Armored bicistronic CAR T cells with dominant-negative TGF-ß receptor II to overcome resistance in glioblastoma.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown significant efficacy in hematological diseases. However, CAR T therapy has demonstrated limited efficacy in solid tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). One of the most important reasons is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which promotes tumor growth and suppresses immune cells used to eliminate tumor cells. The human transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) plays a crucial role in forming the suppressive GBM TME and driving the suppression of the anti-GBM response. To mitigate TGF-ß-mediated suppressive activity, we combined a dominant-negative TGF-ß receptor II (dnTGFßRII) with our previous bicistronic CART-EGFR-IL13Rα2 construct, currently being evaluated in a clinical trial, to generate CART-EGFR-IL13Rα2-dnTGFßRII, a tri-modular construct we are developing for clinical application. We hypothesized that this approach would more effectively subvert resistance mechanisms observed with GBM. Our data suggest that CART-EGFR-IL13Rα2-dnTGFßRII significantly augments T cell proliferation, enhances functional responses, and improves the fitness of bystander cells, particularly by decreasing the TGF-ß concentration in a TGF-ß-rich TME. In addition, in vivo studies validate the safety and efficacy of the dnTGFßRII cooperating with CARs in targeting and eradicating GBM in an NSG mouse model.

The mitotic rate as a prognostic biomarker after preoperative radiotherapy for high-grade limb/trunk soft tissue sarcoma.

PURPOSE: Currently there is no generally accepted standardized approach for the pathologic evaluation of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) histology appearance after preoperative radiotherapy (PORT). This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of pathological appearance after PORT for patients with high-grade limb/trunk STS. METHODS: A cohort of 116 patients with high-grade STS of the limb/trunk treated with PORT followed by resection were evaluated. Patient characteristics, imaging tumor morphology (size, volume), and histopathology (mitotic and necrosis rate, viable cell, hyalinization/fibrosis cytopathic effect) were reviewed and reassessed. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the hazard ratio was derived from Cox proportional hazard models. Two predictive nomograms were calculated based on significant predictors identified. RESULTS: The 5-year DFS and OS were 52.9% and 70.3%, respectively. Tumor size before (HR:1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.14) and after PORT (HR:1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.14), tumor volume (HR:1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.12), mitotic rate after PORT (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02-1.11), mitotic rate change after PORT (HR:1.04, 95%CI:1.00-1.09) were independent risk factors for DFS. Tumor size before (HR:1.08, 95%CI: 1.03-1.14) and after PORT (HR:1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15), tumor volume (HR:1.05, 95%CI: 1.01-1.09), mitotic rate after PORT (HR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.04-1.13), mitotic rate change after PORT (HR:1.05, 95%CI:1.01-1.09) were independent risk factors for OS. The C-index of pathologic predictive nomogram based on mitotic rate for DFS and OS were 0.67 and 0.73, respectively. The C-index of morphology-pathology predictive nomogram for OS was 0.79. CONCLUSION: Tumor size before and after PORT, tumor volume, mitotic rate after PORT, mitotic rate change after PORT were independent risk factors for DFS and OS in high-grade STS patients treated with PORT. The mitotic rate, independent of tumor morphology, showed its potential as a prognostic biomarker for pathologic evaluation in patients treated with PORT.

Performance Evaluation of Foamed Concrete with Lightweight Aggregate: Strength, Shrinkage, and Thermal Conductivity.

Lightweight concrete offers numerous advantages for modular construction, including easier construction planning and logistics, and the ability to offset additional dead loads induced by double-wall and double-slab features. In a previous study, authors proposed incorporating lightweight aggregate into foamed concrete instead of adding extra foam to achieve lower density, resulting in lightweight concrete with an excellent strength-to-density ratio. This paper further investigated the performance aspects of foamed concrete with lightweight aggregate beyond mechanical strength. To evaluate the effect of aggregate type and foam content, three mix compositions were designed for the lightweight concrete. Specimens were prepared for experimental tests on thermal conductivity and drying shrinkage of lightweight concrete. Results showed that while both the increase in foam volume and the incorporation of lightweight aggregate led to higher drying shrinkage, they also contributed to improved insulating properties and reduced potential of cracking. Using typical multi-storey modular residential buildings in Hong Kong and three other Chinese cities as case studies, simulations were performed to assess potential savings in annual cooling and heating loads by employing the proposed lightweight concrete. These findings demonstrate the practical benefits of using foamed concrete with lightweight aggregate in modular construction and provide valuable insights for further optimization and implementation.

Construction of an autophagy-related genes risk model as predicting prognosis: BAG1 suppresses growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is increasing annually. While the cure rate and prognosis of early ccRCC are promising, the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic ccRCC is below 12%. Autophagy disfunction is closely related to infection, cancer, neurodegeneration and aging. Nevertheless, there has been limited exploration of the association between autophagy and ccRCC through bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: A novel risk model of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC and guide the individualized treatment to some extent. Relevant data samples were obtained from the TCGA database, and ccRCC-related ARGs were identified by Pearson correlation analysis, leading to the establishment of a risk model covering 10 ccRCC-related ARGs. Many indicators were used to assess the accuracy of the risk model. RESULTS: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the risk model had high accuracy, indicating that the risk model could predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients. Moreover, the findings revealed significant differences about immune and metabolic features in low- and high-risk groups. The study also found that BAG1 within the risk model was closely related to the prognosis of ccRCC and an independent risk factor. In vitro and in vivo experiments validated for the first time that BAG1 could suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC. CONCLUSION: The construction of ARGs risk model, can well predict the prognosis of ccRCC patients, and provide guidance for individual therapy to patients. It was also found that BAG1 has significant prognostic value for ccRCC patients and acts as a tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC. These findings have crucial implications for the prognosis and treatment of ccRCC patients.

Selenomethionine supplementation mitigates fluoride-induced liver apoptosis and inflammatory reactions by blocking Parkin-mediated mitophagy in mice.

As an environmental pollutant, fluoride-induced liver damage is directly linked to mitochondrial alteration and oxidative stress. Selenium's antioxidant capacity has been shown to alleviate liver damage. Emerging research proves that E3 ubiquitin ligase Park2 (Parkin)-mediated mitophagy may be a therapeutic target for fluorosis. The current study explored the effect of diverse selenium sources on fluoride-caused liver injury and the role of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in this intervention process. Therefore, this study established a fluoride-different selenium sources co-intervention wild-type (WT) mouse model and a fluoride-optimum selenium sources co-intervention Parkin gene knockout (Parkin-/-) mouse model. Our results show that selenomethionine (SeMet) is the optimum selenium supplementation form for mice suffering from fluorosis when compared to sodium selenite and chitosan nano­selenium because mice from the F-SeMet group showed more closely normal growth and development levels of liver function, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory ability. Explicitly, SeMet ameliorated liver inflammation and cell apoptosis in fluoride-toxic mice, accomplished through downregulating the mRNA and protein expression levels associated with mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy, apoptosis, inflammatory signalling pathway of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), reducing the protein expression levels of PARKIN, PTEN-induced putative kinase1 (PINK1), SQSTM1/p62 (P62), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (CASPAS3), as well as restraining the content of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The Parkin-/- showed comparable positive effects to the SeMet in the liver of fluorosis mice. The structure of the mitochondria, mRNA, protein expression levels, and the content of proinflammatory factors in mice from the FParkin-/- and F + SeMetParkin-/- groups closely resembled those in the F + SeMetWT group. Overall, the above results indicated that SeMet could alleviate fluoride-triggered inflammation and apoptosis in mice liver via blocking Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

The impact of donor diabetes on recipient postoperative complications, renal function, and survival rate in deceased donor kidney transplantation: a single-center analysis.

As the global incidence of diabetes rises and diagnoses among younger patients increase, transplant centers worldwide are encountering more organ donors with diabetes. This study examined 80 donors and 160 recipients, including 30 donors with diabetes (DD) and their 60 recipients (DDR). The control group comprised 50 non-diabetic donors (ND) and 100 recipients (NDR). We analyzed clinical, biochemical, and pathological data for both diabetic and control groups, using logistic regression to identify risk factors for delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation. Results showed that pre-procurement blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in DD [18.20 ± 10.63 vs. 10.86 ± 6.92, p = 0.002] compared to ND. Renal pathological damage in DD was notably more severe, likely contributing to the higher DGF incidence in DDR compared to NDR. Although DDR had poorer renal function during the first three months post-transplant, both groups showed similar renal function thereafter. No significant differences were observed in 1-year or 3-year mortality rates or graft failure rates between DDR and NDR. Notably, according to the Renal Pathology Society (RPS) grading system, kidneys from diabetic donors with a grade > IIb are associated with significantly lower postoperative survival rates. Recipient gender [OR: 5.452 (1.330-22.353), p = 0.013] and pre-transplant PRA positivity [OR: 34.879 (7.698-158.030), p < 0.001] were identified as independent predictors of DGF in DDR. In conclusion, transplant centers may consider utilizing kidneys from diabetic donors, provided they are evaluated pathologically, without adversely impacting recipient survival and graft failure rates.

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of taste papilla aging.

Taste perception is one of the important senses in mammals. Taste dysfunction causes significant inconvenience in daily life, leading to subhealth and even life-threatening condition. Aging is a major cause to taste dysfunction, while the underlying feature related to gustatory aging is still not known. Using single-cell RNA Sequencing, differentially expressed genes between aged and young taste papillae are identified, including upregulated mt-Nd4l and Xist, as well as downregulated Hsp90ab1 and Tmem59. In the Tmem59-/- circumvallate papillae (CVP), taste mature cell generation is impaired by reduction in the numbers of PLCß2+ and Car4+ cells, as well as decreases in expression levels of taste transduction genes. Tmem59-/- mice showed deficits in sensitivities to tastants. Through screening by GenAge and DisGeNET databases, aging-dependent genes and oral disease-associated genes are identified in taste papillae. In the CVP, aging promotes intercellular communication reciprocally between (cycling) basal cell and mature taste cell by upregulated Crlf1/Lifr and Adam15/Itga5 signaling. By transcriptional network analysis, ribosome proteins, Anxa1, Prdx5, and Hmgb1/2 are identified as transcriptional hubs in the aged taste papillae. Chronological aging-associated transcriptional changes throughout taste cell maturation are revealed. Aged taste papillae contain more Muc5b+ cells that are not localized in gustatory gland. Collectively, this study shows molecular and cellular features associated with taste papilla aging.

Novel Two-Terminal Synapse/Neuron Based on an Antiferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide Device for Neuromorphic Computing.

Functionally diverse devices with artificial neuron and synapse properties are critical for neuromorphic systems. We present a two-terminal artificial leaky-integrate-fire (LIF) neuron based on 6 nm Hf0.1Zr0.9O2 (HZO) antiferroelectric (AFE) thin films and develop a synaptic device through work function (WF) engineering. LIF neuron characteristics, including integration, firing, and leakage, are achieved in W/HZO/W devices due to the accumulated polarization and spontaneous depolarization of AFE HZO films. By engineering the top electrode with asymmetric WFs, we found that Au/Ti/HZO/W devices exhibit synaptic weight plasticity, such as paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation/depression, achieving >90% accuracy in digit recognition within constructed artificial neural network systems. These findings suggest that AFE HZO capacitor-based neurons and WF-engineered artificial synapses hold promise for constructing efficient spiking neuron networks and artificial neural networks, thereby advancing neuromorphic computing applications based on emerging AFE HZO devices.

Molecular functions of HAX1 during disease progress.

HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX1) is a newly discovered multifunctional cell regulatory protein that is widely expressed in cells and has a close relationship with multiple cellular proteins. HAX1 plays important roles in various processes, including the regulation of apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential stability and calcium homeostasis, occurrence and development of diseases, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, and host immune response after viral infection. In this article, we have reviewed the research progress on the biological functions of HAX1, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for further exploration of its underlying mechanisms and targeted application.

In Situ Construction of Hollow Coral-Like Porous S-Doped g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 S-Scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The rational design of visible-light-responsive catalysts is crucial for converting solar energy into hydrogen energy to promote sustainable energy development. In this work, a C─S─C bond is introduced into g-C3N4 (CN) through S doping. With the help of the flexible C─S─C bond under specific stimuli, a hollow coral-like porous structure of S-doped g-C3N4 (S-CN) is synthesized for the first time. And an S-doped g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 (S-CN/ZIS) heterojunction catalyst is in situ synthesized based on S-CN. S0.5-CN/ZIS exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency (19.25 mmol g-1 h-1), which is 2.7 times higher than that of the g-C3N4/ZnIn2S4 (CN/ZIS) catalyst (8.46 mmol g-1 h-1), with a high surface quantum efficiency (AQE) of 34.43% at 420 nm. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the excellent photocatalytic performance is attributed to the larger specific surface area and porosity, enhanced interfacial electric field (IEF) effect, and appropriate hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*). The synergistic effect of S doping and S-scheme heterojunction contributes to the above advancement. This study provides new insights and theoretical basis for the design of CN-based photocatalysts.

Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Cyanurates RE5(C3N3O3)(OH)12 (RE = Gd-Lu): Cryogenic Magnetocaloric Candidate Gd5(C3N3O3)(OH)12.

Rare-earth (RE)-based frustrated magnets are fertile playgrounds for discovering exotic quantum phenomena and exploring adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration applications. Here, we report the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a family of rare-earth cyanurates RE5(C3N3O3)(OH)12 (RE = Gd-Lu) with an acentric space group P6̅2m. Magnetic susceptibility χ(T) and isothermal magnetization M(H) measurements manifest that RE5(C3N3O3)(OH)12 (RE = Gd, Dy-Yb) compounds exhibit no magnetic ordering down to 2 K, while Tb5(C3N3O3)(OH)12 shows long-range magnetic ordering around 3.6 K. Among them, magnetically frustrated spin-7/2 Gd5(C3N3O3)(OH)12 shows long-range magnetic ordering around 1.25 K and a large magnetocaloric effect with a maximum magnetic entropy change ΔSm of up to 58.1 J kg-1 K-1 at ΔH = 7 T at liquid-helium temperature regimes.

Structure Evolution of 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Unveiled by Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction.

We report 9 crystal structures of a two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF), including the parent Py-1P, 5 derivatives formed by chemical reactions, and 3 dynamic states by solvent exchange/loss. Structure details of these porous crystals, including stacking mode, interlayer distance, pore aperture, and incline angle, before, during, and after conversion processes in solution, were unveiled by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with resolutions up to 0.85 Å. The structure evolution is triggered by stepwise conformational transformation of the molecular building blocks in 2D COF, while their long-range ordering remained unsacrificed.

Annexin A2: A Double-Edged Sword in Pathogen Infection.

Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a multifunctional calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein that plays an important role in various cells. During pathogen infections, ANXA2 modulates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and cell apoptosis signaling pathways and guides the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells toward inflammation sites, thereby protecting the host organism through the modulation of the inflammatory response. In addition, ANXA2 can regulate immune responses, and in certain pathogen infections, it can interact with pathogen proteins to facilitate their invasion and proliferation. This review provides an overview of the research progress on how ANXA2 regulates pathogen infections.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation in the distal ulna where the lesion is continuous with the medullary cavity: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a rare benign bone tumor, it is also called "Nora's lesion". The lesion is characterized by heterotopic ossification of the normal bone cortex or parosteal bone. The etiology of BPOP is unclear and may be related to trauma. In most BPOPs, the lesion is not connected to the medullary cavity. Here we report an atypical case, characterized by reversed features compared to the typical BPOP, which demonstrated continuity of the lesion with the cavity. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old female child had a slow-growing mass on her right wrist for 8 months with forearm rotation dysfunction. Plain X-rays showed an irregular calcified mass on the right distal ulna, and computed tomography (CT) showed a pedunculated mass resembling a mushroom protruding into the soft tissue at the distal ulna. The medulla of this lesion is continuous with the medulla of the ulna. A surgical resection of the lesion, together with a portion of the ulnar bone cortex below the tumor was performed, and the final pathology confirmed BPOP. After the surgery, the child's forearm rotation function improved significantly, and there was no sign of a recurrence at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: It is scarce for BPOP lesions to communicate with the medullary cavity. However, under-recognition of these rare cases may result in misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment thereby increasing the risk of recurrence. Therefore, special cases where BPOP lesions are continuous with the medulla are even more important to be studied to understand better and master these lesions. Although BPOP is a benign tumor with no evidence of malignant transformation, the recurrence rate of surgical resection is high. We considered the possibility of this particular disease prior to surgery and performed a surgical resection with adequate safety margins. Regular postoperative follow-up is of utmost importance, without a doubt.

Cu(II)-chelated ovalbumin mimicking the active centre of superoxide dismutase: Structure, antioxidant and antibacterial properties for food preservation application.

Enzymatic browning and microbial contamination of food threaten food sensory and safety. With the development of green and healthy concepts, there is a greater need for efficient, low-carbon antioxidant and antimicrobial strategies. In this study, we designed a nano-enzyme with antioxidant activities and biocompatibility. By mimicking the active center of the natural SOD enzyme, copper (Cu) and ovalbumin (OVA) were self-assembled to form Cu-nano-polymerised sheet (Cu-NPS), in which OVA as a scaffold carries cofactors to create the active sites, making the nanoenzymes compatible with the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of Cu, and at the same time possessing good stability and biocompatibility. These properties enable Cu-NPS to have a broader application range, for removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and broad-spectrum sterilization. Subsequently, Cu-NPS was doped into carrageenan (Carr) to form a nanocomposite film, effectively inhibiting enzymatic browning and microbial contamination. In this work, protein-based mimetic enzymes as artificial nanoenzymes have advantages over natural enzymes, and the Cu-NPS with simple synthesis, high stability, and diverse properties, provides new ideas for the design of functional materials.

Transcriptome analysis reveals ozone treatment maintains ascorbic acid content in fresh-cut kiwifruit by regulating phytohormone signalling pathways.

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an indicator of the nutritional value of freshly cut kiwifruit during storage at 4℃, and its degradation can be inhibited after ozone treatment (1 mg/L, 10 min). The aim of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanism affecting AsA metabolism in fresh-cut kiwifruit after ozone treatment. In this study, ozone treatment not only prevented the decrease in AsA/dehydroascorbic acid and delayed the accumulation of total soluble solids/titratable acidity, but also altered phytohormone levels differently. Transcriptomic profiling combined with cis-acting element and correlation analysis were performed to reveal that abscisic acid and salicylic acid synergistically delay AsA degradation under ozone-treatment conditions. Actinidia03760, encoding ascorbate peroxidase, could be specifically recognized by the bZIP transcription factor and is considered a key candidate gene for further research. Collectively, ozone treatment is a promising method for preserving AsA content and improving the nutrition of fresh-cut kiwifruit.

Risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify independent risk factors for preoperative lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH), and to develop a prediction nomogram. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients presenting with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head between October 2014 and April 2019 was conducted. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) was routinely used to screen for preoperative DVT of bilateral lower extremities. Data on demographics, chronic comorbidities, preoperative characteristics, and laboratory biomarkers were collected. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors associated with DVT which were combined and transformed into a nomogram model. RESULT: Among 2824 eligible patients included, 35 (1.24%) had preoperative DVT, including 15 cases of proximal thrombosis, and 20 cases of distal thrombosis. Six independent risk factors were identified to be associated with DVT, including Sodium ≤ 137 mmol/L (OR = 2.116, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.036-4.322; P = 0.040), AGE ≥ 49 years (OR = 7.598, 95%CI: 1.763-32.735; P = 0.008), D-Dimer > 0.18 mg/L (OR = 2.351, 95%CI: 1.070-5.163; P = 0.033), AT III ≤ 91.5% (OR = 2.796, 95%CI: 1.387-5.634; P = 0.006), PLT ≥ 220.4*109 /L (OR = 7.408, 95%CI: 3.434-15.981; P = 0.001) and ALB < 39 g/L (OR = 3.607, 95%CI: 1.084-12.696; P = 0.042). For the nomogram model, AUC was 0.845 (95%CI: 0.785-0.906), and C-index was 0.847 with the corrected value of 0.829 after 1000 bootstrapping validations. Moreover, the calibration curve and DCA exhibited the tool's good prediction consistency and clinical practicability. CONCLUSION: These epidemiologic data and the nomogram may be conducive to the individualized assessment, risk stratification, and development of targeted prevention programs for preoperative DVT in patients with NONFH.

Graft survival after percutaneous transluminal renal stenting for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is worse compared to matched cadaveric grafts without TRAS.

OBJECTIVES: Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is now recognized as a curable disease with a good prognosis if intervention occurs in the early stage. However, the mid-term outcomes of TRAS when treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare mid-term graft and patient survival of TRAS group with a control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two patients were diagnosed of TRAS between January 2016 and January 2022 in our center. Fifty-six pairs of recipients with grafts from the same donor were selected as a study group with TRAS and a control group without TRAS, respectively. All donor kidneys were from deceased organ donation rather than living donors. The primary endpoints were graft and patient survival. The secondary outcomes were changes in renal graft function. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time for the TRAS group was 43.6 months, while the mean follow-up time for the control group was 45.3 months. In the TRAS group, the age of patients ranged from 11 to 62 years with 39 males and 17 females. In the control group, the age of patients ranged from 18 to 67 years with 40 males and 16 females. In the TRAS group, there were more patients with diabetic nephropathy as the primary renal disease compared to the control group (5/56 vs 0/56), and the incidence of acute rejection was higher in the TRAS group than in the control group (12/56 vs 3/56). Eight patients in the TRAS group and one patient in the control group experienced graft loss (p = .019). Four patients in the TRAS group and four patients in the control group died with functional renal allograft during the follow-up time (p = .989). The levels of eGFR did not differ significantly between the two groups in the first three years after kidney transplant (p > .05). Patients in the TRAS group had worse graft functionality (eGFR, 44.96 ± 18.9 vs 54.9 ± 19.6 mL/min) in the fourth year when compared with the control group (p = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The graft function deteriorated faster, and graft survival was lower in the TRAS group treated by stent placement when compared with a control group without TRAS over the mid-term.

Research progress on microbial adsorption of radioactive nuclides in deep geological environments.

Due to the development and utilization of nuclear energy, the safe disposal of nuclear waste needs to be urgently addressed. In recent years, the utilization of microorganisms' adsorption capacity to dispose of radioactive waste has received increasing attention. When compared with conventional disposal methods, microbial adsorption exhibits the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, and no secondary pollution. In the long term, microbial biomass shows significant promise as specific chemical-binding agents. Optimization of biosorption conditions, identification of rare earth element binding sites, and studies on the sorption capacities of immobilized cells provide compelling reasons to consider biosorption for industrial applications in heavy metal removal from solutions. However, the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and radioactive nuclides is very complex. This mini-review briefly provides an overview of the preparation methods, factors affecting the adsorption capacity, and the mechanisms of microbial adsorbents.