium instead of serum magnesium concentration. We study the correlation of serum magnesium levels with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In this prospective cohort study, we included 5044 participants aged 18 years and older without insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes at the baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A fasting blood sample was taken for the measurement of both types of magnesium, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. The homeostatic model (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Demographic characteristics of participants, and risk factors such as intensity of physical activities, smoking status, drinking habit, and anthropometric information were recorded. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or a self-reported diagnosis or treatment of diabetes. A total of 1331 incident insulin resistance events and 429 incident diabetic events were recorded during an average follow-up of 5.8 years. The serum magnesium concentration was categorized into quintiles. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the third quintile of serum magnesium (0.89−0.93 mmol/L) was correlated with 29% lower risk of incident insulin resistance (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58, 0.86) and with a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for insulin resistance were compared with the lowest quintile of serum magnesium (<0.85). We found similar results when evaluating serum magnesium as a continuous measure. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves showed a nonlinear dose−response correlation in both serum magnesium levels and insulin resistance, and in serum magnesium levels and Type 2 diabetes. Lower serum magnesium concentration was associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Interpretation of Healthy Diet Campaign in Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030.

With the continuous development of the economy and agricultural modernization in the past three decades, nutritional deficiency issues in the Chinese population have been gradually improving. However, new nutritional and health challenges have emerged. Overweight and obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases have increasingly become major disease burden. In view of the problems above, the State Council released the Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030 focusing on 15 special campaigns and the Healthy Diet Campaign (HDC) as the second campaign. This article intends to interpret HDC in details including the following four aspects: background, major indices, strategies, and features. Healthy diet is the foundation of human health, and the HDC needs to be carried out together with other campaigns to achieve the overall goal of Healthy China.

[Current status of nutrition work in Chinese disease control institutions].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the basic nutrition working status in Chinese CDCs. METHODS: The questionnaire of nutritional working ability of CDC was designed for investigation. The questionnaire was filled in by all disease control institutions of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). Data was inputted by each institution through a questionn aire-survey platform called 'wenjuanxing& apos; , and the quality control was carried out by the provincial CDCs according to their jurisdiction. RESULTS: A total of 3150 valid questionnaires were collected. 35.97% of the institutions surveyed had never undertaken nutrition-related work, and only 4.19% of them had set up an independent department for nutrition-related work. The average number of people engaged in nutrition work was 2.5(P50=1.0); The average number of full-time staff was 0.2(P50=0.0). The average number of full-time staff in provincial, municipal and county CDCs was 3.6, 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. In terms of the nutrition work, by 2020 the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance and the National Food Nutrition Surveillance have covered 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Besides Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian, provincial CDCs implemented the Nutrition Improvemeat Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Area. As to the scientific research, only 9.08% of the institutions have carried out nutrition-related projects in the past five years. Particularly, there were little nutrition-related scientific research funds for municipal and county disease control institutions, while 96.57% of the institutions do not have special funds for nutrition work. From 2015 to 2019, the proportion of the institutions that published nutrition-related papers, published nutrition-related books, won nutrition-related awards, and participated in the formulation of nutrition-related standards was 3.81%, 1.27%, 5.65% and 0.70%, respectively. With regard to the implementation of the six major actions of the National Nutrition Plan(2017-2030), only 29.81% of CDCs have organized and carried out related actions. CONCLUSION: Disease control institutions are short of nutrition professional posts, professional personnel, nutrition work funds and scientific research investment, lack of regular nutrition work tasks. Therefore, the nutrition capacity of the CDCs needs to be strengthened, and more efforts will be needed to meet the requirements of the National Nutrition Plan(2017-2030) and the Healthy China Action(2019-2030)-Healthy Diet Campaign.

[Status and trends in dietary vitamin intakes of adults aged 18 to 35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China during 1989-2015].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the status and long-term trends in dietary vitamin intakes from 1989 to 2015 in adults aged 18 to 35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China. METHODS: Based on the data of "China Health and Nutrition Surveys" from 1989 to 2015 and "cohort study on the changes of nutritional status of Chinese residents" in 2015, covering 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary vitamin intake with years. Comparing the dietary vitamin intake with the dietary reference intakes, the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary vitamin intake was analyzed by Cochran Armitage trend test. According to the different demographic characteristics in 2015, the vitamin intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary vitamin intake were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2015, the overall dietary vitamin intake of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) of China showed a downward trend. The median vitamin intake of adults in 2015 were vitamin A 361. 28 µg RAE/d(based on vitamin A activity equivalent), vitamin B_1 0. 75 mg/d, vitamin B_2 0. 67 mg/d, nicotinic acid 13. 61 mg/d, vitamin C 56. 41 mg/d and vitamin E 21. 04 mg α-TE/d. In 2015, there were significant differences in dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin C intakes between the North and the South and the distribution of education level, in which the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin C in the South were significantly higher than those in the North; the intakes of dietary vitamin B_1 in the low education level group were significantly lower than those in the middle and high education level; the intakes of dietary vitamin B_1 in urban areas were significantly higher than those in the North. The intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B_2, niacin and vitamin E were significantly higher than those in rural areas. From 1989 to 2015, the proportion of people with insufficient intake of vitamin B_2 remained above 80%, and the proportion of adults with the risk of insufficient intake of dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_1 and vitamin C showed an increasing trend year by year. In 2015, the proportion of people at risk of insufficient intake of dietary vitamin A, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C in northern China was significantly higher than that in southern China. CONCLUSION: From 1989 to 2015, there was a risk of insufficient intake of micronutrients in adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) in China, and the problem of insufficient calcium intake was serious.

[Trend of food intake from Chinese 15 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) adults aged 18 to 35 in 1989-2015].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of food intake from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomous regions, municipalities) adult aged 18 to 35. METHODS: Based on the data from 10 rounds follow-up survey conducted by China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1989 and 2015, adults aged 18 to 35 were selected according to the multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method. Dietary surveys were conducted using 24-hour dietary recall in three consecutive days, and weighing accounting method was used to investigate the consumption of condiments. Wilcoxon rank sum trend was used to test the variation trend of food intake, Cochran-Armitage trend test and Spearman rank test were used to analyze the trend of different type of food intake and the recommended intakes of dietary pagoda for Chinese residents(2016). RESULTS: The intake of fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts and sugar for adults aged 18-35 in China has been increasing. Cereals and potatoes, vegetables, edible oil, cooking salt, alcohols showed a downward trend. Compared with Chinese Dietary Guidelines(2016)-summary, the number of people whose milk and dairy products lower than EAR has always exceeded 99%. The number of people whose cereals, potatoes and vegetables lower than EAR has increased from 4. 1% and 42. 3% in 1989 to 19. 2% and 67. 0% in 2015, respectively. The proportion of people whose edible oil lower than EAR and whose cooking salt higher than EAR increased, whose livestock and poultry meat higher than EAR increased from 34. 10% in 1989 to 64. 49% in 2015. CONCLUSION: There is still a high proportion of Chinese adults aged 18 to 35 who consume overmuch fat but deficiency in dietary fiber. The proportion of whose consumed cereals, potatoes, vegetables and dairy products lower than EAR and exceed EAR of meat and cooking salt shows an increasing trend. The problem of unreasonable dietary structure is still serious.

[Cognition function and its influencing factors among people aged 55 and above in 4 provinces of China from 2018 to 2019].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation of cognition function of people aged 55 and above in 4 provinces of China, and to explore its influencing factors of demographic characteristics. METHODS: Using the baseline data of the "Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases", middle-aged and older populations aged ≥55 years with completed data on demographic and economic factors and the cognitive function scale were selected as study subjects. A total of 5103 subjects were included in the study(male 2294, female 2809, 55-64 years old 1875, 65-74 years old 2197, 75-94 years old 1031). Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was adopted, and survey subjects were selected from a total of 32 communities in Hebei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan provinces. The baseline data obtained from a face-to-face questionnaire survey was entered using electronic tablets on the spot. Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) and activities of daily living scale(ADL) were used to determine mild cognitive impairment(MCI) and its subtypes. Multiple linear regression and multiple Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in populations. RESULTS: Among middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations, the score of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains were 21. 79±6. 17, 11. 20±4. 18(memory), 8. 81±3. 31(execution), 5. 33±1. 76(visual-spatial ability), 4. 53±1. 40(language), 13. 32±3. 98(attention) and 5. 54±0. 95(orientation). The prevalence of MCI and its subtypes were 35. 86%, 4. 57%(amnestic MCI single domain, aMCI-SD), 3. 64%(nonamnestic MCI single domain, naMCI-SD), 6. 68%(amnestic MCI multiple domains, aMCI-MD) and 3. 94%(nonamnestic MCI multiple domains, naMCI-MD). Subjects aged ≥55 years, living in rural areas, or with per capita monthly household income less than 1000 yuan had lower score of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains(P<0. 05), and also had lower prevalence of MCI and its subtypes. The OR of MCI, naMCI-SD, aMCI-MD and naMCI-MD was 2. 38(95% CI 1. 98-2. 86), 1. 54(95% CI 1. 01-2. 34), 2. 30(95% CI 1. 65-3. 20) and 3. 11(95% CI 2. 07-4. 69) respectively in subjects aged ≥75 years versus those aged 55-64 years, and of MCI, naMCI-SD and aMCI-MD was 3. 02(95%CI 2. 48-3. 66), 4. 30(95%CI 2. 69-6. 88) and 2. 62(95%CI 1. 81-3. 79) respectively in those living in rural areas versus those living in city areas. Subjects with higher per capita monthly household income had lower ORs of MCI and its subtypes. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of MCI among people aged 55 and above in four provinces in China is at a relatively high level. In the studied 4 provinces of China, about 35% of Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations are affected by MCI. The status of overall cognitive function and its sub-domains of subjects aged 75 years and above, living rural areas and with lower per capita monthly household income are poor, and they may have a higher risk of MCI and its subtypes.